ISedan - hlobo luni lwezimoto nokuthi ziyizinhlobo ezinjani

Njengoba esezimisele ukuyothenga eyakhe imoto, into yokuqala umshayeli ayinakayo ukuma komzimba. Akungabazeki ukuthi imoto kufanele "ivuse ukubabazeka phakathi kwabo bonke abantu obajwayele," kodwa okubekwa phambili kuqala kunikezwa ukuhambisana kwenhloso yemoto, hhayi intela kwezemfashini. Mhlawumbe yingakho abathengisi abazimele bahlala bekhetha i-sedan. Yize imigqa ecacile yale ncazelo okwamanje ingabonakali kahle, izici eziyinhloko zihlala. Futhi yiziphi - lesi sihloko sizokutshela. 

Ekudidekeni okuvele eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lomzimba lolu noma leyo modeli eyingxenye yalo. Futhi ukuze ungaphazami ngokukhetha, umnikazi wesikhathi esizayo kufanele azijwayeze ngemininingwane eningiliziwe ekhanyisa ithonya lesakhiwo semoto kumapharamitha asemzimbeni, futhi ngenxa yalokho - kumathuba.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kokungena kwayo emakethe yezimoto, i-sedan ihlala iyimodeli efunwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, yize umthengi waseYurophu enezintandokazi zakhe. Ngeke siphikelele ekutheni lesi yisinqumo esingcono kakhulu, ngoba isitatimende esinjalo asilungile maqondana nabakhiqizi abaningi bezimoto zikanokusho, ezemidlalo noma ezincane.

Inani elikhulu kakhulu lokuthengiswa kwezimoto ezingama-sedan kwenzeka eRussia nasemazweni ayengaphansi kweSoviet Union. Futhi njengoba izibalo zango-2019 zikhombisile, iTesla Model 3 sedan yaba yinguqulo yezimoto ezidayiswa kakhulu emhlabeni. Umlando walo mzimba ukhuluma ngokwenyuka naphezulu, noma kunjalo, usakwazi ukuhlala emazingeni aphezulu esilinganiso.

Iphuzu, kungenzeka kakhulu, lisebenza, kepha ukuthi liqukethe ini futhi yini umehluko emzimbeni wokuqhafaza - ake sibhekisise.

Yini i-sedan

Kuhlobo lwakudala, umzimba we-sedan unamavolumu amathathu abukwayo, okungukuthi, ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu ezichazwe ngokucacile: i-hood yenjini, ikhabini lomshayeli nabagibeli, kanye nesiqu esihlukile semithwalo. Izinzuzo eziphambili zemoto yalolu hlobo zifaka:

• ukubukeka okucocekile futhi ngasikhathi sinye okunesitayela, ikakhulukazi kumbala ofashisayo;

• izimo ezikahle e-salon yabantu abadala abane;

• ukuhlukaniswa okuhlobene nomsindo wezimoto;

• ukufudumala okusheshayo kwegumbi lomgibeli ngenxa yokwehlukaniswa nesiqu;

• ukungabikho kwephunga langaphandle egumbini lemithwalo.

Ekuqaleni, umzimba we-sedan onyathelwe unikezwe ngophahla olucabalele kulo lonke ubude bekhabhathi nensika engu-B esekelayo evikela umnyango wangemuva ekugoqeni. Ubude isiqu sedans lokuqala (kusukela 50s kuya 80s of the century of the century) akuzange kwehluke ubukhulu hood, onobuhle yesimanje gumbi imithwalo ngandlela-thile. 

Yize izimoto zaseMelika, eseziphenduke inganekwane, zisenza umxhwele:

AmaSedan yizimoto ezinezicabha ezine ezinemiugqa emibili yezihlalo. Eyesibili, uma ifunwa futhi "inesayizi elincane", ingahlalisa abantu abadala abathathu noma, kungenjalo, abadala ababili nengane. Njengamanje, ungathola amakhophi aneminyango eyisithupha emzimbeni ohlanganisiwe, obizwa nge- "limousines". 

Umlando womzimba weSedan

Indlela igama imodeli uqobo - - akekho nakanjani khumbula. Enye yezinguqulo isikisela ukuthi ivela egameni le-palanquin - isilula esivaliwe esinezibambo nesihlalo (kusuka kuma-Latin sedes), lapho abantu abadumile bebelokhu "bezungeza" kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. 

