Izinjini ze-DOHC ne-SOHC: umehluko, izinzuzo nezinzuzo

Ngaphambi kokukhetha imoto, umnikazi wemoto wesikhathi esizayo ubhekene nenqwaba yolwazi, eqhathanisa nezinkulungwane zezici. Le nombolo ihlanganisa uhlobo lwenjini, kanye nokuhlelwa kwekhanda le-cylinder, okuzoxoxwa ngakho kabanzi. Iyini injini ye-DOHC ne-SOHC, uyini umehluko wabo, idivayisi, izinzuzo kanye nokubi - qhubeka ufunda.

📌Iyini injini ye-SOHC

 I-Single Over Head Camshaft (i-camshaft eyodwa ephezulu) - izinjini ezinjalo zazisezingeni eliphakeme lokuthandwa kuma-60-70s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Isakhiwo siyi-camshaft engaphezulu (ekhanda le-cylinder), kanye namalungiselelo ama-valve amaningana:

• ukulungiswa kwe-valve kusetshenziswa izingalo ze-rocker, ezibekwe ku-axle ehlukile, kuyilapho i-valve yokuphuza nokuqeda ihlelwe ngendlela eyi-V. Uhlelo olufanayo lwalusetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni zaseMelika, injini efuywayo ye-UZAM-412, yayithandwa ngenxa yokuqhuma kwesilinda yayo enhle kakhulu;
• ukusebenza kwe-valves okusetshenziswa ama-rockers, okwenziwa ngamandla we-cams of shaft ejikelezayo, ngenkathi ama-valve ahlelwe ngokulandelana;
• ukuba khona kwama-pushers (ama-hydraulic lifters noma ama-thrust bear), akhiwe phakathi kwe-valve ne-camshaft cam.

Namuhla, abakhiqizi abaningi bezimoto ezinenjini engu-8-valve basebenzisa ukwakheka kwe-SOHC njengenguqulo eyisisekelo, eshibhile ngokulandelana.

Umlando wenjini ye-SOHC

Ngo-1910, inkampani yakwaMaudslay yafaka uhlobo olukhethekile lokuhambisa igesi ngaleso sikhathi kumamodeli angama-32 HP. Izici ezihlukile zenjini enesikhathi esinje ukuthi kune-camshaft eyodwa kuphela kulo mshini, futhi ibitholakala ngaphezu kwamasilinda ekhanda le-block.

Ivelufa ngalinye lingaqhutshwa izingalo ze-rocker, ama-rocker noma ama-cylindrical pusher. Ezinye izinjini, njenge-Triumph Dolomite Sprint ICE, zisebenzisa ama-valve actuator ahlukile. Iqembu lokungena liqhutshwa ngama-pusher, kanti iqembu elidayiswayo liqhutshwa ngama-rocker. Futhi ngalokhu, kusetshenziswe i-camshaft eyodwa.

📌Iyini injini ye-DOHC

 Iyini injini ye-DOHC (amakhamera amabili aphezulu) - inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-SOHC, ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-camshafts amabili, kwakungenzeka ukwandisa inani lama-valve nge-cylinder ngayinye (imvamisa ama-valve angu-4), izinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlela zisetshenziswa okwamanje. :

• ama-valve amabili nge-cylinder ngayinye - ama-valve ahambisana nomunye nomunye, i-shaft eyodwa ohlangothini ngalunye;
• ama-valve amane noma ngaphezulu nge-cylinder ngayinye - ama-valve afakwe ngokuhambisana, shaft eyodwa ye-4-cylinder injini ingaba nama-valve angu-2 kuya kwangu-3 (injini ye-VAG 1.8 20V ADR).

Okusabalele kakhulu ama-motors e-DOHC ngenxa yekhono lokuhlukanisa ngokwahlukana izigaba zokuphuza nokuqeda amandla, kanye nokwanda kwenani lama-valve ngaphandle kokulayisha kakhulu izinkambu. Manje izinjini ezi-turbocharged zenzelwe kuphela ukuthi kusetshenziswe ama-camshafts amabili noma ngaphezulu, ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu.

Umlando wokwenziwa kwenjini ye-DOHC

Onjiniyela abane bakwaPeugeot babambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwenjini yesikhathi sohlobo lwe-DOCH. Leli qembu laphinde laqanjwa njenge "Gang of Four". Ngaphambi kokuthi baqale ukwenza iphrojekthi yalesi powertrain, bobane babephumelele emijahweni yezimoto. Ngesikhathi sokubamba iqhaza kwabo emijahweni, umkhawulo wejubane wenjini wawuyizinkulungwane ezimbili ngomzuzu. Kepha wonke umgijimi ufuna ukwenza imoto yakhe isheshe.

Le ntuthuko ibisuselwa esimisweni esivezwe nguZukkareli. Ngokomqondo wakhe, i-camshaft yendlela yokusabalalisa igesi yafakwa ngaphezu kweqembu le-valve. Ngenxa yalokhu, abaklami bakwazi ukukhipha izingxenye ezingadingekile ekwakhiweni kweyunithi yamandla. Futhi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuhanjiswa kwegesi, i-valve eyodwa esindayo yathathelwa indawo ezimbili ezilula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-camshaft ngayinye yasetshenziselwa ama-valve wokudla nawokuqeda.

