Yini ama-hubs futhi ayini

Ihabhu lemoto liyingxenye ebalulekile ye-chassis. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kuthatha imithwalo esindayo, futhi inikeza uxhumano oluthembekile lwesondo ngokumiswa kanye nezingxenye zokubopha. Ake sibhekisise ukuthi ayini amahabhu, idivayisi yawo nokuxazulula inkinga.

Yini ihabhu 

Ihabhu iwumhlangano oxhumanisa ingxenye yokuthwala nokumiswa, ukuze isondo lijikeleze mahhala. Isimiso sokusebenza senziwa ngokuthwala ama-roller avumela isondo ne-brake disc ukuthi ijikeleze. Ngenxa yokuthwala, isondo linamandla okujikeleza. Ngokuya ngokuguqulwa, ihabhu lingahlanganiswa ne-brake disc nesigubhu. Futhi, ihabhu ingafaka inzwa ye-ABS, izikhonkwane zamasondo, ama-ABS Combs. Ukulungiswa kwehabhu okulula kwenziwa ngokuhlukana ne-bearing. 

Yini isikhungo?

Kungakhathalekile ukwakheka nemodeli yemoto, isondo ngalinye "lihlala" kuhabhu. Lokhu kuvumela isondo ne-brake disc ukushintshanisa okuhlobene nesiqu sokuqondisa noma ugongolo usebenzisa ukuthwala. Endabeni yamasondo okushayela, ihabhu lidlulisa i-torque ngemiphini ye-axle, ngoba kulokhu kune-splines ekhethekile kuyo, lapho kufakwa khona i-gearbox drive (okukhipha shaft). 

Idivayisi yehabhu

Ngokucabangela iqiniso lokuthi ihabhu lisebenza ngaphansi komthwalo omkhulu, izindlu zalo zenziwa ngesamente eliqinile "elingenalutho". Ubukhulu bama-hubs nezinga lamandla kubalwa lapho kudalwa imoto, ebheka isisindo semoto, usayizi wamasondo, nezimpawu zejubane. Ihabhu lihlelwe kanjena:

• umzimba oyindilinga unezimbobo zokufaka umuthi noma ifindo lokushayela;
• ngaphandle kweyunithi yehabhu kunemigodi yamabhawodi amasondo noma ama-studs, afakwe kuyunithi ngokucindezela;
• ukuthwala, njengokujwayelekile, i-roller enemigqa emibili, ama-tapered bearings (amakhulu namancane) awavamile;
• ukutholakala kwekama kanye nenzwa yokujikeleza isondo (yohlelo lwe-ABS);
• ukuthwala okuqinile (ingxenye yangaphakathi icindezelwa emgodini noma engxenyeni engaphandle).

Izici ezijwayelekile nobukhulu

Kumodeli yemoto ngayinye, abakhiqizi bezimoto bahlinzeka ngosayizi abahlukene bamahabhu. Asikhulumi ngama-co-platformers (lawa amamodeli ahlukene aqoqwe endaweni efanayo, isibonelo, i-VAZ-2108,09,099 ifakwe izingxenye eziningi ezifanayo).

Ububanzi behabhu, ngisho nengxenye ethwele, incike kububanzi bamarimu. Ukunquma ukuthi yimaphi amasondo angafakwa, kunepharamitha efana ne-hub diameter (DIA). Kumarimu ajwayelekile, ububanzi behabhu kanye nokubhoboza okumaphakathi kwamarimu kufanelana kahle.

Uma ufaka isondo ngesihlalo esingafaneleki, ngisho noma ukwazi ukwenza lokhu, isondo lizolenga ngesikhathi sokugibela. Kulokhu, abashayeli bafaka izindandatho ze-adaptha.

Izici zokubopha ihabhu esondweni

Ihabhu linamathiselwe ku-knuckle yokuqondisa noma ugongolo (kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwe-chassis) usebenzisa i-bearing (ngokuya ngokuguqulwa, ingaba eyodwa noma ezimbili). Ihabhu lesondo eliqhutshwa engxenyeni emaphakathi ifakwe ku-bearing, ehlanganiswe ne-nut. Ixhunywe emzimbeni wesigubhu sebhuleki.

