Isebenza kanjani: Ibhokisi le-CVT

Sekuyisikhathi eside kwaziwa ukuthi ukudluliswa emotweni kukuvumela ukuthi usabalalise ngokulingana i-torque ekhiqizwa yunithi yamandla. Lokhu kuyadingeka ekusheshiseni okubushelelezi noma okunamandla kwemoto. Umshayeli usebenzisa ibanga elithile le-rpm yenjini, okuyivimbela ukuthi ingene kwimodi ephezulu.

Ngokuqondene nokudluliswa kwebhuku, mayelana nedivayisi yayo nokuthi ungayigcina kanjani isikhathi eside, sesishilo vele. Futhi lokhu kubonakala kuyisihloko esigenciwe. Ake sikhulume nge-cvt: hlobo luni lomshini, umsebenzi walo nokuthi kufanele yini ukuthatha imoto enokudluliswa okufanayo.

Liyini ibhokisi le-CVT

Lolu uhlobo lokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo. Kungokwesigaba sokudluliswa okuguquguqukayo okuqhubekayo. Ukuhluka kwayo kuxhomeke ekutheni i-variator inikeza ushintsho olubushelelezi kuma-gear ratios ebangeni elincane kangaka elingatholakali kumakhenikhi.

Ifakwe izimoto ezisebenza ngaphansi kolawulo lweyunithi yokulawula ngogesi. Le divayisi isabalalisa ngokulinganayo imithwalo evela enjinini ngokuvumelana nokumelana okusetshenziswa kumasondo edrayivu emoto.

Ukushintshwa kwegiya kwenziwa ngokushelela - umshayeli kwesinye isikhathi akaboni nokuthi imodi yokusebenza yendlela ishintsha kanjani. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukunethezeka kokuhamba.

Idivayisi eyinhloko

Umklamo womshini uyinkimbinkimbi, yingakho ukukhiqizwa kwawo kubiza ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yenkimbinkimbi yomklamo, ukuhanjiswa okuqhubekayo okuguqukayo akukwazi ukunikeza ukusatshalaliswa kwemithwalo ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezinjini.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokudluliswa okuqhubekayo okuguqukayo ne-analogue yemishini ukuthi ayinayo i-clutch. Namuhla, ukuhlukahluka kuqhubeka kwenziwa kwesimanje, futhi sekuvele kukhona ukuguqulwa okuningana okuhlukile. Kodwa-ke, izinto eziyinhloko zebhokisi yilezi:

• Indlela yokudlulisa eyinhloko i-torque converter. Le yiyunithi ethatha i-torque eyakhiwa yinjini bese iyithumela kuzinto ezisebenzayo;
• I-main gear pulley (exhunywe ku-hydraulic clutch) kanye ne-secondary gear pulley (idlulisela amandla ku-chassis yemoto);
• Ukudluliswa kwamandla kwenziwa ngebhande, futhi kwezinye izimo - iketanga;
• Izilawuli ze-elekthronikhi ziguqula izindlela zokusebenza zezinqubo;
• Iyunithi ehlukile elenziwa lasebenza lapho igiya elibuyela emuva lisebenza;
• I-shaft okugxilwe kuyo i-pulley yokudlulisela negiya elikhulu;
• Izinhlobo eziningi zinokwehluka.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi zinto azinikezi ukuqonda ukuthi u-gearbox usebenza kanjani. Konke kuncike ekuguqulweni kwedivayisi, okuzoxoxwa ngakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kepha manje sizocubungula ukuthi iyiphi inqubo esebenza ngayo le ndlela.

Kanjani lo msebenzi

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokudluliswa ezisetshenziswa kwezokuthutha futhi ezinomgomo wokusebenza ofana ne-cvt:

• Ukudluliswa kwamandla. Kulokhu, le divayisi isetshenziselwa kuphela ezokuthutha ezincanyana. Imoto ishayela i-dynamo ye-generator, ekhiqiza amandla adingekayo okuhambisa ukudluliswa. Isibonelo sika-gearbox onjalo yi-BelAZ;
• Transmission kusuka torque Converter. Lolu hlobo lwegiya lubushelelezi kakhulu. I-hydraulic clutch iphothwe yiphampu ehambisa uwoyela ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu kuya ngejubane lenjini. Le ndlela isenhliziyweni yakho konke ukuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo kwanamuhla;
• Ukudluliswa kohlobo lwe-Hydrostatic. Ubuchwepheshe obudala, kepha busasetshenziswa kwezinye izinto zokuhamba. Umgomo webhokisi elinjalo - injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ishayela iphampu kawoyela, enikeza ingcindezi kuma-motor wokubacindezela axhumene namasondo okushayela. Isibonelo sokuthuthwa okunjalo amanye amamodeli wokuhlanganisa.

