Kuyini ukushayela kokugcina nokwehluka kwemoto

Kuyini ukushayela kokugcina

Igiya eliyinhloko iyunithi yokudlulisela yemoto, eguqula, isabalalise futhi idlulise i-torque emasondweni okushayela. Ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokuklama kanye negiya lepheya eyinhloko, izici zokugcina zokudonsa nesivinini ziyanqunywa. Kungani sidinga umehluko, ama-satellites, nezinye izingxenye ze-gearbox - sizocabangela ngokuqhubekayo.

Ukuthi isebenza kanjani 

Umgomo wokusebenza komehluko: ngenkathi imoto ihamba, ukusebenza kwenjini kuguqula i-torque enqwabelana ku-flywheel, futhi idluliselwe nge-clutch noma i-torque converter ku-gearbox, bese ngokusebenzisa i-cardan shaft noma igiya le-helical ( front-wheel drive), ekugcineni isikhathi sidluliswa kuma-main pair namasondo. Isici esiyinhloko se-GP (i-main pair) isilinganiso segiya. Lo mqondo usho isilinganiso senani lamazinyo egiya eliyinhloko ku-shank noma igiya le-helical. Imininingwane eyengeziwe: uma inani lamazinyo egiya lokushayela lingamazinyo angu-9, igiya eliqhutshwa yi-41, khona-ke ngokuhlukanisa i-41: 9 sithola isilinganiso segiya esingu-4.55, okuyinto emotweni yomgibeli inikeza inzuzo ekusheshiseni nasekuhambeni, kodwa kuthinta kabi isivinini esiphezulu. Kumamotho anamandla kakhulu, inani elamukelekayo lepheya eliyinhloko lingahluka kusuka ku-2.1 kuye ku-3.9. 

Inqubo yokusebenza eyehlukile:

• I-torque ihlinzekwa kugiya lokushayela, okuthi, ngenxa yokuxubha kwamazinyo, liyidlulisele egiyeni eliqhutshwa;
• igiya eliqhutshwa nenkomishi, ngenxa yokushintshana, kwenza iziphuphutheki zisebenze;
• iziphuphutheki ekugcineni zidlulisa umzuzu ohlangothini lwe-ekseli;
• uma umehluko ukhululekile, khona-ke ngomthwalo ofanayo emiphini ye-axle, i-torque izokwabiwa ngo-50: 50, kuyilapho ama-satellite engasebenzi, kodwa ajikeleza kanye negiya, echaza ukujikeleza kwawo;
• lapho ujika, lapho kulayishwa khona isondo elilodwa, ngenxa yegiya le-bevel, shaft shaft eyodwa ijikeleza ngokushesha, enye ihambe kancane.

Idivayisi yokugcina yedrayivu

Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-GPU nedivayisi yomehluko:

• igiya lokushayela - ithola i-torque ngqo kusuka ku-gearbox noma nge-cardan;
• igiya elishayelwa - lixhuma i-GPU namasathelayithi;
• inkampani yenethiwekhi - izindlu zamasathelayithi;
• amagiya elanga;
• iziphuphutheki.

Ukuhlukaniswa kokushayela kokugcina

Emkhakheni wokuthuthukiswa komkhakha wezimoto, umehluko uhlala uvuselelwa, izinga lezinto liyathuthuka, kanye nokuthembeka kweyunithi.

Ngenombolo yamaphara wokuzibandakanya

• eyodwa (yakudala) - umhlangano uqukethe igiya lokushayela nelishayelwa;
• kabili - amapheya amabili amagiya asetshenziswa, lapho i-pair yesibili itholakala kuma-hubs amasondo okushayela. Uhlelo olufanayo lusetshenziswa kuphela emalolini nasemabhasini ukuze kuhlinzekwe isilinganiso segiya esikhuphukile.

Ngohlobo lokuxhuma kwegiya

• i-cylindrical - esetshenziswa ezimotweni zokushayela ngamasondo angaphambili ezinenjini ephambanayo, amagiya e-helical kanye nohlobo lwe-chevron lokuzibandakanya;
• i-conical - ikakhulukazi i-back-wheel drive, kanye ne-axle yangaphambili yemoto edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo;
• i-hypoid - evame ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni zabagibeli ezinamasondo angemuva.

Ngokuhlelwa

• ku-gearbox (idrayivu edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili enenjini eguqukayo), umbhangqwana oyinhloko nokwehluka kutholakala ezindlini zebhokisi lamagiya, i-gearing iyi-helical noma i-chevron;
• endaweni ehlukile yezindlu noma i-axle stocking - esetshenziselwa ukushayela ngamasondo angemuva kanye nezimoto ezidonsa wonke amasondo, lapho ukudluliselwa kwe-torque ku-gearbox kudluliselwa nge-cardan shaft.