Ihabhu lesondo lokushayela lifakwe ngaphakathi ku-drive shaft kusetshenziswa ukuxhumana kwe-spline. Ingxenye engaphandle yokuthwala icindezelwa equlwini lokuqondisa. Ezimotweni zesimanje, i-roller noma i-tapered bear ifakwe phakathi kwehabhu kanye ne-trunnion noma i-beam. Ihabhu ngokwalo lenziwe ngensimbi eqinile eqinile engenalutho, lapho ingxenye yenziwe ngomshini.

Izinhlobo zama-hubs kanye nama-bearings

Kuma-wheel drive, into egingqikayo yibhola noma ama-roller tapered. Ngokuya ngezinga lomthwalo, ukuthwala kungaba ngomugqa owodwa futhi ngokuqondile. Imvamisa ama-roller tapered angumugqa owodwa ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamabheringi amabili kuhabhu (encane nenkulu). Amabheringi amarowu amabili asetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yamandla aphezulu nokuthembeka, okusho ukuthi insiza yabo ingafinyelela kumakhulu ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha. 

Ama-tapered bearings - isevisi, idinga ukuvuselelwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwamafutha okushisa okuphezulu, isembozo esivikelayo siyadingeka ukuvimbela ukungcola nomswakama ukuba ungangeni. Ukulungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka ngokuqinisa i-hub nut.

Irowu Double amabombo - okungagadiwe. Ngokuvamile zishintsha kanye nehabhu. Ukuthwala kuvaliwe ezinhlangothini zombili ngesembozo sepulasitiki sokuqina okuthembekile. Ayikwazi ukulungiswa, uma ukudlala kwenzeka, kudingeka ukushintshwa.

AmaHub ahlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu:

• kumasondo okushayela angalawuleki - agibele i-ekseli yangemuva yemoto, exhunywe ngokuqinile esitokisini se-ekseli noma iqupha lokuqondisa. Inama-splines angaphakathi e-axle shaft, eboshwe ngenadi kuhabhu;
• kumasondo angashayelwanga - (i-front-wheel drive) agibele i-axle yangemuva ngokuxhunywa ku-beam noma i-trunnion. Uhlobo lwama-bearings nama-hubs luncike ekuguqulweni kwemoto (ingaba eyodwa ene-drum noma i-brake disc). Ihluke ngomklamo olula;
• ukushayela amasondo ayisiteringi - iyiyunithi exhunywe kwiqupha lokuqondisa. Inomgodi ohlukanisiwe we-axle shaft, kungenzeka ukuthi ube nenzwa ye-ABS. Ezimotweni zesimanje, ihabhu alinakekelo.

Izimbangela nezimpawu zokuqhekeka kwendiza

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza komshini, izikhungo zivame ukuguga ngenxa yalezi zizathu ezilandelayo:

• ukugqoka okwemvelo;
• ukufakwa kwamasondo amakhulu kunokunconywa ngumenzi (iphrofayili yenjoloba ephansi, ububanzi be-disc enkulu);
• ukusebenza kwemoto ebusweni bomgwaqo omubi (ihabhu unit iba nemithelela);
• umkhiqizo osezingeni eliphansi;
• ukuqina okuqinile noma okubuthakathaka kwe-hub bolt noma i-nut.

Izimpawu:

• umsindo okhulayo ovela kuyunithi ekhathele;
• imoto isuka emzileni;
• ukunyusa isidlidlizi lapho ushayela.

Kubalulekile ukukhomba ukungasebenzi kahle ngesikhathi, kungenjalo kuzoholela ekubanjweni kwayo, okuyingozi enkulu ngejubane elikhulu!

Amathiphu wokuthi ungayibona futhi uyihlolisise kanjani inkinga?

