Yini ukuphela, futhi yiziphi izinhlobo zamatheminali ebhethri

Kuyini ukugcina

A ukuphela uhlobo lwemidlalo. Inhloso yawo ukuhlinzeka ukuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kwamaphethelo womphetho kagesi komunye nomunye noma emthonjeni wamandla. Ngokuphathelene nezimoto, kuvame ukubizwa ngamatheminali ebhethri.

Zenziwe ngezinsimbi ngokunyuka kwamanje kokuqhutshwa kwamanje. Ukuzinza kwe-elekthronikhi kuncike kwikhwalithi yalezi zinto. Ngenxa yokuvezwa njalo komswakama emoyeni, angakwazi ukukhiqiza.

Yimaphi amatheminali akhona nokuthi uwavikela kanjani ku-oxidation?

Imisebenzi

Naphezu kokulula kokuklama, indawo yokugcina ibhethri idlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lukagesi lwemoto. Ikuvumela ukuthi unike amandla noma yimuphi umthengi ngebhethri. Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezimoto, kusetshenziswa ukuguqulwa okuhlukile kwamatheminali, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri ahlukene.

Amatheminali amaningi akhiwe ngamabhawodi. Lolu khetho lunikeza ukuxhumana okuhlala isikhathi eside phakathi kwezintambo nebhethri, okuqeda amathuba okuba nenhlansi noma ukushisa ngokweqile ngenxa yokuxhumana okungalungile.

Izinhlobo zesiginali

Izinhlobo zamatheminali ebhethri zincike ku:

• ubusika bebhethri;
• imidwebo yokufaka;
• izinhlobo zokuxhuma;
• izinto zokwakha.

Ubuningi bebhethri

Amabhethri ezimoto ahlinzeka ngezamanje. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka ubumbano lapho kuxhuma isekethe sikagesi. Oxhumana naye "+" akakwazi ukuxhunyaniswa ngqo ne - "-".

Kumabhethri ezimoto, oxhumana nabo batholakala ezinhlangothini ezahlukene zecala. Izinhlobo zamaloli zifakwe oxhumana nabo ohlangothini olulodwa. Onke amabhethri ahlukile endaweni yoxhumana nabo bokukhipha.

• I-polarity eqondile. Amabhethri anjalo afakwe kwimikhiqizo yezimoto ezifuywayo. Kuzo, ukuxhumana okuhle kungakwesobunxele, futhi ukuxhumana okungekuhle kungakwesokudla (Fig. 1 no-4).
• Reverse polarity. Ezimotweni zakwamanye amazwe, okuhlukile ngokuhlukile (uma kuqhathaniswa nokuguqulwa kwangaphambilini) kusetshenziswa ilungiselelo loxhumana nabo (Umdwebo 0 no-3).

Kwamanye amabhethri, ama-terminals axhunywe ngokulandelana. Oxhumana nabo bokuqina bangaba baqonde, noma bagobe ohlangothini (ukuvimbela ukuthintana ngengozi). Nakisisa ukwakheka kwabo uma usebenzisa ibhethri elinesikhala esilinganiselwe eduze koxhumana nabo (i-Fig. Europe).

Umdwebo wokuxhuma

Umdwebo wiring ovame kakhulu wohlelo lukagesi uvela phezulu kwebhethri. Ukuvimbela umshayeli ngengozi kudida ubumbano nokusaphaza imishini, othintana nabo emabhethri bane-diameter ezahlukene. Kulokhu, lapho uxhuma izintambo, umnikazi wemoto ngeke akwazi ngisho nokubeka i-terminal koxhumana naye ophumayo webhethri.

Lapho uthenga imoto phesheya, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi ibhethri lingelaseYurophu (hhayi elase-Asia). Uma i-terminal ebhethri elinjalo ihluleka (i-oxidize noma ikhefu), kuzoba nzima ukuthola enye esikhundleni sayo, nebhethri kuzodingeka lishintshwe.

Lezi zinhlobo zamabhethri zingaba ngosayizi ohlukile ngakho-ke azifanele ukufakwa egumbini lenjini yemoto. Ngakho-ke, izimoto zemakethe yase-Asia azithengiswa esifundeni sethu futhi ngokufanayo.