Ngokuqondene nokuhlukahluka, yize kusebenza kumgomo ofanayo, kusenokwehluka okuphawulekayo. Idizayini ye-variator yakudala ifaka ukuhlangana oketshezi, okungavulwa yunithi yamandla omshini. Ukudluliswa kwe-torque kuphela kushaft eqhutshwa kwebhokisi kwenziwa kusetshenziswa into ephakathi. Ngokuvamile, abakhiqizi bokuhambisa okunjalo basebenzisa ibhande eliqinile kumshini. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nokuhanjiswa kwamaketanga.

Isilinganiso segiya sishintshwa ngokushintsha ububanzi bedrayivu namapulethi aqhutshwa. Lapho umshayeli ekhetha imodi efanele yokushayela kusikhethi sokudlulisa, uphiko lokulawula luqopha idatha kusuka kumasondo nakwizinto zenjini. Ngokuya ngale mininingwane, i-elekthronikhi ngesikhathi esifanele igudluza izindonga zamapulisi asebenzayo, ngenxa yokuthi ubukhulu bawo obuphakathi bukhuphuka (isici sedivayisi yalezi zingxenye). Igiya liyenyuka futhi amasondo aqala ukushesha ngokushesha.

Lapho i-reverse gear isebenza, lo mshini awusebenzi ngemodi yokubuyela emuva, kepha wenza kusebenze idivayisi eyengeziwe. Ezimweni eziningi, leli u-gearbox oyiplanethi.

Ukusheshisa ama-dynamics we-variator

Uma uyiqhathanisa ne-automatic transmission yakudala, i-CVT izozizwa ivilapha kwasekuqaleni, kube sengathi umshayeli uyicindezela kancane i-pedal. I-othomathikhi izoba bukhali ekuqaleni. Kulokhu, ngesikhathi sokushintshela egiyeni elilandelayo, imoto izonyakaza. Kodwa uma sikhuluma ngebanga, khona-ke ngezinjini ezifanayo nobukhulu bemoto, i-variator inezinzuzo eziningi.

Isizathu siwukuthi uma usuka egiyeni uye kwelinye, umshini uphelelwa amandla. I-variator ngesikhathi sokusebenza ishintsha isilinganiso segiya ngokushelela, ngenxa yokuthi alikho igebe ekudlulisweni kwe-thrust. Kulokhu, injini isebenza ngesivinini lapho i-torque ephezulu idluliselwa khona. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umshini uvame ukubamba isivinini esincane senjini yokudonsa, yingakho amandla emoto ehluleka.

CVTs ukukhululwa endala (kuze 2007, futhi ezinye izinguquko kuze 2010) washintsha izilinganiso igiya lapho isivinini injini anda cishe kuya esiphezulu. Ngokwethulwa kwamayunithi okulawula umuntu ngamunye wokudlulisela, lokhu kuhoxiswa kwaqedwa. Isizukulwane esisha sama-CVT sijwayela imodi yezemidlalo, futhi uma ucindezela i-accelerator kakhulu, ngokushesha ishintshela ekushintsheni isilinganiso segiya ngesivinini esisebenza kahle kakhulu senjini.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukudonsa kugcinwa kulo lonke ushintsho lwezilinganiso zegiya zebhokisi. Noma kuze kube yilapho umshayeli eyeka ukucindezela i-accelerator pedal. Ngakho-ke, ukuguqulwa kwemoto kuthinteka ngokuqondile ngamandla okucindezela i-pedal pedal.

Ukulingiswa kwebhokisi lemanyuwali ku-CVT

Ngaphansi kokushintshwa kwe-manual ku-variator kusho ukufakwa kwe-lever ye-gearshift ukuze kukhuliswe ngenkani / ukwehla kwesilinganiso segiya lika-transmission. Uma sikhuluma ngemishini yakudala, khona-ke lapho uhambisa isibambo ku-"+" noma "-", iyunithi yokulawula inikeza umyalo wokushintsha igiya.

