Ukugcinwa kwebhokisi lamagiya

Ukusebenza kahle kwanoma iyiphi imoto, umnikazi wemoto ngamunye akumele aqaphe kuphela ukuvela kokungasebenzi kahle kwezinqubo, kepha futhi azisevisi ngesikhathi. Ukwenza lula umsebenzi wokunquma isikhathi senqubo ngayinye, i-automaker ibeka uhlelo lokulungiswa.

Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa okuhleliwe, zonke izingxenye kanye nemihlangano ihlolwe amaphutha. Le nqubo yakhelwe ukuvikela ukonakala kwezimoto okuphuthumayo emgwaqeni. Endabeni yezinye izindlela, lokhu kungaholela engozini. Cabanga ngezenzo ezihambisana nokugcinwa kokuhanjiswa.

Imvamisa, ukugcinwa kwezimoto kwehla ngezigaba ezintathu:

• Isondlo sokuqala. Kuleli qophelo, uketshezi oluningi lobuchwepheshe nezihlungi kuyashintshwa. Ukuqiniswa kokuqina kubhekwa kuzo zonke izindlela lapho kudlidliziswa khona ngamandla. Kulesi sigaba kubalwa nama-gearbox. Amalunga wokuhambisa (amahinji) ayathanjiswa, futhi izimbobo zokungenisa umoya ziyahlanzwa. Izinga likawoyela ku-crankcase liyahlolwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, amamodeli amaningi ezimoto anephenyo ekhethekile, efana ne-analog yenjini. Ingxenye engezansi imakwe ngezinga eliphansi neliphezulu.
• Ukugcinwa kwesibili. Uwoyela uyashintshwa ebhokisini, izimbobo zokungenisa umoya ziyahlanzwa. Uma imoto ifakwe ibhokisi lokudlulisa, i-lubricant kuyo iyashintsha kanye namafutha ka-gearbox. Ukushintshwa kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kohambo olufushane. Lokhu kwenza uwoyela uketshezi ngokwengeziwe, okwenza kube lula ukukhipha ekhrankcase.
• Isevisi yesizini. Yize ikakhulukazi kungabashayeli abashintsha amasondo entwasahlobo / ekwindla, kufanele unake izincomo zokushintsha igrisi. Ezifundeni eziningi, ukudluliswa kugcwele uwoyela we-multigrade. Kodwa-ke, ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, ukugcoba kwesizini kuyadingeka. Kulokhu, ngokushintshela kumathayi asebusika, umshayeli wemoto kufanele agcwalise igrisi yasebusika, bese entwasahlobo, kunalokho, ehlobo.

Ukugcinwa kwemoto ejwayelekile kwenzeka njalo ngezikhathi ezithile. I-automaker uqobo isetha ibanga lapho umsebenzi udinga ukwenziwa khona. Imvamisa i-TO-1 yenziwa ngemuva kwezinkulungwane eziyi-15, ne-TO-2 - 30 amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ukusuka ekuqaleni (ngokwesibonelo, ukuthenga imoto entsha, ukulungiswa okukhulu, njll.). Akunandaba ngemoto, izinga lokugcoba kukhrankcase kufanele lihlolwe njalo. Uma kunesidingo (ileveli eseduze nenani eliphansi noma ngezansi) uwoyela uyangezwa.

Lapho ushintsha i-lubricant kwamanye amayunithi, umgodi kufanele ufuthwe ngoyela okhethekile. Kulokhu, umenzi ukhombisa ukuthi le nqubo yenziwa kanjani ngemoto ngayinye. Imvamisa, igrisi elidala liyakhanywa, umgodi ugcwala inani elincane lezinto ezishaywayo, bese imoto iqala igijime ingasebenzi. Ngemuva kwale nqubo, uketshezi luyakhanywa bese kuthululwa uwoyela omusha.

Uma ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto kunemisindo engaphandle noma ukudlidliza okuvela ekudlulisweni, awudingi ukulinda ukuthi imoto ihambe inani lamakhilomitha adingekayo ukubheka ukuthi yini inkinga. Kungcono ukuthatha imoto ngokushesha ukuxilonga noma ukuzenzele ngokwakho uma unolwazi lokwenza izinqubo ezinjalo.

Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa okuhleliwe kwemoto, umshayeli ngamunye kufanele anake isimo sebhokisi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi luhlobo lomshini noma oluzenzakalelayo (ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngezinhlobo zamayunithi wokudlulisa imoto, funda lapha). Lapho ushintsha amagiya, umshayeli akufanele asebenze kanzima. Ngenqubo yokuhambisa isigwedlo sebhokisi, akufanele kube nokuchofoza, ukungqongqoza nomunye umsindo ongaphandle. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kufanele uxhumane nomakhenikha ngokushesha ukuze axilongwe.

