Kuyini ukubuyela emuva, izimbangela zako kanye nokuqedwa

I-Backlash kungukudlala kwamahhala ngokuxhumeka kwezingxenye ezimbili zemoto noma ngaphezulu. I-backlash evunyelwe yinani elikhulu lokufuduswa okungabalulekanga kwinto elawulwayo.

Lokhu kungenzeka ku:

• Ukulawula
• ama-transmit driveshafts;
• izakhi zamagiya agijimayo;
• ukumiswa kwezindawo.

Ake sibheke izimbangela zokuhamba ngesondo ngokukhululeka kwikholomu yokuqondisa. Ngemuva kwalokho - ungayilungisa kanjani.

Kuyini ukudlala

Ikholomu yokuqondisa iyindawo yokuqala lapho ukuvela kwamahhala kungabonakala. Ingxenye yayo eyinhloko isiqu, esigxishwe emgodini onamahinji.

Ukuxhumana kwalezi zinto kuhlinzekwa ngokuhanjiswa kwegiya. Noma kusuka efektri, kunegebe elincane kukho. Kuyadingeka ukuze imiphetho yamazinyo ingagugi ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yamandla empi.

Umshayeli angayibona le nto ngokuguqula isondo lokushayela kwesokunxele nakwesokudla ukuze ukuqondisa kwamasondo kungashintshi. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza komshini, ukudlala mahhala emajoyini kuyanda. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ngenxa yokugqokwa kwendalo nokuqhekeka kwezingxenye.

Ukusebenza kwezimoto kusebenza kanjani - bheka isibuyekezo sevidiyo:

Izimbangela zokuhlehla

Ukuhlehla esiqondisweni kubonakala ngenxa yokuguga kwezindawo zokusebenza ekuthwaleni, emkhonweni, ku-bipod shaft, ku-T-slot, ekhanda lesikulufu sokulungisa. Ngaphezu kokudlala kwamahhala kwesondo lokuqondisa, ukugqokwa kwezingxenye ezinjalo kuholela ekungqongqozeni, ukudlidliza, okuthinta ukunethezeka nokuphepha ngenkathi ushayela.

Ngokuvamile, i-node yokuqala lapho ukugqoka kubonakala khona ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-roller nesibungu. Ngenxa ye-axial displacement yesibungu, lapho ujika isiteringi ngesivinini esikhulu, imoto ingalahlekelwa ukulawula futhi ingene engozini.

Ngaphezu kokuthuthukiswa kwemvelo kwezingxenye zokuxhumana, isimo esibi semigwaqo siholela ekugqokeni esiqondisweni. Nakuba umthwalo omkhulu lapho ushayela emigwaqweni enjalo uwela ekumisweni kwemoto, umshini wokuqondisa nawo uyawuthola kancane. Futhi, amathayi asezingeni eliphansi ahlotshaniswa nokungasebenzi kahle okunjalo.

Ukukhulula amantongomane

Nakuba iningi lezizathu zokubukeka kwe-backlash zihlotshaniswa nokuwohloka noma ukuguga kwe-node ethile, ngezinye izikhathi lo mphumela uvela ngenxa yezizathu ezingavamile. Isibonelo salokhu ukuxega kwenati eliqinisa isiteringi.

Ezimotweni ezindala, ukuqeda lo mphumela, kwanele ukususa ingxenye yokuhlobisa yesondo lokuqondisa futhi uqinise nati. Uma imoto isebenzisa i-airbag efakwe esiteringini, kufanele icishwe kahle ukuze ingaphumi (ukwenza lokhu, nqamula ibhethri).

I-tie rod end wear

Esinye sezigqoko eziyingozi kakhulu ekuqondiseni ukugqoka emaphethelweni e-tie rod. Lezi zingxenye zihlale zivezwa umthwalo onzima, futhi ziqhutshwa endaweni enolaka (amanzi njalo nokungcola, futhi ebusika nama-reagents emigwaqo).

Ngenxa yemithwalo engapheli kanye nomthelela onamandla, ama-liners aphethe amabhola, okuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi azokwenza imoto ingalawuleki (ithiphu liyahlukana futhi amasondo aphenduka ngokucijile ngezindlela ezahlukene, ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka lapho uphenduka).