Isimo nobukhulu bamatheminali

Ngaphambi kokuthenga ama-terminals amasha, udinga ukunaka ukuma koxhumana nabo bebhethri. Iningi lamabhethri ezimoto athengiswa emazweni e-CIS afakwe oxhumana nabo abakha isigaxa. Ngokwemvelo, i-terminal imbala kuleli cala izoba nendawo encane yokuxhumana. Ngenxa yalokhu, isekethe likagesi liphukile ngenxa yenhlanganisela ene-oxidized.

Abanye oxhumana nabo bebhethri bane-bolt-on terminal (izinketho zamaloli) noma i-screw terminal (ejwayelekile eNyakatho Melika). Kufanele unake lokhu lapho uthenga imoto kumasayithi e-Intanethi aseMelika.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi umshayeli wemoto uthenge imoto enoxhumano lwebhethri olungajwayelekile, ungathenga i-adaptha ekhethekile yokugcina noma ukuguqulwa kokuzibamba.

Izinto zokwakha

Ngaphezu komumo kanye nohlobo lwengxenye ye-clamping, amatheminali ebhethri enziwe ngezinto ezahlukene. Ipharamitha eyisihluthulelo okukhethwa ngayo impahla amandla emishini, ukuqhutshwa kukagesi kanye nokumelana ne-oxidation. Cabanga ngezinto ezithandwa kakhulu okuvela kuzo ama-terminals, nezici zawo.

Amatheminali okuhola

Ngokuvamile, amatheminali okuhola ahlinzekwa ngebhethri lemoto. Isici sabo sisesilinganisweni sekhwalithi yentengo. Lesi sici simelana nokucindezeleka kwemishini. Uma kuqhathaniswa nethusi nethusi, umthofu une-conductivity kagesi ephansi.

Ububi obukhulu bomthofu indawo yawo encibilikayo ephansi. Kodwa i-terminal eyenziwe ngale nsimbi izosebenza njenge-fuse eyengeziwe. Uma ngokuzumayo isifunda esifushane sakha ohlelweni, impahla izoncibilika, inqamule isifunda sikagesi.

Ukuze ama-terminals angafaki i-oxidize kakhulu futhi abe nokusebenza okuphezulu, uxhumano oluboshiwe luphathwa nge-compound ekhethekile. Ezinye izinhlobo zamatheminali zisebenzisa amaphiko ethusi.

Amatheminali ethusi

Amatheminali e-Brass amelana nomswakama. Kulula ukuzifaka. Afakwe ibhawodi namantongomane (noma iwundlu) angafaki oxidize isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalezi zinzuzo, ithusi ine-drawback ephawulekayo. Le nto iyipulasitiki impela, ngakho-ke ayibekezeleli imithwalo emikhulu yemishini. Uma uqinisa inathi kakhulu, itheminali izokhubazeka kalula futhi iphuke ngokushesha.

Amatheminali ethusi

Lena enye yezinhlobo ezibiza kakhulu zamatheminali. Emabhethri asendulo, ithusi alivamile ukusetshenziswa, ngoba izakhiwo zethusi noma umthofu zanele (into eyinhloko ukunakekela kahle lezi zindawo zokugcina). Isizathu sezindleko eziphakeme zezingxenye ezinjalo yinkimbinkimbi yenqubo yokukhipha insimbi. Kodwa uma umnikazi wemoto ethenga amatheminali ethusi ebhethri lakhe, lezi zakhi zizokwenza kube lula ukuqala injini ebusika futhi ngeke i-oxidize.

Emakethe yezingxenye zezimoto, akuvamile ukuthola amatheminali ensimbi ane-copper-plated. Lokhu akufani nozakwethu wethusi. Le nketho inokusebenza okubi kakhulu. Ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa ama-terminals anjalo ngezindleko zawo: imikhiqizo eyenziwe yethusi ngokuphelele izobiza kakhulu.

Ubukhulu nokusebenziseka kwamatheminali ebhethri

Ukuze umnikazi wemoto ongenalwazi angahlanganisi amatheminali ngephutha lapho enqamula / exhuma ibhethri, abakhiqizi bebhethri benza isiqiniseko sokuthi anobubanzi obuhlukene.

