Iyini inombolo ye-octane kaphethiloli

Lapho umshayeli engena egalaji likaphethiloli, upaka imoto yakhe esikhumulweni esithile, okukhombisa ukuthi imuphi uphethiloli ongafakwa uphethiloli kule ndawo. Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umnikazi wemoto kufanele ahlukanise phakathi kohlobo lukaphethiloli (uphethiloli, igesi noma udizili), uphethiloli unezinhlobo eziningana zemikhiqizo, ekuchazeni inombolo ethile ekhonjisiwe.

Lezi zinombolo zimelela isilinganiso se-octane sikaphethiloli. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okungafanele imoto kungaba yingozi kangakanani, udinga ukuthola ukuthi yini umehluko phakathi kwale mikhiqizo, yiziphi izinto ezithinteka yi-RH nokuthi ingalinganiswa yini ngokuzimela.

Iyini inombolo ye-octane

Ngaphambi kokuba uqonde amatemu, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi iyiphi injini esebenza ngophethiloli (ngokuningiliziwe ngenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi funda lapha). Inhlanganisela kaphethiloli womoya ovela ohlelweni lukaphethiloli ifakwa kwisilinda, lapho icindezelwa khona i-piston kaningana (kumamodeli anomjovo oqondile, umoya ucindezelwa, uphethiloli ufuthwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba inhlansi inikezwe).

Ekupheleni kokushaywa yisifo sokucindezelwa, i-BTC ishiswa yizinhlansi ezinamandla ezenziwe ngohlelo lokuthungela, okungukuthi ama-spark plugs. Ukushisa kwenhlanganisela yomoya nophethiloli kwenzeka ngokungazelelwe, ngenxa yalokho kukhishwa amandla ahloniphekile, ecindezela i-piston ohlangothini olubhekene nama-valve.

Siyazi kusuka ezifundweni ze-physics ukuthi lapho ucindezelwa kakhulu, umoya uyashisa. Uma i-BTC icindezelwe kumasilinda ngaphezu kokuba kufanele, ingxube izokhela ngokuzenzekelayo. Futhi kaningi lokhu akwenzeki lapho i-piston yenza unhlangothi ofanele. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-engine detonation.

Uma le nqubo ivame ukuvela ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, izokwehluleka ngokushesha, ngoba imvamisa ukuqhuma kwe-VTS kwenzeka ngesikhathi lapho i-piston iqala ukucindezela ingxube noma ingakaqedi unhlangothi. Okwamanje, i-KShM ibhekene nomthwalo okhethekile.

Ukulungisa le nkinga, abakhiqizi bezimoto banamuhla bahlomisa injini ngezinzwa ezizwa ukungqongqoza. Iyunithi yokulawula ngogesi ilungisa ukusebenza kohlelo lukaphethiloli ukuqeda lo mphumela. Uma ingeke isuswe, i-ECU imane icime injini bese iyivimba ukuthi ingaqali.

Kepha imvamisa inkinga ixazululwa ngokumane kukhethwe uphethiloli ofanele - okungukuthi, ngesilinganiso se-octane esifanele uhlobo oluthile lwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Inombolo esegameni lomkhiqizo kaphethiloli ikhombisa umkhawulo wokucindezela lapho ingxube izishisela khona yodwa. Ukuphakama kwenombolo, ukucindezela kakhudlwana uphethiloli kuzomelana nawo ngaphambi kokuthi uvuthe ngokuzenzekelayo.

Inani elisebenzayo lenombolo ye-octane

Kukhona ukulungiswa okuhlukile kwama-motors. Zakha izingcindezi ezahlukahlukene noma ukucindezelwa kumasilinda. Lapho i-VTS icindezelwa kanzima, imoto izokhipha amandla amaningi. Uphethiloli ophansi we-octane usetshenziswa ezimotweni ezinokucindezelwa okuphansi.

Ngokuvamile lezi izimoto ezindala. Kumamodeli wesimanje, kufakwa izinjini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ukusebenza kwazo nakho ngenxa yokucinana okuphezulu. Basebenzisa uphethiloli one-octane ephezulu. Isidingo sokungagcwalisi i-92, kodwa uphethiloli wama-95 noma wama-98 ethangini ubikwe kumadokhumenti ezobuchwepheshe emoto.

Yiziphi izinkomba ezithinta inombolo ye-octane

Lapho kwenziwa uphethiloli noma uphethiloli, uwoyela uhlukaniswa ube izingxenyana. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula (ukuhlunga nokuhlukanisa), kuvela uphethiloli omsulwa. I-RH yakhe ihambelana nama-60.

Ukuze uphethiloli usetshenziswe ezinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi, ngaphandle kokuqhuma okwenzeka kumasilinda, kunezelwa izithasiselo ezahlukahlukene kuketshezi ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphuzisa.

I-RON kaphethiloli ithonywe inani lama-hydrocarbon compounds asebenza njenge-anti-knock agent (njengaseRON izithasiselo ezikhulayo ezithengiswa kubathengisi bezimoto).