Njengoba ama-CVT engenakho ukuguquka okuhamba kancane ukusuka egiyeni kuye egiyeni, le nqubo ithi ihluke. Ngisho noma i-electronics ibonisa igiya eliboniswe umshayeli kudeshibhodi, i-electronic control unit ye-CVT yesimanje izoqinisekisa ukuthi inaliti ye-tachometer ingangeni endaweni ebomvu (ngeke ivumele injini ukuthi isebenze ngesivinini esiphezulu). Kuzokwenzeka okufanayo uma umshayeli eyala i-electronics ukuthi igcine isilinganiso segiya kuma-revs aphansi - ukuhanjiswa ngeke kuvumele injini ukuthi ime ngenxa yokwehla kakhulu kwama-revs.

Uma sikhuluma nge-dynamics yemoto, khona-ke kumodi yezandla emshinini, umshayeli uzokwazi ukuthuthukisa ukusheshisa kwemoto ngokulungisa ukushintshwa kwelinye igiya, kodwa esimweni se-CVT, lokhu ngeke kuthuthuke. ukushesha kwemoto. Isizathu siwukuthi "imodi ye-manual" iphinde isebenzise izindawo zejubane zenjini ezingasebenzi kahle ukusheshisa.

Ukuba khona kwalolu khetho kuma-CVT esimanje kumane kuyisu lokumaketha lalabo bashayeli abathanda “ukulawula” inqubo yokusebenzisa itorque. Ukuze uthole i-dynamics ephumelela kakhulu esimweni se-variator, kungcono ukusebenzisa imodi ezenzakalelayo (isikhundla kusikhethi "D").

Izici zokuhamba kwemoto enokudluliselwa okunjalo

Cabangela izici zokuhamba kwemoto ku-transmission yohlobo lwe-CVT. Umnikazi wemoto enjalo kufanele akhumbule:

1. Nge-variator, ngeke isebenze ukushelela ekuqaleni. Isizathu siwukuthi i-electronics ihlale ilawula isilinganiso segiya esisebenza kahle kakhulu ngokuhambisana nesivinini senjini nokulayisha kuyo.
2. I-variator izosiza umshayeli kumuphi umgwaqo ngesikhathi sokwethulwa. Ngenxa yokwanda okushelelayo kokudonsa, amasondo ngeke ashelele uma umshayeli engawubali umzamo we-pedal pedal.
3. Lapho udlula imoto nge-CVT, uzodinga ukucindezela igesi kakhudlwana hhayi ngesikhathi sokuqondisa, njengomshini noma othomathikhi, kodwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kwalokho, njengoba ukuhanjiswa kusebenza ngokubambezeleka kancane.
4. Ku-variator, kunzima kakhulu ukwazi kahle ukushushuluza okulawulwayo ngenxa yokusabela okufanayo "kwesikhashana" kwebhokisi ekucindezeleni igesi. Uma ku-Mechanics ye-skidding kudingekile ukucindezela ngokucijile igesi ngemuva kokuguqula isondo lokuqondisa, khona-ke esimweni se-variator lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqondile lapho isondo lokuqondisa liphenduka.
5. Njengoba lolu hlobo lokudlulisa luhlala lukhetha isilinganiso segiya elifanele ngokuhambisana nesivinini senjini, lokhu kubangela inhlanganisela ekahle phakathi kokudonsa nokusetshenziswa kancane kukaphethiloli. Lolu hlelo luvumela injini ukuthi isebenze ngale ndlela, njengokungathi imoto ishayela kuthelawayeka oyisicaba ngaphandle kwedolobha. Uma imoto ifakwe i-cruise control, ukonga kukaphethiloli kuzobonakala kakhulu.

Izinhlobo nesimiso sokusebenza kwe-variator emotweni

Izimoto zesimanje ezine-CVT zingathola eyodwa yezinhlobo ezimbili zokudlulisela:

• Ibhande le-V;
• I-Toroid.

Umehluko wabo usezicini zokuklama, nakuba isimiso sokusebenza sihlala sinjalo. Ake sicabangele lezi zinhlobo zokushayela ngokwehlukana.

Ibhande le-V

Izimoto eziningi ezine-CVT zithola lolu hlobo luka-gearbox. Ngokuvamile ekudluliseni okunjalo kusetshenziswa idrayivu eyodwa yebhande (ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ukuguqulwa ngamagiya amabili). Lo mshini usebenzisa ama-pulleys amabili anamasongo amise okwe-wedge. Kufakwa ibhande elinephrofayili efanayo emise okwe-wedge. Ekuqaleni, abakhiqizi basebenzisa irabha eqinisiwe. Ukuhanjiswa kwesimanje kusebenzisa ozakwabo bensimbi.