Umlingani wakhe, uHenri, wenza izibalo ezidingekayo ukwethula umbono wokulungiswa kwemoto ekuthuthukisweni. Ngokwezibalo zakhe, amandla wenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi angakhuphuka ngokwandisa umthamo wenhlanganisela kaphethiloli womoya ozongena kumasilinda kumjikelezo owodwa weyunithi yamandla. Lokhu kufinyelelwe ngokufaka ama-valve amabili amancane ekhanda lesilinda. Bazowenza lo msebenzi kahle kakhulu kune-valve eyodwa enkulu yobubanzi.

Kulokhu, i-BTC izongena kumasilinda ezingxenyeni ezincane futhi ezixubeke kangcono. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli kuncishisiwe, futhi amandla ayo, kunalokho, ayanda. Le ntuthuko ithole ukuqashelwa, futhi yenziwe ezinhlakeni eziningi zamanje zamandla.

I-DOHC enamasondo amabili isilinda ngasinye

Namuhla, izakhiwo ezinjalo azisetshenziswa. Ngama-70s wekhulu lamashumi amabili, i-shaft enjini enama-valve ayisishiyagalombili yabizwa nge-2OHC, futhi yasetshenziswa ezimotweni zezemidlalo ezifana ne-Alfa Romeo, i-rally "Moskvich-412" ngokususelwa ekhanda le-SOHC cylinder. 

I-DOHC enamavevu amane kwisilinda ngasinye

Isakhiwo esisabalele esithole indlela ngaphansi kwezinkulungwane zezimoto. Ngenxa yama-camshafts amabili, kwenzeka ukuthi afake ama-valve ama-4 kwisilinda ngasinye, okusho ukuthi ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ngenxa yokugcwala okuthuthukile kanye nokuhlanzwa kwesilinda. 

📌I-DOHC ihluke kanjani kwi-SOHC nakwezinye izinhlobo zenjini

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zama-motors inani lama-camshafts kanye ne-valve actuation mechanism. Ezimweni zokuqala nezesibili, i-camshaft ihlale isekhanda lesilinda, ama-valve aqhutshwa ngezingalo ze-rocker, ama-rocker noma ama-lifter hydraulic. Kukholakala ukuthi i-V-valve SOHC kanye ne-valve engu-16 i-DOHC inamandla afanayo ne-torque ngenxa yezimpawu zokwakhiwa.

📌Izinzuzo nezinzuzo ze-DOHC

Ekuzuzweni:

• ukusebenza kahle kwamafutha;
• amandla aphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izakhiwo;
• amathuba amaningi okukhulisa amandla;
• umsindo ophansi osebenzayo ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwama-hydraulic compensators.

Okubi:

• izingxenye eziningi zokugqoka - ukugcinwa nokulungisa okubizayo;
• ubungozi bokuphuma kwesigaba ngenxa yokulephuka kweketanga noma ibhande lesikhathi;
• ukuzwela kwekhwalithi ne-uwoyela.

📌Izinzuzo ze-SOHC nokubi

Ekuzuzweni:

• isondlo eshibhile futhi elula ngenxa yomklamo olula;
• ikhono lokufaka i-turbocharged ngokuhlelwa kwe-valve okwenziwe nge-V;
• ukuthi kungenzeka uzenzele ngokwakho umsebenzi wokulungisa izimoto.

Okubi:

• ukusebenza kahle okuphansi kakhulu ngokuhlobene ne-DOHC;
• ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu okuhlobene nenjini engu-16-valve ngenxa yamandla anganele;
• ukuncishiswa okukhulu empilweni yenjini ngesikhathi sokuhleleka;
• isidingo sokunakwa kaningi ohlelweni lwesikhathi (ukulungisa ama-valve, ukuhlola ama-pusher, ukufaka esikhundleni sebhande lesikhathi).

Ekuphetheni, sinikeza ividiyo emfushane ngomehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zama-motors:

SOHC vs DOHC | Ama-Autotechlabs

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Yiziphi izimoto ezinezinjini ze-DOHC. Ama-motors okusabalalisa igesi e-DOHC asetshenziswe ezimotweni kusukela ngawo-1960. Ekuqaleni kwakungukuguqulwa ngamaphayiphu amabili nge-cylinder (eyodwa yokungena, indawo eyodwa). Amaphayiphu okudonsa nawokukhipha ancike ku-camshaft eyodwa. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, kwavela ibhande lesikhathi elinama-camshafts amabili, isilinda esisodwa sithembele kuma-valve amane (amabili ethekwini, amabili ephumayo). Uhlu oluphelele lwezinjini ezinjalo kunzima ukuluhlanganisa, kepha i-automaker ikhombisa ukucushwa kwendlela yokusabalalisa igesi ngombhalo ofanele kwikhava yekhanda lesilinda noma kumadokhumenti ezobuchwepheshe.

Yimiphi imishini izinjini ze-SOHC. Uma imoto iyisigaba somnotho, kungenzeka ukuthi indlela yokusabalalisa igesi yenjini yale modeli izoba ne-camshaft eyodwa yawo wonke ama-valve. Ukuphakama kokuthandwa kwalezi zinjini kuwela ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60s no-70s, kepha ezimotweni zesimanje, ukuguqulwa kwamayunithi kagesi anendlela enjalo yokusabalalisa igesi kuvame ukutholakala. Lolu hlobo lwesikhathi lufakazelwa ngumbhalo ohambisanayo kukhava yekhanda lesilinda.