Ngokwenye inkolelo-mbono, igama lomzimba lanikezwa ukuhlonipha iSedan, idolobha laseFrance, elisemngceleni weBelgium futhi elidume ngokwakhiwa kwamakalishi emigwaqo entofontofo. Kamuva, ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX, ekuqaleni komkhakha wezimoto eziningi, kwaqhamuka izimoto zokuqala nohlobo lomboko - ibhokisi lokhuni elikhishwayo elihlanganiswe namabhande ngemuva kwegumbi labagibeli epulatifomu elincane. Manje egumbini imithwalo evezwe isibe ingxenye umile isakhiwo.

Kusukela ekuqaleni, umzimba bewuhluke kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo ngokuba khona kophahla oluqinile olungaguquguquki, olwagqama phakathi evulekile (noma embozwe ngophahla lwendwangu olususekayo) ama-salon / izivakashi, ama-roadsters nama-phaeton. Kodwa lo mzuzu awuzange ube yinzuzo yemoto ngokushesha. Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi amafreyimu ezimoto zokuqala ayenziwe ngokhuni, okwandisa kakhulu isisindo sonke.

Ngokwethulwa kwezindikimba zensimbi ekukhiqizeni ekuqaleni kwawo-30s kwekhulu elidlule, okwenze kwaba lula kakhulu ezimotweni, ama-sedan aqala masinyane ukukhuphuka kwesitebhisi sempumelelo, evikela isikhundla sawo kumanqamu avelayo nezinqola zesiteshi. Kuyiqiniso, bekungekho ngaphandle kokufakwa ekulweni nama-hardtops aseMelika, okwathatha isikhundla sesikhashana esifushane ngomklamo ongajwayelekile. Kepha laba bokugcina, ngaphandle kokuphuma okumangazayo, maduze baphelelwa ngumdla womphakathi, ababekhetha ukuphepha kwesedan, enikezwe amafreyimu amafasitela omnyango nensika engu-B. Babengekho ezindaweni zokugcina izinto.

I-hatchback eyavela emakethe ngasikhathi sinye yenza umncintiswano omkhulu. Amafomu amasha ane-overhang efinyeziwe engemuva, ubukhulu obuncishisiwe kanye namandla okuphatha aphezulu azuze ingxenye enkulu yabashayeli. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba we-sedan kwakudingeka unikele ngokuncintisana kokunye kokuhluka kwawo kohlu - inguqulo eneminyango emibili. Manje uye waba yilungelo le-hatchback ngokuphelele.

Okwamanje, yize inamandla amakhulu esigabeni samanani aphakathi, i-sedan kumele ibheke ngokuthandwa kwama-SUV nama-crossovers. Yize le ngxenye ifunwa iklayenti elicebile.

Isidingo somzimba we-sedan sichazwe yizikhundla eziningi zokuwina:

• ngenkathi yasekwindla-ebusika, ingaphakathi lifudumala ngokushesha, ngenxa yokuzihlukanisa ne-hood nesiqu;

• indawo evulekile yemithwalo ayikuthinti ukulahleka kokushisa endlini;

• iwindi elingemuva ngenxa "yomsila" ohlangene awudalulwa kangako ekungcoleni;

• ukubonakala okuvela egumbini lomgibeli kuyathuthukiswa ngenxa yamawindi we-panoramic.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amamodeli wanamuhla anikezwe imishini yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu futhi akhiqizwa ngezixazululo zokwakha ezithakazelisayo.

Emazweni ahlukene, umzimba we-sedan ubizwa ngokuhlukile. Ngomsindo wethu ojwayelekile, igama elithi Sedan lisetshenziswa emazweni amaningi aseYurophu: iPortugal, iDenmark, iPoland, iTurkey, iCzech Republic, iSweden, njll, kanye neMelika. EJalimane, zonke izimoto ezivaliwe zibizwa ngeLimousine, kanti abaseJapan nabaseBrithani basebenzisa igama elithi Saloon kaningi.