Kunamatheminali amabili ajwayeleke kakhulu emakethe:

• Izinga laseYurophu (Uhlobo 1). Kulokhu, i-terminal eqondile inobubanzi obungamamilimitha angu-19.5, kanti i-terminal negative inobubanzi obuyi-17.9 mm.
• Izinga lase-Asia (Uhlobo 3). Ububanzi bamatheminali anjalo ku-positive ngu-12.7, kanti kwe-negative - 11.1 mm.

Ngaphezu kobubanzi, ipharamitha ebalulekile yamatheminali ezimoto ingxenye yesiphambano sezintambo ezihloselwe zona. Amatheminali ajwayelekile aklanyelwe isigaba esiphambanayo samamilimitha-skwele ayi-8 kuye kwayi-12. Ngezintambo ezinengxenye yesiphambano eyandayo, amatheminali akhethekile azodingeka.

Imaphi amatheminali okufanele uwakhethe?

Inketho elula ukuthenga uhlobo lwama-terminals afakwe emotweni efektri. Kulokhu, ngeke kube nezinkinga zokufaka.

Uma kudingekile ukufaka esikhundleni sezindawo ezijwayelekile ngenxa yokungasebenzi kwazo, khona-ke kungcono ukukhetha uhlobo oluholayo. Zizobiza kancane, futhi ngokwamandla zingcono kunezinye zethusi nezethusi.

Izethusi zilungile ngoba zixhuma kancane futhi zingaboshwa ngokuqinile. Kodwa-ke, kunzima kakhulu ukuzithola futhi kuzobiza i-oda lobukhulu ngaphezulu.

Kungani amatheminali ebhethri enza i-oxidize?

Kunezizathu ezimbalwa zalo mphumela. Ngakho-ke, amatheminali ebhethri angakwazi ukwenza i-oxidize ngenxa yokwephulwa kokuqina kwekesi yebhethri. Futhi, lokhu kungasebenzi kahle kwenzeka uma ibhethri libila noma likhuphuka ukuhwamuka endaweni yokukhipha igesi.

Lapho umhwamuko we-electrolyte uphuma ebhethrini, uyaminyana kumatheminali, yingakho kuvela okumhlophe kuwo. Kuholela ekuthinteni okungalungile, ukushisa kwe-terminal nezinye izinkinga ezihlobene.

Ukwephulwa kokuqina kwebhethri (phakathi kwekhondatha ephansi nekesi) kuvame kakhulu ezinkethweni zebhajethi. Uma ama-microcracks evela ku-case yebhethri, kufanele asuswe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka (ungasebenzisa isibhamu esivamile seglue, kodwa ungalokothi usebenzise isomisi sezinwele zokwakha, i-solder iron, njll.)

Kumabhethri abiza kakhulu, indawo yegesi kanye nengxenye ye-conductive itholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zekesi yebhethri, ngenxa yokuthi ama-electrolyte vapors akhishwa ngokukhululekile ebhethri ngesikhathi sokubilisa, kodwa ungafinyeleli kumatheminali.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani i-oxidation?

Kungakhathalekile okokusebenza, wonke ama-terminals maduzane noma kamuva azoqala ukufaka i-oxidize. Le yinqubo yemvelo lapho insimbi ivezwa emoyeni oswakeme. Ngenxa yokuthintana okungalungile ebhetri ohlelweni lukagesi lomshini, kungenzeka ukuqhuma kwamandla kagesi abukhali (lo mphumela wenzeka lapho kuvuselelwa amandla kagesi futhi kuvame ukuhambisana nokugoqa). Ukuvimbela imishini ebizayo ukuthi yehluleke, kuyadingeka ukuthi usebenze njalo oxhumana nabo kuma-terminals.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi uzikhiphe ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ususe i-plaque ngaphakathi kwama-crimps. Le nqubo kufanele yenziwe noma ngabe imoto isegaraji eyomile, ngoba ukwakheka koqwembe kungadalwa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali lapho izingxenye zifudunyezwa futhi zivezwa ugesi.

Abanye abashayeli benza le nqubo ngokuxegisa kancane imishudo yokulungisa bese bevula indawo yokugcina oxhumana naye uqobo kaningi. Lezi zinyathelo zizosiza ukubuyisa amandla, kepha amaseli okuhola azoqala ukusebenza ngendlela engajwayelekile. Kungcono kakhulu ukuhlanza oxhumana nabo ngezinsipho ezimbozwe ngotshwala.