Ngesikhathi sokushayela, ibhokisi akufanele lishise ngokweqile. Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi iyunithi isebenza kahle, kwanele ukuma emgwaqweni bese uhlola izinga lokushisa ngokuncika isandla sakho emzimbeni. Ngokufanelekile, ibhokisi likamagiya kufanele lifudumale ngokwanele ukuncika isandla sakho kulo futhi ungatholi umuzwa oshisayo. Uma ukudluliswa kushisa kakhulu, naka izinga likawoyela.

Izinkinga ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwebhokisi lomshini

Ngokuyisisekelo, ukudluliswa okwenziwa ngezandla uhlobo oluthembekile kakhulu lokudlulisa phakathi kwakho konke ukulungiswa, ngakho-ke ngokunakekelwa okufanele kuzohlala isikhathi eside. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ku-gearbox onjalo ukuvuza kukawoyela kusuka ku-crankcase. Lokhu kungenzeka uma umshayeli enganakanga ama-drip kawoyela, ngokwesibonelo, endaweni yokufaka izimpawu zamandla kawoyela, kanye nasemalungeni omzimba.

Uma, ngemuva kokumisa ukuthuthwa, ngisho nebala elincane likawoyela elakheke ngaphansi kwalo, kufanele unake imbangela yokuvuza ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ukukususe. Futhi, umshayeli kufanele anake ukuthi ukusebenza kwendlela kushintshile yini: ngabe kunemisindo engaphandle yini noma eminye imizamo idinga ukwenziwa ukufaka igiya.

Ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela ukukhwabanisa noma ukungqongqoza, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukulungiswa okufanele, ngokwesibonelo, ukufaka ezinye izingxenye zebhasikidi yokubamba noma, esimweni esinganakiwe kakhulu, amagiya asemshini.

Cabanga ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekudlulisweni mathupha, nokuthi zibangelwa yini.

Ukuguquguquka kwegiya okunzima

Ukunyakaza kwamagiya kungadinga umzamo omkhulu ezimweni ezinjalo:

1. Ubhasikidi we-clutch kungenzeka ungasebenzi kahle. Imvamisa, uma le yunithi ingasebenzi kahle, kuzwakala ukuqhuma okuqinile lapho isivinini sivuliwe. Kubangelwa ukuthintana kwamazinyo egiya ebhokisini ngenxa yokuthi ipuleti lengcindezi alinqanyuliwe ku-flywheel. Ngenxa yalokho, noma ngabe umshayeli ecindezela i-clutch pedal, i-drive shaft ayimisi, kepha iyaqhubeka nokuzungeza. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngengxabano yekhebula ebuthakathaka.
2. Imfoloko yokushintsha ikhubazekile. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuqeda ukusonteka, ingxenye kumele ishintshwe.
3. Ama-synchronizers agugile, ngenxa yokuthi ijubane lokujikeleza ledrayivu kanye nemiphini eqhutshwa ayifani. Umphumela uba ukushelela kwegiya lapho igiya elihambelanayo libandakanyeka. Ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo kungaqedwa kuphela ngokufaka esikhundleni sama-synchronizers. Zifakwe kushaft yokukhipha, ngakho-ke ishafti eliqhutshwa liyasuswa ukuze lilungiswe futhi lihlukaniswe.
4. Ukujikijelana kukaCardan. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngezinguquko zamagiya ezinolaka. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuqeda ama-scuffs nge-sandpaper (ingxenye kufanele isuswe kulokhu), khona-ke lesi sici kufanele sithathelwe indawo esisha.
5. Izinduku zemfoloko zihamba ngomzamo omkhulu. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukukhomba nokuqeda imbangela, imininingwane ishintshwa ngemisha.

Ukucisha okuzenzakalelayo noma ukuzibandakanya okungahambi kahle kwamagiya

Olunye lwamaphutha esici semishini ukuthi ngesikhathi sokushayela, isivinini esifakiwe siyacishwa ngokuzenzakalela. Kuyenzeka futhi lapho umshayeli ehambisa isigwedlo endaweni yesithathu yegiya, kanti eyokuqala iyabandakanyeka (okufanayo kungenzeka nangesihlanu nesithathu). Izimo ezinjalo ziyingozi ngoba esimweni sokuqala kuyisibonakaliso esicacile sokonakala kwemishini.