Ukungasebenzi kahle okukhulu

• ukwehluleka kokuthela okuhlukile - kuma-gearbox, ama-bearings asetshenziswa ukuvumela umehluko ukuzungeza. Lena ingxenye esengozini kakhulu esebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo ebucayi (isivinini, izinguquko zokushisa). Lapho ama-roller noma amabhola egqokwa, i-bearing ikhipha i-hum, ivolumu ekhuphuka ngokulingana nejubane lemoto. Ukunganakwa kokushintshwa okufika ngesikhathi kwe-bearing kusongela ukujamisa amagiya ombhangqwana oyinhloko, ngokulandelayo - ekuthatheni indawo yonke inhlangano, okuhlanganisa amasathelayithi nama-axle shafts;
• ukuqala kwamazinyo e-GP neziphuphutheki. Izindawo ezihlikihlwayo zezingxenye zingagqokwa, ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu okugijima, amazinyo abo bobabili ayasulwa, igebe phakathi kwabo liyakhula, okuholela ekukhuliseni ukudlidliza nokuhayiza. Ngalokhu, ukulungiswa kwesiqeshana sokuxhumana kuyanikezwa, ngenxa yokwengezwa kwama-spacer washers;
• ukugunda kwamazinyo e-GPU namasathelayithi - kwenzeka uma uvame ukuqala ngokushelela;
• ukukhotha kwengxenye ehlukanisiwe kuma-axle shafts nama-satellites - ukuguga kwemvelo nokudabula ngokuya ngemayela lemoto;
• ukuguqula umkhono we-axle shaft - kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi imoto kunoma yiliphi igiya izoma, futhi i-gearbox izojikeleza;
• ukuvuza kukawoyela - okungenzeka kube umphumela wokwenyuka kwengcindezi ku-crankcase ehlukile ngenxa yokuphefumula okuvalekile noma ngenxa yokwephulwa kokuqina kwesembozo sebhokisi legiya.

Isevisi isebenza kanjani

U-gearbox akahlinzekwa kangako, imvamisa yonke into inqunyelwe ekushintsheni uwoyela. Ekugijimeni kuka-150 km, kungadingeka ukulungisa i-bearing, kanye ne-patch yokuxhumana phakathi kwegiya eqhutshwa nokushayela. Lapho ushintsha uwoyela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlanza umgodi wezingubo zokugqoka (ama-chips amancane) nokungcola. Akudingekile ukusebenzisa ukukhishwa kwe-axle reducer, kwanele ukusebenzisa ama-000 litres wephethiloli kadizili, vumela iyunithi igijime ngejubane eliphansi.

Amathiphu wokuthi ungakwelula kanjani ukusebenza kwe-GPU nokwehluka:

• shintsha uwoyela ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi uma isitayela sakho sokushayela sinemidlalo, imoto ibekezelela imithwalo ephezulu (ukushayela ngesivinini esikhulu, ukuthutha izimpahla);
• lapho ushintsha umkhiqizi kawoyela noma ushintsha i-viscosity, giya u-gearbox;
• nge-mileage engaphezu kuka-200 km, kunconywa ukusebenzisa izithasiselo. Kungani udinga isithasiselo - i-molybdenum disulfide, njengengxenye yokwengeza, ikuvumela ukuthi unciphise ukungqubuzana kwezingxenye, ngenxa yalokho izinga lokushisa liyancipha, amafutha agcina izakhiwo zawo isikhathi eside. Khumbula ukuthi ngokugqoka okuqinile kombhangqwana oyinhloko, akunangqondo ukusebenzisa isithasiselo;
• gwema ukuqala ngokushelela.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ngenzani igiya eliyinhloko? Igiya eliyinhloko liyingxenye yokudluliselwa kwemoto (amagiya amabili: idrayivu futhi ishayelwa), eguqula i-torque futhi iyidlulise isuka kumotho iye ku-axle yokushayela.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokushayela kokugcina nokuhluka? Igiya elikhulu liyingxenye ka-gearbox, umsebenzi wawo ukudlulisa i-torque emasondweni, futhi umehluko uyadingeka ukuze amasondo abe nesivinini sawo sokujikeleza, isibonelo, uma ejika.

Iyini inhloso yegiya eliyinhloko emshinini wokudlulisa? I-gearbox ithola i-torque ku-flywheel yenjini nge-clutch basket. Ipheya lokuqala lamagiya ku-gearbox liyingxenye ebalulekile ekuguquleni ukudonsa kuya ku-axle yokushayela.