Uphawu oluqinisekile lokuhluleka kwehabhu ukuvungama okuqinile okuvela ngesivinini esingu-40 km/h. Amandla e-hum akhuphuka ngokulingana nejubane. Imoto kufanele ithunyelwe ukuxilonga, lapho ngokulenga isondo, ukunyakaza okujikelezayo, kanye nama-jolts, uhlangothi kanye nezinga lokugqoka kuzonqunywa. Ungakwazi ukushwiba isondo ngokwakho ngokulenga imoto ngojeke.

Ukushintsha ihabhu akunzima uma kuyunithi elilodwa elinokuthwala. Kwanele ukususa isondo, uqaqe izikulufu ezimbili ezivikela idrayivu yamabhuleki, futhi ukhiphe ihabhu esikhaleni sokugoqa. Ubunzima obukhona kungenzeka lapho kukhona inzwa ye-ABS (isixhumi sivame ukuba muncu).

Ukunweba impilo yamahabhu kulula:

• amayunithi atholakalayo alungisa ngesikhathi futhi avuselele i-lubricant;
• zama ukugwema imigodi namaqhubu;
• brake kahle phambi kwezingqinamba (ukugoba okusheshayo, njll.), ukulayisha ukumiswa;
• faka amasondo osayizi ofanele;
• gwema izingxenye ezingekho ezingeni;
• ukuqapha ukuqondanisa kwamasondo, kanye nokusebenza kweshassis isiyonke.

Ungashintsha kanjani noma ulungise ihabhu?

Ihabhu lamasondo emotweni lenziwe ngensimbi ehlala isikhathi eside, ngenxa yokuthi akuvamile ukuhluleka. Ngokuyisisekelo, ukuguqulwa noma ukuphuka kwalo mhlangano kwenzeka ngenxa yomthelela onamandla kakhulu.

I-hub nayo idinga ukushintshwa kuphela uma kungenakwenzeka ukucindezela i-bearing out of it, futhi umhlangano awusakwazi ukusebenza ngenxa yokugqoka okunzima. Uma, ngenxa yokusebenza budedengu kwemisebenzi yaso, isisebenzi esifaka amathayi sidabule ibhawodi noma i-stud kuhabhu, futhi asikwazi ukubhobolwa noma sikhishwe nganoma iyiphi indlela, khona-ke ihabhu kuzodingeka futhi lishintshwe.

Ukulungiselela amathuluzi

Ukushintsha ihabhu, ikakhulukazi isondo langaphambili, kudinga amakhono athile namathuluzi akhethekile:

• Ukugcina isikhiphi sendandatho;
• Umdonsi wendebe;
• Ingcindezi;
• i-screwdriver;
• UJack;
• Amashizolo;
• Molotkov.

Ukuvimbela imoto ukuthi ingagxumi ku-jack ngesikhathi somsebenzi, imoto kufanele futhi igxilwe kulogi noma omunye umshwalense. Uma udinga ukufaka esikhundleni sehabhu noma ukuzala kwayo, kufanele uthenge izingxenye ezisele ezintsha kusenesikhathi.

Ilungiselela umshini

Imoto igqekeziwe. Uma ihabhu langaphambili lishintshwa, khona-ke ibhuleki lesandla lingasetshenziswa njengesici sokuhlehla. Uma ihabhu elingemuva lishintshwa, khona-ke amasondo angaphambili kufanele asekelwe ngaphezu kwalokho nge-chock wheel (uma nje ufaka imoto egiyeni, isazoqhubeka nokuhamba phambili naphambili).

Ukulungiselela ingxenye

Okulandelayo, udinga ukukhulula amabhawodi amasondo namantongomane ehabhu. Uma intambo yayo ibambekile, futhi ayikwazi ukukhishwa nganoma iyiphi indlela, ungakwazi ukusika ngokucophelela unqenqema olulodwa (ngokwesibonelo, ungazama ukubhoboza lolu hlangothi nge-drill). Khona-ke, nge-chisel e-blunt, yonke inati ihlukaniswa kancane (kwanele ukushaya i-chisel efakwe ku-slot eyenziwe ngesando izikhathi eziningana). Le nqubo kufanele yenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze ingalimazi intambo lapho i-nati ifakwe khona.