Izinhlobo sedans

Lapho kubhekene nokuncintisana okuqhubekayo emakethe, abakhiqizi bezimoto abaningi benza imigilingwane, badlala ngezinhlobo zemikhiqizo yendabuko bese bezivumelanisa nezindinganiso zomzimba ezifunwa kakhulu ngumthengi. Ukuze kugcinwe isundu, i-sedan nayo kufanele ivumelane nemfashini yezimoto. Cabanga ngazo zonke izinketho ezitholakalayo namuhla.

ISedan yakudala

Uyehluka ngezimpawu eziyinhloko ezishiwoyo: imiqulu emithathu ebonakalayo, enikeza umzimba umumo onyathelwe; ukuphakama okufanayo kophahla ngaphezu kwegumbi lomgibeli; ubukhona bensika emaphakathi, obubambe ngokuqinile umzimba nezicabha zangemuva kusuka ku-skewing; izihlalo ezine ezigcwele ngosayizi (ezinesifiso esinamandla, singakwazi ukuhlalisa abantu abahlanu).

Imakethe yasekhaya imelwe yimikhiqizo iMoskvich 412, VAZ 2101 (Zhiguli), GAZ-24 (Volga).

Isisekelo eside

Isithombe sikhombisa ikhophi engajwayelekile yaseSoviet ye- "Seagull" GAZ-14 emzimbeni wesigungu esiphezulu sombala we-cherry (enwetshelwe ku-611,4 cm), eyethulwe nguL. UBrezhnev, uNobhala Jikelele weKomidi Elikhulu leCPSU, ngokuhlonipha usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa. Umhlangano wesandla waqedwa ekupheleni kuka-1976 futhi kwavula indlela yokukhiqiza okuncane kusuka ngo-1977 kuya ku-1988.

I-GAZ-14 sedan ekukhiqizweni kwayo ibinokukhishwa okulinganiselwe, isiyonke, kushiye umugqa womhlangano kuphela izimoto eziyi-1114. Umlando uyigcinile i- "X-ray" (edwetshwe ngumklami uV. N Nosakov), ekhombisa ngokuningiliziwe isethi ephelele yezimoto nesalon enezicabha ezine, amafasitela amathathu nemigqa emibili yezihlalo zikanokusho ngaleso sikhathi. 

Izihlalo zikude kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunesikhala esikhululekile esikhulu kule ndlwana. Imodeli ibingadlula kalula nge-limousine uma ibinokwahlukanisa ingilazi okuvela kokugcina, kwehlukanisa isihlalo nomshayeli ezihlalweni zabagibeli.

Iminyango emibili

Okwamanje ayemukelekile ukukhuluma ngama-sedans aneminyango emibili, lesi sici ngasinye manje sesamanye amamodeli. Futhi ekuqaleni kokwenyuka kwabo, kwakuyizicabha ezimbili, manje eziphelelwe yisikhathi iZaporozhets (ZAZ), iSkoda Tudor noma i-Opel Ascona C, ezisatholakala emgwaqweni, zifunwa kakhulu. 

I-Opel Rekord A (ngakwesobunxele esithombeni) kanye ne- "Volga" (ngakwesokudla) bake bathandwa, okungathi kumuntu ongenalwazi kubonakale njengamawele, uma kungenjalo ukuba khona kweminyango emine kusampula le-GAZ.

Ama-sedan aneminyango emibili abe nesasasa elikhulu kubasebenzi abahola kancane njengoba ebedayiswa ngamanani entando yeningi. Uhlobo lokuqala lweminyango emibili yaseMelika iChevrolet Delray lwavela ngo-1958.

Esikhathini sesigaba samanje, kuyisiko ukudlulisela umzimba wokuqhafaza ezakhiweni ezineminyango emi-2. Kodwa-ke futhi, i-coupe nayo ingaba neminyango emine, futhi yize ibukeka njengemidlalo, i-fastback crossover, abaningi bayibiza ngokuthi "i-coupe enezicabha ezine."

Umzimba wehardtop

Ukuvela kwesampula "engasekho", esake sangenela ukuncintisana nomholi wezokuthengisa, kuhleleke ngendlela efanayo nezinga leSedan, yize linehaba kakhulu.