Ngakho-ke, izikhungo zebhethri ziyinto elula kepha ebalulekile yesekethe kagesi yemoto. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokufakwa okufanele, bazoqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwayo yonke imishini yomshini.

Ungayisusa kanjani kahle bese uyifaka kumatheminali avela kubhethri, bona ividiyo elandelayo:

Yikuphi ukuphela kwebhethri okufanele kususwe i-FIRST? Futhi-ke - faka i-FIRST?

Ungasusa kanjani i-terminal oxidation?

Umshayeli ngamunye ulwa nalo mphumela ngendlela yakhe. Kukhona abahlanza amatheminali abahlukahlukene abasusa i-plaque kubo. Abanye abanikazi bezimoto basebenzisa i-sandpaper ukwenza indawo yokuxhumana yamatheminali ishelele ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo yokuxhumana ephezulu.

Esikhundleni se-sandpaper, ungathenga ithuluzi lokuhlanza ukuphela. Leli ithuluzi elikhethekile elimise okwekhoni (elibizwa nangokuthi i-scraper noma ibhulashi letheminali) elinebhulashi elincane elikuvumela ukuthi ugaye ngokulinganayo indawo othintana nayo kukhondatha ephansi.

Ngemuva kokusebenzisa ithuluzi, imfucumfucu ewumphumela kufanele iqoqwe ngokucophelela, futhi ikesi yebhethri igezwe ngesisombululo sesoda (inciphisa i-asidi ecaleni lebhethri).

Kungani amatheminali ebhethri eshisa?

Lo mphumela ungokwemvelo kuma-elementi e-conductive angathintani kahle. Isiqephu sokuxhumana esincishisiwe phakathi kwe-conductor ephansi kanye netheminali ingase ibe ngenxa yesinye salezi zizathu ezilandelayo:

1. Itheminali ayiboshiwe kahle (ivame ukubonwa lapho kunqanyulwa / kuxhunywa ibhethri nsuku zonke ngaphandle kokuqinisa amabhawodi afakwayo);
2. Ukuguqulwa kwamakhondatha aphansi noma amatheminali ngenxa yokusebenza okungalungile;
3. Ukungcola kuye kwavela endaweni yokuthintana yamatheminali noma amakhondakta aphansi (ngokwesibonelo, ane-oxidized).

Amatheminali ayashisa ngenxa yokumelana okuphezulu phakathi kwawo namakhondatha aphansi ngenxa yokungathintani kahle. Lo mphumela ubonakala ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwe-motor, ngoba amandla aqalayo aphezulu adlula izintambo. Ukuze unqobe ukuntuleka kokuxhumana, amanye amandla asetshenziswa, okuthinta ngokushesha ukusebenza komqali. Uma uqalisa injini, ngisho nebhethri elisha, isiqalisi singase sijikeleze ngokuvilapha.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ithola isiqalo samandla amancane. Ukuqeda lo mphumela, kwanele ukuhlanza ama-conductor aphansi kanye namatheminali ekungcoleni noma ukuqeda ukuguqulwa. Uma itheminali ikhubazekile, kungcono ukuyishintsha ufake entsha.

Ingabe amatheminali ebhethri adinga ukugcotshwa?

Amatheminali agcotshisiwe ukuze avikeleke kumswakama kanye nomhwamuko we-electrolyte. Kulesi simo, ingxenye yangaphandle yamatheminali iyacutshungulwa, hhayi indawo yokuxhumana. Isizathu siwukuthi akumele kube khona udaba lwangaphandle phakathi kwe-down conductor nengaphakathi lamatheminali.

Eqinisweni, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuthintana kuyanyamalala ngesikhathi se-oxidation - amafomu e-plaque phakathi kwezinto eziqhubayo. Ukugcoba endaweni yokuxhumana kudala umphumela ofanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke ama-terminal lubricant awanawo ama-conductive. Ngalesi sizathu, amatheminali acutshungulwa ngemva kokuba eboshelwe ngokuvikelekile kumakhondatha ebhethri aphansi.

Elinye iphuzu okufanele licatshangelwe. Uma i-terminal i-oxidized, akusizi ngalutho ukuyigcoba - kufanele uqale ususe i-plaque. Ukugcotshwa kuvimbela ukukhishwa kwe-oxidation okusheshayo kwamatheminali, kodwa akuqedisi i-plaque ewumphumela.