I-pulley ngayinye (etholakala ku-drive kanye nama-shafts aqhutshwayo) inezindonga ezibheke ngaphandle ezine-engeli yokuthambekela ehlobene ne-axis shaft engu-70 degrees. Enqubweni yokushintsha isilinganiso segiya, izindonga zama-pulleys zihamba noma ziyahlukana, ngenxa yokuthi ububanzi be-pulley bushintsha. Izindonga zama-pulleys ziqhutshwa yiziphethu, amandla e-centrifugal noma ama-servos.

Le ngxenye yeyunithi ku-V-belt variators iyona esengozini kakhulu, njengoba ibhekene kakhulu nomthwalo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuhanjiswa kwesimanje kwalolu hlobo kusebenzisa izakhiwo zensimbi ezinamapuleti esimo esiyinkimbinkimbi.

Phakathi kwamadrayivu amise okwe-wedge, kukhona ama-variators afakwe iketango. Inombolo yezixhumanisi kuyo inkulu, ngenxa yokuthi ihambisana kahle nezindonga ze-pulley. Lolu hlobo lwe-variator lubonakala ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-analogue, kodwa ngenxa yamandla amakhulu okungqubuzana, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izinto ezihlala isikhathi eside, okwenza iketango le-variator enjalo libize kakhulu.

I-Toroidal

Lena imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi. Ama-CVT anjalo avame ukuhlonywa izimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo angemuva neyunithi enamandla yamandla. Ukuze kudluliselwe kahle kakhulu i-torque ngesivinini esikhulu, kusetshenziswa i-gearbox yeplanethi yokunciphisa, edlulisela ukugxila ngqo. Ezimotweni ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, i-variator enjalo ixhunywe egiyeni eliyinhloko kanye nokuhluka.

Idizayini ye-toroidal variator nayo inamadiski amabili, ama-ax awo kuphela aqondana. Esigabeni esiphambanayo, lawa madiski abukeka njengonxantathu we-isosceles (abe nomumo oyindilinga). Ama-Roller afakwe phakathi kwezingxenye eziseceleni zalawa madiski, ashintsha indawo yawo ngokucindezela ama-disks asebenzayo.

Lapho i-drive disc icindezela i-roller ngokumelene nedrayishiwe, i-torque eyengeziwe idluliselwa futhi i-disc eqhutshwayo ijikeleza ngokushesha. Lapho amandla encishisiwe, i-disk eqhutshwayo ijikeleza kancane kancane.

Izinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo ze-V-belt

Ngemuva kokufika kokudluliswa kohlobo lwe-variator, baqala ukuthuthuka emkhakheni wokwandisa ukusebenza kwawo kahle. Ngenxa yalokhu, namuhla abanikazi bezimoto banikezwa ukuguqulwa okugijima kakhulu, okuzibonakalise ukuthi kusebenza kakhulu phakathi kwama-analogues - ama-V-belt variators.

Umkhiqizi ngamunye ubiza lokhu kuguqulwa kwama-gearbox ngokuhlukile. Isibonelo, iFord ineTransmatic, Ecotronic noma iDurashift. Ukukhathazeka ngeToyota kuhlomisa izimoto zayo ngokudluliswa okufanayo, kuphela ngaphansi kwegama leMultidrive. Izimoto zakwaNissan nazo zineV variator variator, kepha igama liyiXtronic noma Hyper. I-analogue yazo zonke izinhlobo ezibalulwe yi-Autotronic, etholakala kumamodeli amaningi akwaMercedes.

Ezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo, izinto eziyinhloko zihlala zifana, kuphela inqubo yokuhlangana phakathi kwemoto negiya eliyinhloko ehluke kakhulu. Izinhlobo eziningi zesabelomali zisebenzisa ama-CVTs afana neXtronic, Multidrive namanye. Enhliziyweni yalokhu kuguqulwa isiguquli se-torque.

Kunezinketho ezibiza kakhulu:

• Ukubamba nge-elekthronikhi kususelwa kusenzo se-electromagnetic of izindlela. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibizwa ngokuthi yiHyper;
• Enye inketho yokubamba okuzenzakalelayo yiTransmatic. Isebenzisa amandla we-centrifugal we-hydraulic fluid;
• Uma igama lokudlulisa liqukethe isiqalo se-Multi, khona-ke kaningi kulezi zinguquko kusetshenziswa amadiski amaningi e-clutch wet.

Uma kuthengwa imoto entsha nemibhalo yayo yezobuchwepheshe ikhombisa ukuthi ukudluliswa yi-CVT, lokhu akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba khona kwe-torque converter. Kepha ezimweni eziningi, ibhokisi lizohlomeka ngalo mshini nje.