Esimweni sesibili, uma kungenziwanga lutho, umshayeli uzophucula ibhokisi. Lapho igiya lishintsha lisuka kwesine liya kwelesihlanu, isivinini semoto asisahambisani nesesithathu. Uma esikhundleni sesi-5, owesi-3 uvula, bese imoto yehlisa ijubane. Kulokhu, amalambu amabhuleki awasebenzi, ngoba umshayeli akawasebenzisi amabhuleki. Ngokwemvelo, imoto elandela ngemuva "ingayibamba" imoto. Kepha nasemgwaqweni ongenalutho, ukuhanjiswa kwamagiya okungafanele kuzoholela ekulayisheni ngokweqile kokudluliswa nokonakala kwaso kusenesikhathi.

Ngasizathu simbe, ukudluliswa kungavala ngokwakho:

• Izindandatho zokukhiya kuma-synchronizers seziphelile. Kulokhu, izingxenye kufanele zishintshwe.
• Amazinyo ezikhumulo zokuvumelanisa sezigugile. Ukuze kulungiswe, kuzodingeka ususe shaft yesibili bese uyiqaqa.
• Isigcini semfoloko yokushintsha sigugile noma intwasahlobo yaso iphukile. Lapho ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo kwenzeka, isamba sokugcina ibhola sishintshwa.

Amagiya angavulwa ngokungeyikho ngenxa yokuvela kokuthuthuka okokuxhumanisa (ngemininingwane yokuthi kungani isixhumanisi sidingeka ekudlulisweni, funda isihloko esihlukile). Ngenxa ye-backlash, umshayeli kufanele asuse isigwedlo se-gearshi nge-amplitude enkulu eceleni. Kwezinye izimo, ukuze kuvulwe igiya lesihlanu, abanye kufanele basuse isigwedlo ngokoqobo ngaphansi konyawo lomgibeli ohlezi eduze kwaso (into ejwayelekile ezimotweni eziningi ezifuywayo).

Ukuze uqede ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo, udinga ukushintsha i-cardan bese ulungisa i-rocker. Kwesinye isikhathi, esikhundleni sengxenye ejwayelekile, ungafaka i-analogue evela kwenye imoto. Isibonelo, abanye abanikazi be-VAZ 2108-99 balahla ihenjisi lefektri, bafake i-analogue evela ku- "Kalina" esikhundleni salokho.

Izinga lomsindo elandisiwe

Lapho ibhokisi lenza umsindo omkhulu ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwezinto zokuhamba, lokhu kungakhombisa enye yezinkinga ezilandelayo:

1. Izinga likawoyela ebhokisini lingaphansi kwezinga eliphansi. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa ukungabikho kwevolumu yoketshezi lobuchwepheshe, kepha ngaphambi kwalokho, kufanele uthole ukuthi kungani inyamalale. Uma umshini ungenayo i-dipstick yokuhlola izinga loketshezi ebhokisini (ngokwesibonelo, ukudluliswa kwe-2108 akunayo ingxenye enjalo), lapho-ke iphuzu eliyinkomba lizoba imbobo yokugcwalisa, okungukuthi, onqenqemeni lwayo olungezansi.
2. Amabhere agugile. Uma isizathu somsindo sikubo, lapho-ke ukuphepha kufanele kushintshwe.
3. I-synchronizer noma igiya eligugile kunomphumela ofanayo. Futhi zidinga ukushintshwa ngezisebenza.
4. Imiphongolo esebhokisini ihamba nge-axially. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthuthuka kwamabhere noma ukubuyela emuva kwabagcini bazo. Ngaphandle kokufaka ezinye izingxenye ezinamaphutha, lokhu kubuyela emuva akunakuqedwa nganoma iyiphi enye indlela.

Ukuvuza kukawoyela

Uma ama-drip kawoyela evela ngaphansi kwebhokisi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ebusweni bawo, kufanele unake:

• Uphawu gaskets. Zidinga ukushintshwa ezintsha.
• Izimpawu zamabhokisi. Enkambisweni yokufaka ikhafula elisha, inkosi ingakwazi ukujija ingxenye noma ingasebenzisi uwoyela engxenyeni okucijwa ngayo shaft, ngenxa yalokho unqenqema lwawo lusongwe noma lungalingani ngokuqinile endaweni oxhumana nayo yaleyo ngxenye. Uma ukuvuza kukawoyela kwenzeka ngenxa yengxenye efakwe ngokungafanele, udinga ukuxhumana nomunye uchwepheshe.
• Ukuqinisa i-pallet noma izingxenye zebhokisi. Uma ama-gaskets esanda kuguqulwa futhi kuvele ukuvuza, hlola ukuqina kwamabhawodi.
• Usebenzisa uwoyela wamagiye ongalungile. Isibonelo, imoto idinga ukuthambisa amaminerali, futhi umshayeli wemoto ugcwalise izinto zokwenziwa, ezinokuswakama okuphezulu, okungadala ukuvuza noma kumshini osanda kulungiswa.