Yiziphi izindlela ongazisebenzisa ukuvikela amatheminali amabhethri emoto?

Izindlela zesimanje zokuvimbela i-oxidation yamatheminali zinconywa njengesivikelo esengeziwe (isibonelo, uma kungenakwenzeka ukushintsha ngokushesha ibhethri eliqhekekile). Izinto ezinjalo zingabiza imali ehloniphekile. Ngaphambilini, abashayeli basebenzisa i-LITOL24 noma enye into yokuthambisa kulokhu, into eyinhloko ukuthi ibe nkulu.

Nansi imikhiqizo edumile engasetshenziswa ukugcoba amatheminali ebhethri namuhla:

1. I-Molykote HSC Plus
2. I-Liqui Molu Batterie-Pol-Fett 7643
3. I-Vmpauto MC1710.

Ngayinye yalezi zindlela inempahla yokuvimbela umoya ukuthi ungathintani nobuso bamatheminali. Kodwa futhi banezinkinga:

1. Okokuqala, amafutha aqoqa inani elikhulu lokungcola kuwo ngokwawo.
2. Okwesibili, ngeke kusebenze ukuphatha ibhethri futhi uhlale unezandla ezihlanzekile.
3. Okwesithathu, uma kunesidingo sokususa ibhethri, khona-ke ngemva kokuyifaka, ama-terminals kufanele acutshungulwe futhi (futhi ngaphambi kwalokho, izindawo zokuxhumana kufanele zihlanzwe kahle ezinsalela zento).
4. Okwesine, eminye imikhiqizo ipakishwa ngezingxenye ezincane futhi iyabiza.

Indlela yokushintsha itheminali yebhethri

Ngaphambi kokushintsha amatheminali, kufanele usethe uhlobo lwawo. Njengoba sekushiwo, amabhethri angaba uhlobo lwaseYurophu noma lwase-Asia. Ngayinye yazo idinga amatheminali ayo (ahluke ngosayizi).

Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukunaka ingxenye yesiphambano sezintambo kanye nenani lezintambo ezixhunywe ku-terminal. Ekucushweni okuyisisekelo kwemoto yesabelomali, zimbalwa izintambo ezinjalo (eyodwa noma ezimbili kutheminali ngayinye), kodwa ezinye izinto zokusebenza zingadinga indawo eyengeziwe yokufaka phezu kwezindlu zetheminali, okufanele futhi kucatshangelwe.

Okulandelayo, impahla yokukhiqiza iyakhethwa. Lokhu kushiyelwa ekuboneni komshayeli futhi kuncike emandleni akhe kwezezimali.

Ngemuva kokuthi amatheminali afanelekile akhethiwe, ukuxhuma kwawo ezintanjeni kuncike ohlotsheni lomkhiqizo. Inketho enokwethenjelwa kakhulu ukuxhumana okuboshiwe, hhayi i-crimp. Ngaphambi kokubopha amatheminali kuma-conductor webhethri, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza ngokuphelele indawo yokuxhumana futhi, uma kunesidingo, susa ungqimba oluvikelayo ngaphakathi.

Ividiyo ngesihloko

Sengiphetha - ividiyo emfushane mayelana nohlobo olukhethekile lwamatheminali emoto enza kube lula ukuxhuma / ukunqamula ibhethri:

Lama TERMINAL Ebhethri KUMELE ABE KUYO YONKE IMOTO

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Itheminali isetshenziselwa ini? Ikuvumela ukuthi uxhume ngokushesha futhi ngokuthembekile izintambo. Asetshenziswa lapho kulungiswa izintambo zikagesi noma lapho kuxhunywa amadivaysi, isibonelo, ukunika amandla isistimu ebhethrini.

Isebenza kanjani itheminali? Isimiso silula kakhulu. Umzimba wokugcina wenziwe nge-dielectric, kanti ingxenye yokuxhumana yenziwe ngensimbi. Uma izintambo zixhunywe emthonjeni wamandla, i-current idluliselwa ngetheminali.

Imaphi amabhlogo wetheminali akhona? Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: isikulufu kanye nesikulufa. Okokuqala, izintambo ziboshwe endlini nge-bolt noma ziboshwe ku-terminal (isibonelo, uma zixhunywe ebhethri), okwesibili - nge-latch.