Izinzuzo nobubi be-CVT

Uhlobo ngalunye lokudluliswa lunabalandeli balo, ngakho-ke, ezimweni eziningi, ngokusho komunye, umsebenzi othile uthathwa njengenzuzo, kanti omunye - kunalokho, ububi. Uma sibheka ukwethembeka, i-CVT ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile - vele ushintshe uwoyela ngesikhathi futhi usebenze ngokuhambisana nezincomo zomkhiqizi.

Nazi ezinye izinzuzo:

• Ezokuthutha zinezimo ezibushelelezi lapho ziguqula izilinganiso zamagiya, ezenza kube lula ukushayela ngangokunokwenzeka;
• Ukuze uthathe ngokushesha isivinini, udinga nje ukumisa isigwedlo segesi;
• Umshayeli akangabazi lapho eshintsha ijubane - isici esikahle sabaqalayo;
• Ngomshini osebenzayo, uzosebenza buthule;
• Ukususwa kwamandla emotweni kusendaweni efanele, evimbela imoto ekulayisheni ngokweqile noma ekufinyeleleni isivinini esiphezulu;
• Uma omakhenikha besusa igiya kusenesikhathi, okuhlangenwe nakho kwezimoto kukhuphule ukucindezeleka. Ukunxephezela lokhu, ivalve yokumpintsha ivula ngokwengeziwe, futhi uphethiloli omningi ungena kumasilinda, kepha kule modi ushisa ngokungasebenzi kahle. Ngenxa yalokho, izinto eziningi ezingashisiwe zingena ohlelweni lokukhipha. Uma imoto ine okudala, khona-ke izinsalela zizoshisa kuyo, okuzonciphisa kakhulu impilo yokusebenza yengxenye.

Izimoto ezifakwe i-variator nazo zinezinkinga ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

• Uma amasondo eshibilika, u-gearbox kungenzeka angayisabalalisi kahle imithwalo. Isibonelo, lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka eqhweni;
• Akathandi ama-revs aphakeme, ngakho-ke umshayeli kufanele aqaphele ukuthi ukudluliswa kangasakhuphi isilinganiso segiya;
• Ukugqoka kwemvelo kwamapulisi asebenzayo;
• Inqubo yokushintsha i-lubricant ku-mechanism ikhawulelwe ngokuqinile - kuya ngezincomo zomkhiqizi, lesi sikhathi singaba izinkulungwane ezingama-20, futhi mhlawumbe ngama-30 000 km;
• I-variator kulula ukuyiphula kunokudlulisa ngesandla;
• Kuyabiza kakhulu ukuyilungisa ngenxa yokuthi nguchwepheshe kuphela ozothatha imali enesizotha ngezinsizakalo zakhe ongenza umsebenzi ngendlela efanele.

Ukungasebenzi kahle okukhulu

Ukwephuka kwe-CVT kuyinkinga yangempela kumshayeli wemoto. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhambisana ngokufanele nezincomo zomkhiqizi, kusebenza kahle. Nakhu okungahluleka kuyo:

• Umzimba oxhumanayo lapho amandla adluliselwa khona kusuka ku-pulley yokushayela kuya ku-pulley eqhutshwa. Kokunye kuyibhanti kanti kwezinye kuyiketanga;
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-elekthronikhi - ukulahleka koxhumana naye, ukwehluleka kwezinzwa;
• Ukuwohloka kwemishini yokuhlangana koketshezi;
• Ukwehluleka kwezinto ezikhethiwe;
• Ukwephuka kwengcindezi yokunciphisa ingcindezi yepompo kawoyela;
• Amaphutha kuyunithi yokulawula. Le nkinga ikhonjwa kalula njengomphumela wokuxilongwa okuphelele kwezimoto esitendini.

Ngokuqondene ne-elektroniki, ikhompyutha izokhombisa ngokushesha ukuthi yini iphutha. Kepha ngokuwohloka kwemishini, ukuxilongwa kuba nzima kakhulu. Nakhu okungakhombisa inkinga ngokuhlukahluka:

• Ukuhamba okungazinzile kwemoto, kuhambisana namajezi;
• Lapho kukhethwa ijubane elingathathi hlangothi, imoto iyaqhubeka nokuhamba;
• Ukushintshwa kwegiya okunzima noma okungenakwenzeka (uma inketho enjalo ikhona ekudlulisweni).