Ngemuva kokuthi isondo lisusiwe futhi i-hub nut isivuliwe, i-cap yokuzivikela ikhishwa nge-screwdriver. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-brake caliper iyasuswa. Ikhishwa ku-brake disc ihanjiswe eceleni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabheringi amabhola, amathiphu esiteringi nezinye izakhi ziyanqanyulwa ku-trunnion ukuze kudedelwe iqunuckle lokuqondisa. I-suspension strut iyasuswa futhi ihabhu ngokwalo ngesibhakela liyahlakazwa. Okulandelayo, ungashintsha i-bearing noma ihabhu lonke.

Izinketho ezintathu zokulungisa

Njengoba sekushiwo, ihabhu ngokwalo cishe alilokothi lehluleke. Imvamisa idinga ukuhlakazwa ukuze kungenelwe isondo elithwalayo. Kunezinketho ezintathu zokuyishintsha:

1. Ukudiliza i-bearing usebenzisa idonsa ekhethekile ngaphandle kokukhipha iqupha lokuqondisa.
2. Ukudiliza i-bearing ngemuva kokukhipha ijenali. Ngemva kwalokho, iboshiwe ku-vice, futhi ukuthwala kucindezela ngaphandle.
3. I-rack yonke isuswa kanye ne-knuckle yokuqondisa, emva kwalokho ukuthwala kuqedwa esakhiweni esiboshwe ku-vice.

Ngayinye yalezi zinketho inokufaneleka kwayo. Esimweni sokuqala, asikho isidingo sokulungisa ukuqondanisa ngemva kokufaka esikhundleni sokuthwala. Kodwa inqubo yokushintsha ingxenye izoba nzima ngangokunokwenzeka.

Indlela yesibili ilula. Kodwa kunengqondo ukuthi ngemva kokufaka i-bearing noma ihabhu, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukulungisa ukuqondanisa kwemoto. Ngaphambi kokukhipha i-knuckle yokuqondisa, uzodinga ukubeka uphawu kuyo ukuze ukwazi ukuyifaka kahle ngokuhlobene ne-strut yokumiswa. Kuyadingeka futhi ukumaka indawo yebhawodi yokulungisa. Le ndlela iphelele kulabo abadinga ukufaka esikhundleni se-wheel bearing ehambisana nokushintshwa okuhleliwe kwama-ball bearings, amabhlogo athule, njll.

Lapho wenza le nqubo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela ekhethiwe, kubalulekile ukwenza umsebenzi wokudiliza ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ukugoqa i-bearing kungalimazi ihabhu nezingxenye zemoto eziseduze. I-bearing ngokwayo, lapho ikhishwa, ezimweni eziningi iyabhujiswa.

Ividiyo ngesihloko

Nansi i-hack encane yempilo yokuthi ungayisusa kanjani ngokucophelela ihabhu ku-knuckle yokuqondisa ngaphandle komdonsi okhethekile:

Indlela elula yokususa ihabhu langaphambili kusuka kumboko wokuqondisa

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Yini amahabhu ezimoto? Kuyingxenye yesisu semoto esixhuma isondo kushaft. Izikhungo zangaphambili nangemuva azihlukile kakhulu komunye nomunye.

Mangaki amahabhu asemotweni? Inani lamahabhu emotweni linqunywa inani lamasondo. Zine ezihamba ngezimoto zabagibeli. Uma iloli linamasondo amabili kolunye uhlangothi lwe-ekseli, khona-ke alungiswa kwihabhu elilodwa.

Kufanele uyishintshe nini ihabhu? Ukufakwa esikhundleni sehabhu ejwayelekile akwenziwa. Ishintsha kuphela uma kwenzeka iphuka (ngejubane elikhulu imoto ingene emgodini noma engozini), uma isondo ligugile, kodwa alikwazi ukucindezelwa, futhi nalapho ibhawodi lesondo liwile ( ezinye izingcweti ziyakwazi ukukhipha okuseleyo kwesitudiyo ngokubhola, kepha kuthatha isikhathi esiningi nomzamo).