Izindlela zokunquma inombolo ye-octane

Ukunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwabashayeli bakaphethiloli okufanele balusebenzise emotweni yabo enenjini ethile, umenzi wayo uyihlola ngophethiloli oyisithenjwa. Injini ethile yomlilo yangaphakathi ifakwe esitendini. Asikho isidingo sokufaka ngokuphelele yonke injini, i-analogue eyodwa-cylinder enemingcele efanayo yanele.

Onjiniyela basebenzisa izimo ezahlukahlukene ezinemibandela ukuthola isikhathi lapho kwenzeka khona ukuqhuma. Amapharamitha we-VTS lokushisa, amandla okucindezelwa namanye amapharamitha ayashintsha lapho uphethiloli othile uzishisa khona wedwa. Ngokuya ngalokhu, kunqunywa ukuthi iyunithi kumele isebenzise uphethiloli onjani.

Inqubo yokukala ye-Octane

Akunakwenzeka ukwenza isilinganiso esinjalo ekhaya. Kukhona idivaysi enquma iyunithi yenombolo ye-octane kaphethiloli. Kodwa le ndlela ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa ngamalabhorethri obuchwepheshe ahlola izinga likaphethiloli othengiswa ezweni, ngoba inephutha elikhulu.

Ukunquma ngokunembile i-RON kaphethiloli, abenzi bemikhiqizo kaphethiloli ezimweni zelebhu basebenzisa izindlela ezimbili:

1. Inhlanganisela yomoya-uphethiloli ishisa ize ifike kuma-degree angu-150. Ifakwa emotweni, ijubane layo lilungiswe ku-900 rpm. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukuhlola uphethiloli ophansi we-octane;
2. Indlela yesibili ayinikezeli ngokushisa i-HTS. Iphakelwa isithuthuthu, isivinini saso sibekwe ku-600 rpm. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuhambisana nophethiloli, inani le-octane elidlula u-92.

Izinsimbi zokulinganisa

Yiqiniso, izindlela ezinjalo zokuhlola uphethiloli azitholakali kumshayeli ojwayelekile, ngakho-ke kufanele aneliswe ngedivayisi ekhethekile - imitha ye-octane. Imvamisa, isetshenziswa yilabo banikazi bezimoto abakhetha isiteshi sikaphethiloli abazosikhetha, kepha ukuze bangazami kuyunithi yamandla emoto ebizayo.

Isizathu salokhu kungathembani ukungathembeki kwabahlinzeki abasebenzisa uphethiloli osezingeni eliphansi noma ohlanjululwe ngenhloso yokucebisa.

Idivayisi isebenza kumgomo wezakhiwo ze-dielectric zephethiloli. Uma iphakama, inamba ye-octane izokhonjiswa yidivayisi. Ukunquma amapharamitha, uzodinga ingxenye yokulawula kaphethiloli omsulwa ngenombolo ye-octane eyaziwayo. Okokuqala, idivayisi ilinganiswa, bese kuthi uphethiloli othathwe kokugcwaliswa okuthile uqhathaniswa nesampula.

Noma kunjalo, le ndlela inenkinga enkulu. Idivayisi idinga ukulinganiswa. Kulokhu, noma ngabe i-n-heptane iyasetshenziswa (i-RON ingu-zero), noma uphethiloli onenombolo ye-octane esivele isaziwa. Ezinye izinto zithinta nokunemba kwezilinganiso.

Phakathi kwamadivayisi aziwayo ale nqubo yi-Russian OKTIS. Inokwethenjelwa futhi inembile ezilinganisweni - i-analog yangaphandle yeDigatron.

Ungalinyusa kanjani inani le-octane likaphethiloli

Ungakhuphula inani le-octane likaphethiloli uwedwa uma uthenga isengezo esenzelwe lokhu. Isibonelo sethuluzi elinjalo yiLavr Next Octane Plus. Le nto ithelwa ethangini legesi ngemuva kokufaka uphethiloli. Iyancibilika ngokushesha kuphethiloli. Ngokwezinye izilinganiso, i-ejenti inyusa inombolo ye-octane iye kumayunithi ayisithupha. Ngokusho komkhiqizi, uma imoto kufanele igijime ngophethiloli wama-98, umshayeli angagcwalisa ngokukhululekile u-92 futhi athele lesi sithasiselo ethangini.

Phakathi kwama-analogs amancane amancane, kepha futhi ukwandisa ibanga lokuvama:

• I-Astrohim Octane + (amayunithi ama-3-5);
• I-Octane + ngu-Octane Plus (yanda ngamayunithi amabili);
• Liqui Moly Octane + (kufika kumayunithi amahlanu).

Isizathu esenza abanikazi bezimoto abaningi basebenzise uphethiloli wama-92 ngezithasiselo esikhundleni se-95th noma 98th esinqunyiwe inkolelo edumile (kwesinye isikhathi engenasisekelo) yokuthi abanikazi beziteshi zegesi ngokwabo basebenzisa le ndlela.

