I-Hardtop: iyini, incazelo, inqubo yokusebenza

Esikhathini seMpi Yezwe II, ama-automakers kancane kancane aqala ukwakha izimoto. Kodwa-ke, imishini enjalo yayingahlukile kozakwabo bangaphambi kwempi. Abashayeli bezimoto kwakudingeka babe nentshisekelo kokuthile, ngoba intsha yayifuna ukugqama ngandlela thile.

Bekunzima ukukwenza lokhu ezimotweni ezinesimo somzimba sepontoon (ngaphambili nangemuva okutsheka okulengayo kuzo kuxhunywe ngomugqa owodwa ongenhla). Izimoto ezinjalo sezivele zaba yisidina futhi zinesidina.

Isimo sishintshile lapho izimoto zokuqala ezinzima ziqhamuka eMelika ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-40s kanye nama-50s.

Izimoto ezinjalo beziqhamuka kwezinye izimoto futhi zivumela umshayeli ukuthi agcizelele ezakhe. Ake sibhekisise lesi sitayela somzimba: yiziphi izici zayo, kungani yayithandwa kangaka, nokuthi kungani lo mklamo uhlala emlandweni.

Yini i-hardtop?

I-hardtop uhlobo lokuklama komzimba oluthokozele ukuthandwa okuthile kusuka ngawo-1950s kuya engxenyeni yokuqala yama-1970. Kunalokho, kungukuguqulwa kwesedan, coupe noma inqola yesiteshiesikhundleni sohlobo lomzimba oluhlukile.

Isici esihlukile salesi sixazululo sokuklama ukungabi bikho kwensika yomnyango emaphakathi. Abanye abantu basho ngezimoto eziqinile, amawindi asemaceleni angenawo amafreyimu aqinile. Kodwa-ke, isici esiyisihluthulelo ngokunembile ukungabikho kokwahlukanisa, okuthuthukisa ukubonakala futhi kunikeze imoto ukubukeka kwangempela.

Imodeli yokuqala yokuntwela kokusa kwenkathi ye-hardtop yiChrysler Town nezwe, elathola ukuqashelwa ngo-1947.

Isibani esikhanya kakhulu sesikhathi se-hardtop yi-Cadillac Coupe Deville yango-1959. Ngaphezu kokushoda kwensika yomnyango ophakathi nendawo, imodeli yayinamaphiko okuqala angemuva (lesi yisigaba esehlukile sokwakheka kwezimoto kusuka enkathini efanayo yomlando).

Ngaphandle, i-hardtop ifana nokuguqulwa okunophahla oluphakanyisiwe. Kwakungumbono lo owakha isisekelo sokwakhiwa kwalokhu kuguqulwa komzimba. Lesi sinqumo sokuqamba savuselela ukuthuthwa okunamasondo amane kwesikhathi sangemva kwempi.

Ukugcizelela ukufana kwezinto eziguqukayo, uphahla lwemoto lwaluvame ukupendwa ngombala ohluke kakhulu kumbala womzimba. Imvamisa yayipendwe mhlophe noma mnyama, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ukusebenza kwangempela kwakuhlangana nakho.

Ukugcizelela ukufana kokuguqukayo, uphahla lwamanye amamodeli lwalumbozwe nge-vinyl enezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene.

Ngenxa yalesi sinqumo, iklayenti lathenga imoto ekhethekile, efana ne-convertible, kodwa ngentengo yemoto ejwayelekile. Abanye abakhiqizi benza izitembu ezikhethekile ophahleni lwemoto, ezazilingisa izimbambo ezidudula ngophahla oluthambile. Omunye wabamele lo mklamo yiPontiac Catalina yango-1963.

Inani eliphakeme lokuthandwa kwalesi sitayela liwela kuma-60s. Ngokuthuthuka kwesiko lezimoto zeMuscle "Ford", uChrysler, Pontiac kanye noGeneral Motors bafuna ukuthakazelisa umshayeli "ongenazinjongo" ngamamodeli anezinjini ezinamandla amakhulu. Iqhamuke kanjalo-ke iPontiac GTO, uShelby Mustang GT500, uChevrolet Corvette Stingray, uPlymouth Hemi Cuda, iDodge Charger nezinye.

Kepha bekungezona nje izinjini ezinamandla amangalisayo ezihehe intshisekelo ezimotweni ezivela esikhathini se- "frenzy". Kubanikazi abaningi bezimoto, ukwakheka kwemoto kudlale indima enkulu. Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, izimoto beziyisidina esifanayo futhi ziyisidina ngesitayela se-pontoon esiyisidina.

Imiklamo yangempela isetshenziselwe ukuletha ukwakheka okusha ekwakhiweni kwemoto enamasondo amane, kanti i-hardtop ibingenye yezidume kakhulu. Imvamisa umzimba ngale ndlela kanye nesigaba seMiscle Car uhambe ngokungahlukaniswa.