Ungashintsha kanjani uwoyela kumishini

Ezinye izinhlobo zezimoto zesimanje azidingi ukushintsha uwoyela wokuhambisa. Lawa ikakhulukazi amabhokisi azenzakalelayo. Abakhiqizi bagcwalisa igrisi, isisetshenziswa sayo esifana nesikhathi sokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo. Kuma-mechanics, i-lubricant kufanele ishintshwe. Phambilini, isikhathi sokushintshwa sasiphakathi kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili kuya kwezintathu.

Lokhu bekungenxa yekhwalithi yesithambisi kanye nengcindezi kumshini. Namuhla, ngenxa yentuthuko entsha nazo zonke izinhlobo zezithasiselo, lesi sikhathi sikhule kakhulu.

Omakhenikha abaningi batusa ushintsho lokuvikela uwoyela ngemuva kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-80. Ngemininingwane engaphezulu ukuthi imuphi uwoyela olungele ukudluliswa, bheka okunye ukubuyekeza.

Yize ukuthunyelwa ngesandla kungaba nokungezwani okuncane, ukwakheka okuyisisekelo kuhlala kufana. Ukushintsha uwoyela wokudlulisa nakho kuyafana esimweni ngasinye. Nakhu ukulandelana lapho kwenziwa khona:

• Silungiselela iziqukathi ezingenalutho (ivolumu yebhokisi ikhonjisiwe kumadokhumenti ezobuchwepheshe ezokuthutha) ukuze ihlolwe;
• Ukugcoba kuyashintsha ngemuva kokuhamba, ngakho-ke uma imoto ibimile, kufanele ushayele kancane ngaphambi kokwenza inqubo ukuze uketshezi olukuyunithi lufudumale;
• Siqaqa ipulagi yokukhipha amanzi;
• Imfucuza ikhishelwa esitsheni esingenalutho;
• Uwoyela wamaminerali wamanzi uthelwa (lesi sinyathelo siyadingeka ezimotweni ezindala zasekhaya). Ivolumu - cishe amalitha ayi-0.7;
• Siqala injini, ayivumele igijime cishe imizuzu emihlanu ngejubane elingenzi lutho futhi ingathathi hlangothi;
• Sikhipha igrisi (lokhu kushaywa kukuvumela ukuthi ususe izinsalela zamafutha asetshenzisiwe kusuka ku-crankcase, futhi nezinhlayiya ezincane zensimbi);
• Gcwalisa igrisi entsha ngokwamazinga akhonjiswe kudipiki.

Ngemuva kwalomsebenzi, izinga lokuthambisa kumele lihlolwe lapho imoto ihambe ibanga elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Lokhu akumele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngemuva kohambo, njengoba olunye uketshezi lugcinwa kumagiya nakwezinye izingxenye zomshini. Kungcono ukuvumela imoto ime isikhashana. Lokhu kuzovumela ukuthi igrisi iqoqwe kwisump. Uma ivolumu idinga ukugcwaliswa kabusha, sebenzisa lawo mafutha agcwalisiwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, abashayeli abanolwazi bathenga i-lubricant ngesitoko.

Uma imoto enemishini ithengwa emakethe yesibili, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi ibhokisi lisebenza kahle yini kuleyo moto. Nayi ividiyo emfushane yokuthi ungayenza kanjani:

Sihlola ukudluliswa mathupha ngokwethu

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-gearbox akhona? Kunamabhokisi amabili ahlukene ngokuyisisekelo: emishini kanye ne-othomathikhi. Isigaba sesibili sihlanganisa: i-variator (ukudluliselwa okuguquguqukayo okuqhubekayo), irobhothi nomshini ozenzakalelayo.

Yini engaphakathi ku-gearbox? Ishafti yokufaka, i-output shaft, i-intermediate shaft, i-shift mechanism (amagiya), i-crankcase enepulaki yokudonsa amanzi. Irobhothi ine-clutch ephindwe kabili, umshini othomathikhi kanye ne-variator - i-torque converter.

Imuphi u-gearbox onokwethenjelwa kakhulu? I-Classic othomathikhi, ngoba inokwethenjelwa, iyagcinwa (izindleko ezingabizi zokulungisa kanye nochwepheshe abaningi abanolwazi). Izohlinzeka ngokunethezeka okungaphezu koomakhenikha.