Ama-Hardtops ngokuvamile abizwa ngeminyango emine (kwesinye isikhathi eneminyango emibili) eyangena emakethe yaseMelika eminyakeni yama-50s - 80s. ngesikhundla sayo ekuhlukanisweni kwamamodeli. Yize ukufana kwangaphandle kuzici eziyisisekelo ngeSedan, izimoto zalolu hlobo zinokuhlukahluka okuningana, futhi kunamaphutha amaningi:

• ukungabi bikho kwensika yakwa-B kunciphise kakhulu ukuphepha futhi kuphoqeleke ukusebenzisa imoto kuphela emigwaqeni ekahle;

• ngisho nohlaka lohlaka aluzange lulondoloze isithunzi somzimba, ngoba ngaphandle kwesikhungo esiyinhloko ukusekelwa komzimba kwancipha;

• amafasitela asemaceleni angenacala angenele ukubukwa okubanzi, kepha njengoba evame ukuhlala ehlisiwe, akwenze kwaba lula ngabangeneli ukuthi bangene empahleni yomunye ngenxa yokweba;

• ukwahlukanisa umsindo ekamelweni lalingekho;

• ikhwalithi yamabhande afakwe ngqo ophahleni lwegumbi lomgibeli ishiye kakhulu ukuthandeka.

Inani eliphakeme lokuthengiswa kwe-hardtop sedan lafika ngeminyaka yama-60s yekhulu elidlule, ngemuva kwalokho intshisekelo yomphakathi yaqala ukuphela.

I-Notchback

Leli cishe elinye igama le-sedan enezicabha ezine enamabhokisi amathathu, evame ukusetshenziswa eJapan naseMelika. Abantu abahlukene babhabhadise imodeli ngendlela yabo. AbaseBrithani / abaseBrithani bayibiza ngokuthi iSaloon. AmaFulentshi, amaRomania, amaNtaliyane - "iBerlin".

AbaseBrithani nabaseMelika babiza izinhlobo ezineminyango emi-4 zakwaSedan ngokuthi “iFordor”, nezinhlobo ezineminyango emi-2 - “iTudor” noma “iKoch”. Yebo, iYurophu inemiqondo yayo, kubo i-notchback yilokho ebesikucabanga njengokubuyiselwa emuva noma ukuphazamiseka.

Umzimba we-Liftback  

Sizuze njengefa eminyango eyi-sedan 4, nokufana okufanayo, kepha kufushaniswe kancane ngemuva. Uphahla olungaphezulu kwekhabini lucishe lube ukuphakama okufanayo, kodwa lugelezela kahle esiqwini esidonsa amehlo, kunezihlalo ezi-4 kule ndlwana.

Yilapho ukufana, mhlawumbe, kuphela, ezinye izimfanelo zihlobene kakhulu ne-liftback nge-hatchback noma inqola yesiteshi. Igumbi lomthwalo lingatholakala ngesivalo sengilazi sangemuva esivulekile (esedan, isivalo siyinsimbi ngokuphelele). Isimo somzimba sinamakhona abushelelezi ezindongeni ezixegayo zangaphambili nangemuva, okungezona ezemvelo esedan.

Ukubuyela emuva ngokushesha

Kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yama-50s yekhulu elidlule, i-fastback yakha ingxenye echazwe kahle yezinhlobo zomzimba, enesimo sezinyembezi esicacisiwe ngenxa yophahla olwehlayo olubonakalayo esiqwini; udonga lwangemuva olucwebezelisiwe nesivalo segumbi elincane lemithwalo. Ngokwesilinganiso, ungathatha ngokuphepha i- "Pobeda" GAZ-M-20 (kwesobunxele) noma i-GAZ-M-20V (kwesokudla) - imoto yenkathi yaseSoviet ekukhiqizweni kwe-serial ngokuthuthuka esikhathini sika-1946 - 1958.

Njengamanje, imigqa ecacile yalesi sigaba ifiphalisiwe, njengoba izici zayo eziningi zisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwamanye amamodeli ukuze kusimangaze umthengi ngezimo ezingajwayelekile zamamodeli wakudala. Lokhu kungenxa "yemidlalo" yemakethe yezimoto, okuya kuba nzima ukuyinqoba.