Izimbangela zokuqhekeka kwe-CVT

Noma iyiphi indlela ngokushesha noma kamuva iyehluleka ngenxa yokuguga kwemvelo kwezingxenye zayo. Okufanayo kusebenza kusiguquli. Nakuba lolu hlobo lwebhokisi lubhekwa njengoluqinile, abashayeli bezimoto basabhekene nokungasebenzi kahle kwalo.

Isici esibalulekile esithinta impilo yeyunithi ukunakekelwa ngesikhathi kokudlulisela. Uhlelo lokulungisa oluhleliwe lucaciswa umkhiqizi wemoto. Kudingeka futhi ukucabangela izincomo zokusebenzisa lolu hlobo lokudlulisela. Uhlu lokunakekelwa okufanele kwe-variator luhlanganisa:

• Ukushintshwa ngesikhathi kwamafutha okudlulisa kanye nakho konke okusebenzisekayo kwebhokisi lamagiya;
• Ukulungiswa ngesikhathi noma ukushintshwa kwezingxenye ezihlulekile zebhokisi;
• Isitayela sokushayela esilungile (akunconywa ukusebenzisa i-drifting ku-CVT, ukushayela kwezemidlalo ngokusheshisa njalo nokuma kungazelelwe, ukushayela okunamandla ebhokisini elingashiswanga).

Ezinye izimbangela zokwehluleka kwe-variator ukuguga kwemvelo noma amaphutha ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye noma iyunithi yonke. Okwesibili akuvamile kakhulu, futhi lokhu kusebenza kakhulu kumamodeli emoto yesabelomali.

Ngokuvamile, i-variator ihluleka ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamafutha amabi. Ekusebenzeni kokudluliselwa okunjalo, indima ebalulekile inikezwa ikhwalithi ye-lubricant, ngakho umnikazi wemoto udinga ukuthatha ngokungathí sina inqubo yokubuyisela uketshezi lokudlulisa.

Uma i-variator yesitayela esidala ifakwe emotweni, khona-ke ngokuvamile uwoyela kuyo udinga ukushintshwa njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-30-50. Uma imoto isebenzisa ukudluliswa kwesimanje, kungase kudingeke ukushintsha uwoyela ngemva 60-80 ayizinkulungwane km. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yimayela elithinta lesi sikhawu, hhayi amahora, njengoba kunjalo ngezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi.

Ukusebenza kokwehluka

Ibhokisi le-CVT alinazwelo, kepha uma uzivumelanisa nalo, lizohlala isikhathi eside. Nakhu okudingeka ukwazi ngomshayeli wemoto oqhutshwa ukudluliswa okunjalo:

• Ibhokisi alikuthandi ukushayela ngolaka. Esikhundleni salokho, isitayela "sokuthatha umhlalaphansi" noma ukunyakaza okulinganisiwe ngokusheshisa okulingene kufanelekile kuye;
• Ukudluliswa kwalolu hlobo akumelani nokuvukela okuphezulu, ngakho-ke uma umshayeli enomkhuba "wokucwilisa" emgwaqeni omkhulu ebangeni elide, kungcono ume kuma-mechanics. Okungenani kushibhile ukuyilungisa;
• Ku-variator, akumele uqale ngokungazelelwe futhi uvumele amasondo wedrayivu ashelele;
• Lokhu kudluliswa akulungele imoto esetshenziswayo evame ukuthwala imithwalo esindayo noma ukudonsa inqola.

Uma imoto ene-cvt ingena odakeni futhi ibhajwa, akufanele uzame ukuzishayela wedwa. Kungcono ukusebenzisa usizo lwabantu ongabazi, ngoba kulokhu akunakwenzeka ukugwema ukushelela kwesondo.

Yikuphi okungcono: ukwahlukahluka noma umshini ozenzakalelayo?

Uma uqhathanisa lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamabhokisi, khona-ke kufanele unake ngokushesha iqiniso lokuthi i-analogue ezenzakalelayo isemakethe kakhulu kune-variator. Ngalesi sizathu, inani elanele lemishini selivele liyayiqonda le divayisi nobunzima bokuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo. Kepha ngokuhlukahluka, isimo sibi kakhulu - kunzima kakhulu ukuthola uchwepheshe wangempela.