Izici zokwakhiwa komzimba weHardtop

Hlukanisa phakathi kokukhetha komzimba womuntu ongaphenduli iminyango emibili kanye nemine. Indlela elula kwakuwukuhumusha umqondo uwenze izinguquko ezineminyango emibili, ngoba umnyango wawungadingi i-rack - lo msebenzi wenziwa yingxenye yomzimba eqinile. Kusukela maphakathi nawo-50s, kuye kwavela ama-analogs aneminyango emine. Futhi inqola yokuqala yesiteshi kulo mklamo yakhululwa ngo-1957.

Inselelo enkulu yokuhlukahluka kweminyango emine kube ukuqina komnyango kwangemuva. Ukuze bakwazi ukuvula, yayingekho indlela yokwenza ngaphandle kwesitandi. Ngokubuka kwalokhu, amamodeli amaningi abengenazinkinga. Izicabha zangemuva zazigxiliswe kunsika enqanyuliwe eyayiphela phezulu emnyango.

Isixazululo sokuqala kunazo zonke bekuwukufaka umnyango kule nsika ka-C ukuze iminyango yomshayeli neyabagibeli ivuleke ngezindlela ezihlukene - omunye phambili nomunye emuva. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, intaba engemuva yathola igama elisabisayo "Umnyango Wokuzibulala" noma "Umnyango Wokuzibulala" (ngejubane elikhulu, isivunguvungu sasivula umnyango ongavaliwe kahle, owawungaphephile kubagibeli). Le ndlela ithole ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezimotweni zikanokusho zanamuhla, isibonelo:

• ILykan Hypersport iyinqola yokuqala enkulu yama-Arabhu eyaziwa kakhulu ngefilimu ethi The Fast and the Furious (Funda kabanzi ngezinye izimoto ezipholile ku-franchise lapha);

• I-Mazda RX-8 - isakhiwo somzimba esingenasici;

• IHonda Element ngomunye omele izimoto zesimanje ezingenazintambo, ezikhiqizwe esikhathini esisukela ku-2003 kuya ku-2011.

Enye inkinga yokwakhiwa kwama-hardtops kwakuwukuvala ingilazi okungalungile. Ubunzima obufanayo bukhona ezimotweni ezingenawo amafreyimu. Izinketho zemoto yesabelomali zafakwa amawindi angemuva angaguquki.

Ezinhlelweni zesimanje ezingabizi kakhulu, abaphakamisa amawindi baphakamisa amafasitela nge-offset encane evundlile, ebavumela ukuthi bavale ngokuqinile endaweni ephezulu kakhulu. Ukuqina kohlelo olunjalo kuhlinzekwa ngophawu oluqinile oluvalwe emaphethelweni ohlangothini lwamawindi angemuva.

Izizathu zokuthandwa

Ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele kokuguqulwa kwe-hardtop namandla amakhulu we-powertrain kwenza izimoto zaseMelika zahlukile ngendlela yazo. Abanye abakhiqizi baseYurophu nabo bazamile ukusebenzisa imibono efanayo emiklamweni yabo. Omunye walaba bameleli yiFrench Facel-Vega FV (1955). Kodwa-ke, izimoto zaseMelika zazibhekwa njengezithandwa kakhulu.

I-Facel-Vega FV 1955

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthandwa kwalokhu kuguqulwa yizindleko zayo. Njengoba ukwakheka kophahla kungasho ukuthi kukhona izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi ezivumela ukuthi zisuswe esiqwini, umenzi angashiya intengo yentando yeningi ngomkhiqizo wakhe.

Isizathu sesibili sokuthandwa okunjalo yi-aesthetics yemoto. Ngisho namamodeli wesitayela sepontoon adinayo abukeka ekhanga kakhulu kunabalingani babo basemva kwempi. Eqinisweni, iklayenti lithole imoto ebukeka ngaphandle njengoguqukayo, kodwa enesakhiwo somzimba esithembeke ngokwengeziwe.

Phakathi kwezimoto ezithandwayo zalokhu kuguqulwa kukhona:

• I-Chevrolet Chevelle Malibu SS 396 (1965г.);

• I-Ford Fairlane 500 Hardtop Coupe 427 R-code (1966г.);

• IBuick Skylark GS 400 Hardtop Coupe (1967г.);

• I-Chevrolet Impala Hardtop Coupe (1967г.);

• I-Dodge Dart GTS 440 (1969г.);

• I-Dodge Ishaja 383 (1966г.)