Ngaphansi kokuchazwa kwesimanje kwe-fastback, umuntu kufanele angabe esaqonda uhlobo oluhlukile lomzimba, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwezici zalo kweminye imiklamo ethandwayo. Lo mkhuba ungabonwa ezinqoleni zeziteshi, izingqinamba, ukuhlehla, izinhlobo eziningi zezemidlalo, futhi-ke, ama-sedans. 

Izinhlobo zedans zihluke kanjani ngekilasi

Noma yikuphi ukuthuthwa kwabagibeli kungokwesigaba esithile esihlangabezana namazinga weKhomishini Yezomnotho yaseYurophu. Le nhlangano igxile kakhulu kubukhulu bezimoto. Kepha lapho kunqunywa, umuntu akufanele alahlekelwe umbono wesidingo sabathengi, izindleko, isondo, isayizi lenjini noma lekhabethe, nezinye izimpikiswano ezibalulekile ezincoma ukunikezwa kwesigaba.

А

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-sedan kuthatha cishe igridi yonke, kusuka esigabeni A kuya ku-F, ngaphandle kwezigaba ze-M, S, J kanye nezithombe. Abaningi bathi isigaba "A" (ikakhulukazi esincane) sedans asinakuba njalo, ngoba sifaka phakathi izimoto ezinobude bomzimba obufinyelela kumamitha ayi-3,6. Kubonakala sengathi ngobude obunjalo, akukho ndawo yokunamathisela isiqu esihlukile, kepha emvelweni kusekhona ama-supermini sedans. Isibonelo, i-Citroen C1 noma i-minicar yaseSoviet "iZaporozhets" ZAZ 965, isiqu sayo esasikhona esikhundleni se-hood:

В

IClass "B" ifaka izimoto ezinobude obufinyelela kumamitha ayi-4,1, okubizwa ngokuthi "okuncane". ERussia, njengasemazweni amaningi omhlaba, lesi sigaba sifunwa kakhulu, ngoba ubukhulu obuncane buvame ukuthengiswa ngamanani aphansi. Kepha eRussian Federation, le ngxenye inwetshiwe ngandlela thile emugqeni wenqubomgomo yamanani ahlobene nemishini ye-salon nezimoto "zokugqoka". Ngakho-ke, izimoto ezitholakala kubantu abaningi, kepha ezidlula kancane izindinganiso zaseYurophu (ngobude), zibhekiswa esigabeni B +, njengenketho ephakathi phakathi kwesigaba B no-C.I-compact yaseFrance iCitroen C3 ingathathwa njengezinga eligcwele esigabeni B:

С

Izimoto ezinobude bomzimba obungadluli kumamitha ayi-4,4 zingezesigaba esibizwa ngegalofu "C" (okuncane okuphakathi). Njengasesigabeni se- "B", abanye abamele ama-sedans ngobukhulu bangadlula kancane amazinga ase-Europe ashiwo, kepha bamelane nawo ngosayizi we-wheelbase nevolumu yesiqu. Izimoto ezinjalo zihlala endaweni ephakathi phakathi kwezigaba C no-D futhi zihlala esigabeni C +. Omele lesi sigaba yi-compact yaseFrance iCitroen C4:

D

Uma ubude bemoto busebangeni lamamitha ayi-4,5 - 4,8, khona-ke lo ungummeleli wesigaba esiphakathi "D", okubandakanya, isibonelo, umndeni wakwaCitroen C5. I-wheelbase yemoto enjalo kufanele ibe ngaphakathi kwamamitha angu-2,7, futhi ivolumu yesiqu kufanele isuke kumalitha angama-400.

Izwe ngalinye lisebenzisa amapharamitha ahlukile ukunquma ikilasi, kepha amazinga athile ahlala efana kuyo yonke imishini. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, eJapane, izimoto zihlukaniswa ngomugqa ka-D kuphela ngobukhulu: ubude - ngaphezu kuka-4,7 m, ukuphakama - kusuka ku-2 m, ububanzi - kusuka ku-1,7 m. Futhi kwabaseMelika, isigaba D sisho ivolumu ethile yekhabethe - 3,15 - 13,4 cubic metres m.