Nazi ezinye izinzuzo zokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo:

• Ihlelwe kalula kune-cvt, futhi kunezingxenye eziningi zokungasebenzi ezindaweni zokuthengisa izimoto;
• Ngokuqondene nokushayela, ibhokisi lisebenza kumgomo wemishini - amagiya acacile, kepha i-ECU inesibopho sokuyishintsha;
• Uketshezi olusebenzayo lomshini kushibhile kune-variator. Ungonga imali nangokuthenga inketho eshibhile, ngoba kunezinhlobonhlobo zamafutha emishini ezenzakalelayo emakethe;
• I-elektroniki ikhetha i-rpm efanelekile lapho ungasusa khona i-overdrive;
• Umshini wephuka kaningi kune-variator, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokwehluleka kwe-elekthronikhi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uphiko lokulawula lulawula kuphela ikota yokusebenza kokudlulisa. Okunye kwenziwa ngemishini;
• Umshini unensiza yokusebenza enkulu kakhulu. Uma umshayeli esebenzisa ngokucophelela iyunithi (eshintsha uwoyela ngesikhathi esifanele futhi evikela ukushayela okunamandla njalo), lo mshini uzohlala okungenani izinkulungwane ezingama-400 futhi awudingi ukulungiswa okukhulu.

Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo, umshini unezinkinga ezithile ezibonakalayo:

• Ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa kuphansi ngoba iningi le-torque lisetshenziselwa ukuqaqa isiguquli se-torque;
• Ukushiya amagiya akushelelezi kangako - umshayeli usazizwa lapho imoto isishintshele kwelinye igiya;
• Ukusheshisa imoto ayinayo inkomba yekhwalithi efana naleyo ye-variator - lapho isivinini sithathwa kahle;
• Imishini inesitsha esikhulu samafutha. Imishini ejwayelekile idinga cishe amalitha amathathu okugcoba, i-variator - kuze kufike kwayisishiyagalombili, kepha umshini ozenzakalelayo - cishe amalitha ayi-10.

Uma kuqhathaniswa kahle, khona-ke la maphutha angaphezu kokumbozwa ukukhuthazela nokwethembeka kwamayunithi anjalo. Kodwa-ke, konke kuncike kulokho umnikazi akulindele emotweni yakhe.

Ngakho-ke, imoto ifakwe ibhokisi le-variator yenzelwe ukunyakaza okuthe cwaka emadolobheni. Ngokudluliswa okunjalo, umshayeli angazizwa ethanda ukushayela isikebhe somhlaba kunokuba umshayeli wemoto yezemidlalo.

Ekuphetheni, unganquma kanjani ukuthi liphi ibhokisi:

Ungayikhetha kanjani imoto, yiliphi ibhokisi elingcono: i-othomathikhi, i-variator, irobhothi, imishini

Ungahlola kanjani i-variator lapho uthenga imoto emakethe yesibili

Lapho uthenga imoto emakethe yesibili, kufanele uhlole ukusebenza kwawo wonke amasistimu ayisihluthulelo nemihlangano yemoto. Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ku-variator uma ukuhanjiswa okunjalo kusetshenziswa emotweni. Isizathu ukuthi leyunithi kuyabiza ukuyilungisa.

Nakhu okudingeka ukunake lapho uthenga imoto enjalo.

Ibanga lemoto

Le parameter ihlobene ngqo nesimo sika-gearbox. Yiqiniso, abathengisi abangathembekile basonta ngamabomu i-mileage ku-odometer, kodwa imoto entsha, kunzima kakhulu ukuqeda yonke iminonjana yalo msebenzi.

Ku-CVTs ezimotweni ezikhiqizwa kusukela ngo-2007 noma ngo-2010 (kuye ngokuthi imodeli), amayunithi okulawula omuntu ngamunye afakwe. Amanye amaphutha aqoshwe iyunithi yokulawula eyinhloko angase futhi aboniswe ku-ECU yokudlulisela.

Isimo sikawoyela

Ngaphezu kwebanga lemoto, uwoyela wokudlulisa uzokutshela ngesimo se-variator. Nakhu okufanele ukucabangele lapho ubheka izinto zokugcoba lapho uhlola imoto:

• Izinga likawoyela liyahlolwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kokubili ekudluliseni okubandayo nangemva kokufudumala.
• Ikhwalithi ye-lubricant iyahlolwa. Amafutha akufanele abe mnyama. Uma ukuguqulwa kwamafutha kusekude, futhi sekuvele kumnyama, khona-ke noma umshini awusetshenziswanga kahle, noma umdayisi ukhohlisa ngosuku lwenkonzo yokugcina yokudlulisela.
• Ukuhlanzeka kwamafutha kuyahlolwa. Akufanele ibe nama-chips ensimbi, amahlule nokunye ukungcola. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vele ubeke amaconsi ambalwa kawoyela ephepheni elihlanzekile. Uma kunezinhlayiya zangaphandle ephepheni ngaphezu kwebala lamafutha, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi i-variator igqoke kabi.
• Amafutha ayahlolwa ukuthi awanuki yini. Akufanele iphunga elishisiwe, elibonisa ukusebenza okungalungile kwemoto.