Imvamisa, izinto ezinciphisa amathuba okuqhunyiswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi zisetshenziselwa ukukhulisa ukumelana nokuqhunyiswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Isibonelo salokhu yizixazululo eziqukethe utshwala noma i-tetraethyl lead. Uma usebenzisa isithako sesibili, khona-ke imali ekhabhoni izonqwabelana kuma-piston nama-valve.

Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala (i-ethyl noma i-methyl) kunemiphumela emibi embalwa. It buhlanjululwe kusukela isilinganiso ingxenye eyodwa ketshezi kuya izingxenye 10 uphethiloli. Njengoba labo abasebenzisa le ndlela beqinisekisa, amagesi emoto ahlanzeka futhi ukuqhuma kwezikhali akubonwa. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi notshwala bukhona "nohlangothi olumnyama" - buyi-hygroscopic, okungukuthi, buyakwazi ukumunca umswakama. Ngenxa yalokhu, kokubili ethangini nasesimisweni sophethiloli, uphethiloli uzoba nephesenti eliphakeme lomswakama, elizothinta ukusebenza kwenjini.

Ngemininingwane engaphezulu ngezithasiselo zalolu hlobo, bona ividiyo elandelayo:

Izithasiselo kuphethiloli (uphethiloli) - NGABE UDINGA? VERSION YAMI

Ungayinciphisa kanjani inombolo ye-octane

Yize izimoto zesimanje zenzelwe ukuhamba ngophethiloli ono-octane abaningi, kusenezimoto eziningi izinjini zazo ezisebenzisa izinhlobo ezingama-80 kaphethiloli kaphethiloli. Futhi lokhu akusebenzi kuphela ezimotweni zasendulo, kepha nakwezinye izimoto zesimanje, ngokwesibonelo, ogandaganda abahamba ngezinyawo noma okokusebenza okukhethekile (ama-generator kagesi).

Eziteshini ezijwayelekile zikagesi, uphethiloli onjalo awukathengiswa isikhathi eside, ngoba awenzi nzuzo. Ukuze bangashintshi inqubo, abanikazi basebenzisa indlela yokwehlisa inombolo ye-octane, ngenxa yokuthi ukusebenza kwezinjini kuguqulelwe kuzici zikaphethiloli wama-92. Nazi ezinye izindlela:

1. Abanye abantu bashiya ithini likaphethiloli livuliwe isikhathi esithile. Ngenkathi ivulekile, izithasiselo ziyahwamuka kuphethiloli. Kuyamukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi i-HR incipha ngesigamu seyunithi nsuku zonke. Izibalo zikhombisa ukuthi kuzothatha cishe amasonto amabili ukuguqula kusuka kumaki wama-92 kuya kumaki wama-80. Vele, kulokhu, udinga ukuthi uzilungiselele ukuthi ivolumu kaphethiloli yehliswe kakhulu;
2. Ukuxuba uphethiloli nophalafini. Phambilini abashayeli bezimoto bebesebenzisa le ndlela, ngoba asikho isidingo sokuchitha imali leyo imali ekhokhelwe yona. Okuwukuphela kwento ebuyayo ukuthi kunzima ukukhetha isilinganiso esifanele.

Yeka ibutho eliyingozi

Ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli ene-octane ephansi enjinini, imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe ekhombisa uhlobo oluhlukile lukaphethiloli, kungaholela ekuqhumeni. Njengoba umshini we-piston ne-crank ubhekene nomthwalo omkhulu, okungokwemvelo kwesifo esithile, izinkinga ezilandelayo zingavela nenjini:

• Amaphayiphu okushisa;
• Ukutubeka nokukhubazeka kwama-piston;
• Ukuguqulwa kwezinduku zokuxhuma;
• Ukushisa ngokweqile kwemoto kanye nemiphumela emibi ehambisanayo.

Lezi ngezinye zezizathu zokuthi kungani injini kungafanele ivunyelwe ukuthi isebenzise uphethiloli ophansi we-octane.

Ekuphetheni - ividiyo eyodwa ngaphezulu eqenjini:

UKUNGQONGQA - INDLELA YOKUNQUMA NOKUVIKELA ISITUTHI

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Imuphi uphethiloli onesilinganiso esiphezulu se-octane? Ikakhulukazi izimoto zezemidlalo zibaswa ngophethiloli onjalo. Uphethiloli oholayo uyi-octane ephakeme kakhulu (140). Okulandelayo kuza ngaphandle kokuhola - 109.

Isho ukuthini inombolo ye-octane kaphethiloli 92? Lokhu ukumelana nokuqhunyiswa kukaphethiloli (kukuphi izinga lokushisa okhela ngalo ngokuzenzakalelayo). I-OCH 92 noma enye isungulwa ngaphansi kwezimo zaselabhorethri.

Indlela yokunquma inombolo ye-octane kaphethiloli? Ezimweni zaselabhorethri, lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-1-cylinder motor. Ukusebenza kwayo kuphethiloli kuqhathaniswa nokusebenza kwingxube ye-isooctane ne-N-heptane.