Kodwa ochwepheshe abaningi baveza isigaba semoto ngokwezinga layo lemishini namakhono wezobuchwepheshe:

E

Ukuthuthwa kwabagibeli kwezinga eliphakeme kakhulu elinobude bomzimba kusuka ku-4,8 kuye ku-5,0 m kungokwesigaba sebhizinisi i- "E". Lezi zimoto ezinkulu ezinemishini esezingeni eliphakeme. Kukholakala ukuthi lesi sigaba sigcwalisa uhla lwezimoto ezivumela umhwebi wangasese ukuthi akwenze ngaphandle kosizo lomshayeli. Ezigabeni ezilandelayo, isimo siyala ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo zomshayeli wemoto, noma ngabe kukhona noma ayikho ilayisense yokushayela kumnikazi wemoto.

Isibonelo esimangazayo sekilasi "E" - I-Citroen DS 8 enezimpawu zokuguqulwa kwe-fastback:

F

Isici sesici sekilasi eliphezulu "F" ubude bomzimba obedlula uphawu lwamamitha amahlanu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule parameter, imoto ayinayo imikhawulo, kepha kunemikhawulo efanelekile yokuhamba okulula emigwaqweni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzoba umnyuziyamu noma umbukiso womgunyathi wezikhathi zezithombe, ongakulungele ukusetshenziswa kwawo okuhlosiwe.

Imoto kanokusho / ephezulu kufanele ibe "nemishini" esezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu: okokusebenza kwe-elekthronikhi, itrimu yangaphakathi yekhwalithi ephezulu, izesekeli, mhlawumbe nebha, njll.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-sedan ngekilasi

Umzimba we-sedan uthandwa kakhulu ngenxa yezinzuzo zawo eziningi eziwuhlukanisa namanye amamodeli asesigabeni esifanayo. Isibonelo, i-sedan ekilasini A ifunwa kakhulu esigabeni sayo, hhayi kuphela ngesizathu esilula sokufunwa kwezimoto zesabelomali, kunezinye izizathu ezenzeka esigabeni ngasinye.

1. Ububanzi bemodeli yomzimba buhlukaniswa ngezinhlobonhlobo zobukhulu nobukhulu, ngakho-ke umthengi unikezwa ithuba lokwanelisa okuthandwa kakhulu ukunambitheka okuhlukahlukene:

2. Ukubonakala okuthuthukisiwe kutholakala ngenxa yamawindi amakhulu egumbini, okubalulekile lapho kupakwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, umshayeli akudingeki asebenzise izinzwa zokupaka - amasistimu okusiza ukupaka, uzopaka ngokuphelele ngisho nangasemuva, ebona ukuhamba kwemoto ngengilazi engemuva ye-panoramic:

3. Imodeli ibikhona emakethe cishe iminyaka eyikhulu. Kusukela ekuqaleni, ipulatifomu eyingqayizivele yenzelwe umzimba, ozivumelanisa ngokwemvelo nezinguquko ezahlukahlukene zezimoto. Leli phuzu libaluleke kakhulu ekuthembekeni nasekuphepheni kwecala. Uma eminye imikhiqizo isebenzisa isisekelo sedan, khona-ke ukunganembi kwezibalo kungangena esakhiweni, kepha i-sedan ayisongelwa:

4. Uhlobo lwalo mzimba lufaka isandla ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli okonga ngenxa yokwehlisa isisindo nokusebenza kahle kwe-aerodynamic. 

5. Isikhundla sokuhlala esiphansi esicatshangelwe kahle, kanye nokukwazi ukulungisa ukuthambeka kwesihlalo ngezindawo zangemuva ezinethezekile kudala induduzo ngohambo olude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimoto ze-sedan zinokubamba okuhle kakhulu, ngenxa yomklamo osabalalisa umthwalo ofanayo ebangeni lonke le-wheelbase.

6. Ekuqaleni, amamodeli wesabelomali owethulwe kunoma yiliphi ikilasi, ngaphezu kwalokho, awadingi izindleko ezinkulu zokugcinwa kwemoto. Ukudlula i-MOT akubanga izinkinga, ngoba izingxenye ezisebenzayo azibizi futhi zihlala zitholakala kunoma iyiphi ingxenye.