Intaba

Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ukudluliswa akukalungiswa, umshini kufanele uphakanyiswe phezulu noma uqhutshwe emgodini, futhi amabhawodi afakayo kufanele abhekwe umonakalo emaphethelweni. Uma kukhona ama-scuffs, ama-chips noma ama-serif, khona-ke iyunithi yahlakazwa, futhi umdayisi kufanele atshele ukuthi yini elungisiwe ebhokisini.

Uma umdayisi ephika ukuthi ukulungiswa kwenziwa, futhi iyunithi yahlakazwa ngokucacile, ukuthengwa kwemoto enjalo kufanele kuyekwe. Lapho etshelwa ukuthi yimuphi umsebenzi owenziwe, umdayisi kuzodingeka athathe izwi lakhe ngawo.

Umlando wemoto

Lolu hlobo lokuqinisekisa lungenziwa uma umdayisi engumnikazi wokuqala wemoto. Lapho imoto isishintshile abanikazi abaningana, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlola umlando wemoto. Amapharamitha ahlobene nemoto edlule afaka:

1. Ihlola inombolo ye-VIN;
2. Uma imoto yenziwe isevisi ngumthengisi ogunyaziwe kuphela, wonke umsebenzi uzovela embikweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akunakwenzeka ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe ukudluliswa kwalungiswa eziteshini zegalaji;
3. Lapho uthenga imoto engenisiwe evela phesheya, kubalulekile ukuhlola imibhalo yentela (imayela kanye nezinye izimo zobuchwepheshe zemoto).

Isheke elinjalo lizohlinzeka ngolwazi olwengeziwe olungaqondile mayelana nesimo se-variator.

Hlola ukunyakaza

Kuyisibopho ukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-variator. Lokhu kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlola ngezindlela ezihlukene ukuze ulalele noma ubuke uhlobo lokudlulisela. Isheke elinjalo lifundisa kakhulu ngokwesimo se-variator.

I-transmissionable transmission inikeza ukuguquguquka kwemoto okushelelayo ngaphandle kwamajerks kanye nezinguquko eziphawulekayo zesinyathelo esilinganisweni segiya. Uma kungenjalo, ama-jerks kanye nokushaqeka kubonisa ukulimala kwebhande le-variator drive.

CVT umsindo

Umsindo ungaphinda unqume isimo sokuhamba kwemoto. Isibonelo, i-variator esebenzisekayo ngesivinini sokungenzi lutho senjini evuthayo yangaphakathi ayizwakali nhlobo. Ngenkathi ushayela, umsindo webhokisi ungazwakala, kodwa ngokungezwani kahle komzimba.

Ukuchofoza, ukuhogela, ikhwela, umsindo onzima neminye imisindo akuyona into evamile kusihlukanisi esisebenzayo. Njengoba kunzima kakhulu kumshayeli ongenalwazi ukunquma ukungasebenzi kahle komsindo, kungcono ukumema uchwepheshe ukuba ahlole imoto, ikakhulukazi labo abakuqondayo ukusebenza kwe-gearbox ye-CVT.

Ividiyo ngesihloko

Nazi izinto ezinhlanu ezizosiza ukwelula impilo ye-variator:

IZINTO EZINGU-5 ONGAZE UZENZE KU-CVT

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Yini i-CVT embi kakhulu noma ezenzakalelayo? Uma uqala kusuka ku-dynamism nokushelela kokusheshisa, khona-ke i-variator inezinzuzo eziningi uma iqhathaniswa nokudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo.

Yini engalungile nge-variator emotweni? I-variator izwela isisindo semoto (isisindo esikhulu semoto, umthwalo omkhulu ezingxenyeni ze-variator), imithwalo ebukhali neyi-monotonous kanye ne-torque ephezulu.

Kungani i-CVT ingalungile? Ibhokisi elinjalo lesaba ukushibilika kwamasondo okushayela, ijubane elibekiwe kanye nokusebenza kwemoto kuyisidina kakhulu ngenxa yoshintsho olubushelelezi esilinganisweni segiya. Kuyabiza ukuyinakekela.