Ngaphezu kwezimoto ezinejubane elikhulu, ukuguqulwa kwe-hardtop bekuvame ukusetshenziswa kwesinye isigaba sezimoto - kuma "yachts land" anamandla futhi angalawuleki. Nazi izinketho eziningana zemishini enjalo:

• IDodge Custom 880 (1963) - sedan enezicabha ezine ngamamitha angu-5,45;

• Ford LTD (1970) - enye sedan nge ubude bomzimba cishe 5,5 amamitha;

• Isizukulwane sokuqala iBuick Riviera singesinye sezimpawu zesitayela saseMelika Sokunethezeka.

Esinye isitayela sokuqala somzimba esiqinile yiMercury Commuter 2-door Hardtop Station Wagon.

Ngokuqala kwenkinga kaphethiloli, izimoto ezinamandla zangena "emthunzini", futhi nazo zaba nama-hardtops okuqala. Imithethonqubo yezokuphepha iye yaqina kancane, iphoqa abenzi bayo ukuba bayeke ngokuningiliziwe imiklamo ethandwayo.

Kwakunezikhathi ezithile kuphela lapho kwakukhona khona imizamo yokulingisa isitayela se-hardtop, kepha lawa kwakuyiziduli zasendulo ezinophahla oluhlukile noma amafasitela angenalutho. Isibonelo semoto enjalo yiFord LTD Pillared Hardtop Sedan.

Umkhiqizi waseJapan naye uzame ukuheha abathengi bayo ekusebenzeni kwasekuqaleni kwezimoto zabo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1991, iToyota Corona Exiv yangena ochungechungeni.

Ngokungafani nabashayeli bezimoto e-United States, izethameli zase-Europe nase-Asia bezingazimisele kangako ukwamukela lo mbono - imvamisa zikhetha ukusebenza nokuphepha kwezimoto.

Izinzuzo nezinkinga zomzimba we-hardtop

Phakathi kwezinzuzo zalokhu kuguqulwa kwesakhiwo kukhona:

• Ukubukeka kwangempela kwemoto. Ngisho nemoto ejwayelekile enomzimba osesimanjemanje we-hardtop ibukeka iheha kakhulu kunabantu besikhathi sayo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezicabha ezixhumene ngemuva kusasetshenziswa abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto, okwenza imikhiqizo yabo ivelele ngemuva kwezinye izifanekiselo.

• Ukufana nokuguqulwa. Imoto yayingafani ngaphandle kuphela ne-analogue ngenhla eguqukayo. Lapho wonke amawindi ephansi ngenkathi ushayela, umoya omncane ucishe ufane nowe-convertible. Ngenxa yalokhu, izimoto ezinjalo zazithandwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo.
• Ukubonakala okuthuthukisiwe. Ngaphandle kwensika engu-B, umshayeli ubenezindawo ezimbalwa ezingaboni, nengaphakathi ngokwalo libukeka likhulu.

Ngaphandle kokusebenza ngesibindi nangokoqobo, ama-automaker bekufanele ashiye ukuguqulwa kwe-hardtop. Izizathu zalokhu bekuyizici ezilandelayo:

• Ngenxa yokushoda kwensika emaphakathi, umzimba wemoto waba lukhuni kancane. Ngenxa yokushayela phezu kwamaqhuqhuva, lesi sakhiwo saba buthakathaka, okuvame ukuholela ekuphazamisweni kwezikhiye zeminyango. Ngemuva kokushayela budedengu iminyaka embalwa, imoto yaba "buthakathaka" kangangoba ngisho nokungahambi kahle okuncane emgwaqeni kwakuphelezelwa yiziqubu ezesabekayo nezingozi kuyo yonke indawo.
• Ukwephulwa kwezindinganiso zokuphepha. Enye inkinga nge-hardtops kwaba ukuboshwa kwamabhande esihlalo. Njengoba kwakungekho nsika emaphakathi, ibhande lalivame ukugxunyekwa ophahleni, okwakungavumi ukuthi umbono wemoto engenaposi ufezeke ngokuphelele (i-rack yasuswa ukuze kungaphazamiseki umbono, nebhande elenga laphazamisa isithombe sonke).

• Ngesikhathi sengozi, ama-hardtops ayengaphansi kakhulu kwezokuphepha uma kuqhathaniswa nama-classic sedans noma ama-coupes.
• Ngokufika kwezinhlelo zokupholisa umoya, isidingo sokwengezwa komoya omncane wangaphakathi sesinyamalele.
• Ukwehlisa amafasitela ezimotweni ezinjalo kube nomthelela omubi ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba ngemoto kwemoto, kwehlisa kakhulu ijubane layo.

Esikhathini esingaphezu nje kweminyaka engama-20, imakethe yezimoto yayigcwele ama-hardtops kangangokuthi ukuguqulwa okunjalo kwaphela ngokushesha kwaba ilukuluku. Noma kunjalo, izimoto ezivelele zaleso sikhathi zisabamba iso labathandi bezimoto eziyinkimbinkimbi.