7. Isiqu esihlukile sinendawo enkulu, kungakhathalekile ukuthi isigaba sini. Ukufakwa kwegumbi lomthwalo kuvimbela iphunga nemisindo ekungeneni egumbini labagibeli. Futhi i-overhang engemuva ehlanganisiwe iyasebenza nohlobo lomcamelo othatha ukushaya (ekushayisaneni kwangemuva) uma kwenzeka ingozi.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-sedan ne-coupe

Ukuphikisana ngokuthi imodeli engcono kunjani akulungile njengokugcizelela inzuzo yomhlophe / omnyama ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye. Lokhu kuyindaba yokunambitheka nokuthandayo. Ungakhuluma kuphela ngamaphoyinti abalulekile wokuhlukanisa kuzici zobuchwepheshe, ukuqonda okubonakalayo, njll, bese ukukhetha kuhlala nomshayeli.

Kuze kube muva nje, zombili izinhlobo zomzimba bezichazwa ngokuhlukaniswa okucacile, zinika imodeli ngayinye isitayela esihlukile. Kusukela ekuqaleni, abaklami coupe bathathe isisekelo-umnyango ezimbili imoto, kodwa ngenxa ukuvela emakethe ukulungiswa ezintathu iminyango, umzimba ingafaniswa sedan:

Isithombe sikhombisa iMercedes-Benz CLS (III isizukulwane esisheshayo). Omele "isicabha esinezicabha ezine" unokubukeka okuhle, i-salon ifakwe "ukugxisha" kwanamuhla ngomklamo ocebile, kepha ngokubukeka - cishe i-sedan yonke esemzimbeni ofanayo we-fastback.

Isigqebhezana sakudala siwumzimba oneminyango emithathu onamavolumu amabili one-saloon ehlukile nezihlalo ezimbili zosayizi ogcwele. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kunezelwa irowu eyengeziwe yezihlalo, ehlala isikhala esincane (kufika ku-93 cc), elungele kakhulu ukuhlalisa izingane. Umnyango wemithwalo uvame ukungabikho, udonga lwangemuva lucwebezelisiwe.

Imidlalo yama-Rank ilungele izixazululo ezingalindelekile, njenge- "sedan enezicabha ezimbili". Yize kunalokho kuyisikhathi "sesikhathi esedlule" esikhathini esedlule. Izidumbu zokuqala zalolu hlobo zazinezincazelo ezimbili ezigcwele: 2 no-4 iminyango. Manje, kanye nomehluko emiqulwini emithathu ebonwayo, uphahla luhlukaniswe ngokulinganayo ukusuka phansi kwekhabethe, ubukhona bensika emaphakathi, lezi ikakhulukazi ziyizibonelo zeminyango emi-4:

Isithombe sikhombisa iTesla Model 3 enenjini kagesi, eyangena emakethe ngo-2017. Esibonelweni sakhe, umuntu angabona ukuvela kokuguqulwa kwama-Classics, ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo zomthengi.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-sedan ne-coupe yisisekelo esifinyeziwe sakamuva, maqondana naso esivame ukufakwa umugqa owodwa wezihlalo zabantu abadala, noma sinefomethi engu-2 + 2 (izihlalo zepolymer). Ngaphezu kwalokho, isigqebhezana siseduze nefomethi yezemidlalo.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-sedan nenqola yesiteshi, i-hatchback

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-sedan ne-hatchback kanye ne-station wagon wukwakheka kwayo okunevolumu emithathu. Ngokubukeka, iphrofayili igqamisa ibhonethi, uphahla kanye ne-trunk. Ekhabetheni, isigaba sabagibeli sihlukaniswa ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile kusuka endaweni yemithwalo. Yiqiniso, kumamodeli amaningi, ingemuva le-sofa elingemuva ligoqa (ngokuvamile lilingana ne-40 * 60), ukuze umthwalo omude ungathuthwa ku-sedan.

Kodwa okokuqala, i-sedan igxile ekuthutheni abagibeli kanye nenani elincane lezinto. Lolu hlobo lomzimba lunezinzuzo ezilandelayo ngokuhlobene nokuthuthwa kwabagibeli:

• Ukunethezeka okwandisiwe ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa okuphelele kwegumbi labagibeli esiqwini (akukho msindo noma iphunga elisakazwa esiqwini lapho uthutha izimpahla);
• Lolu hlobo lomzimba lukuvumela ukuthi uhlele i-microclimate yasekuqaleni ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa okufanayo okuqinile ku-cabin;
• Lolu hlobo lomzimba luqinile kakhulu, olunomthelela omuhle ekuphatheni imoto;
• Ngenxa yobuningi bezindawo ezimunca amandla (izingxenye zenjini nemithwalo), ukuphepha emotweni kuphakeme kunamamodeli anendawo yemithwalo ehlangene enendawo yabagibeli.

Kodwa lolu hlobo lomzimba lwalungenazo izinkinga zalo. Ngakho-ke, ukunethezeka okwandisiwe kudinga ukukhiqizwa komzimba omude uma kuqhathaniswa ne-hatchback efanayo. Uma uyiqhathanisa nenqola yesiteshi, i-sedan ilahlekelwa kakhulu ekusebenzeni.

Ama-sedans asheshayo emhlabeni

Imiqondo yesivinini kanye ne-sedan ayihambelani ngesizathu esisodwa. Umshayeli ngeke akwazi ukusebenzisa amandla aphelele enjini ngenxa ye-aerodynamics embi. Izitimela ezinamandla nezisebenza kahle kakhulu kwi-sedan zifakwe kakhulu ngenxa yodumo kunemicimbi yezemidlalo.

Uma imoto ishesha, izoba nokukhululeka kancane. Ngakho-ke, ukusheshisa ngemizuzwana engu-2.7, njengaleyo ye-Tesla Model S P1000D, ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ikhululekile nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngoba abagibeli bacindezelwa ngokoqobo esihlalweni.

Uma sikhuluma ngamamodeli anenjini yangaphakathi evuthayo yangaphakathi, hhayi i-motor kagesi, uhlu lwama-sedans asheshayo luhlanganisa:

• Mercedes Benz AMG;
• I-Porsche Panamera Turbo;
• BMW M760.

Uma uhlela ukukhokhisa i-sedan yokugijima, khona-ke ekilasini layo kuyoba ngaphansi kwe-coupe noma i-hatchback enezici ezifanayo.

Okuhamba phambili ekilasini

Iningi labameleli bezimoto zakudala zenziwa ngohlobo olulodwa noma olunye uhlobo lomzimba we-sedan. Isigaba esiphezulu, isigaba se-premium, ukunethezeka kanye nezinhlobo zezimoto zikanokusho ezifanayo zithola ngqo umzimba we-sedan ngenxa yokuduma nobuhle befomu.

Lawa ma-sedans alandelayo adumile emazweni e-CIS:

• I-Lada Grant;
• I-Renault Logan;
• IToyota Camry;
• Skoda Octavia;
• Hyundai Solaris;
• Ford Focus;
• IVolkswagen Polo;
• Nissan Almera.

Kuhle ukusho ukuthi ukuze kuhehe abathengi abaningi, abakhiqizi bezimoto bakhipha imodeli efanayo emizimbeni ehlukene. Isibonelo salokhu iFord Focus 3 noma iHyundai Solaris, edume ngokulinganayo kuyo yomibili imizimba ye-sedan ne-hatchback.

Akunakwenzeka ukubiza i-sedan engcono kakhulu. Ngoba indaba yokunambitha. Ukuthandwa kwemodeli ethile kuthonywa ukucushwa kwayo, ukusebenza kombala, ikhwalithi yokusebenza kwazo zonke izinhlelo nemihlangano, kanye nezixazululo zokuklama.

Ividiyo ngesihloko

Le vidiyo emfushane ikhuluma ngama-sedans amahle futhi anamandla ngendlela emangalisayo angaqhudelana nezinye izimoto zezemidlalo:

Ama-sedans ashesha kakhulu emhlabeni 🚀

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Iyini le sedan? I-sedan uhlobo lomzimba olunomumo wevolumu emithathu - izakhi zomzimba ezintathu zichazwe ngokucacile (ihood, uphahla kanye ne-trunk). Ikakhulukazi ama-sedans anezihlalo ezi-5.

Ayini ama-sedans? 1) yakudala - enamavolumu womzimba amathathu achazwe ngokucacile. 2) iminyango emibili. 3) i-limousine. 4) i-hardtop (ayikho insika ye-B). 5) izihlalo ezimbili, ezine noma ezinhlanu.