Ngaphezu kwezizathu ezingenhla, ukudlala kokuqondisa kungase kube ngenxa yalokhu:

• Isondo eliphukile;
• Ukuqiniswa okungalungile kwentongomane yesondo lokuqondisa noma izinduku zokulungisa;
• Ukugqoka ama-ball bearings;
• Gqoka amalunga ekhadini (akusetshenziselwa ukudluliswa kwemoto kuphela);
• Ukwenyuka kokuvunyelwa kwe-bar kanye negiya noma ngokugqoka kwabo;
• Uwoyela we-hydraulic okhethwe ngokungalungile.

Izimpawu zokuphuka

Ukugqoka okungokwemvelo nokudabulwa kwamajoyinti egiya kanye namagiya acacile kuhamba kancane, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuthi umshayeli aqaphele ukuthi umdlalo uqala nini ukwanda. Ukulawula le nqubo, umshayeli wemoto kumele ngezikhathi ezithile ahlole le pharamitha. Ngakho-ke, ezimotweni ezinabagibeli, kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile lapho isondo lamahhala lejubane lingafiki degrees 10.

Lapho, ngenkathi ushayela, imoto yehlisa ukuphendula ukuphenduka kwesondo lokushayela, umshayeli kudingeka ame futhi abheke ukuthi siyini isizathu. Lokhu kuwuphawu olucacile lokwephuka.

Noma yikuphi ukuncipha, ukungqongqoza, ukudlidliza, ukuphambuka komshini ngokulandelana kokunikezwe - konke lokhu kuyizimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kokuqondisa. Ngenxa yalokhu, esimweni esiphuthumayo, umshayeli kungenzeka angakwazi ukulawula imoto futhi adale ingozi.

Ukudlalwa kwesondo lokuqondisa

Ngokwesaba lokhu, abanye abashayeli bezimoto ngokuvamile bazama ukuqeda ukudlala kwamahhala kwesondo lokuqondisa. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuzosheshisa ukugqokwa kwezingxenye futhi zizodinga ukushintshwa ngezintsha kaningi kunokujwayelekile.

Kumsebenzi wokusebenza kwezimoto nokulungisa, umenzi ukhombisa ukudlala okuvunyelwe kokuqondisa. Uma le mininingwane ingekho, kufanele uqale ngezidingo eziyisisekelo ezichazwe emithethweni yethrafikhi.

Umshini kumele uhlangabezane nezidingo ezilandelayo:

Uhlobo lwemoto:	Ububanzi obusebenza emuva buyisela emuva (ngamadigri)
Umgibeli	10
Cargo	25
Ibhasi	20

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kukhulu ubukhulu bemoto, kukhuphuka inani lokuhamba ngesondo kwamahhala.

Ungahlola kanjani ukudlala kwesondo lokuqondisa

Hlola ukudlala kwesondo ngokulandelayo.

• Paka imoto endaweni eyiqinile, engaphezulu kwendawo - ukhonkolo noma asphalt. Amasondo ezimoto awomile, ahlanzekile futhi asethelwe kwicala le-axis ende yomzimba.
• Ngaphambi kokulinganisa, isondo lokuqondisa liguqulwa kwesobunxele nakwesokudla ukuze uzwe umzuzu lapho amasondo eqala ukuguqula indlela yawo.
• Idivayisi ifakwe esondweni lokuqondisa, elikhombisa izinga lokuphambuka iphuzu eliphakathi nendawo.
• Izinkomba ezijika ngakwesokunxele nesobunxele zihlanganiswa ndawonye.

Yiliphi ithuluzi elihloliwe

Indlela elula yokulinganisa i-backlash ye-rudder ngombusi ojwayelekile. Kwenziwa umaki esondweni lokuqondisa. Ngemuva kwalokho iphendukela kwesokunene, umbusi ubekwa esikalini kuya emaki, bese kuthi ngomphetho owodwa uphumule kwi-rack yesokunxele. Lapho ujikela ngakwesobunxele ngakwesobunxele, umaki uzodlula ngokwahlukana okuningi esikalini. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ndlela ayilungile ekudluliseleni ukuhlolwa kwemoto.

Nansi enye indlela yokuthola ingqikithi ye-backlash:

Ungahlola kanjani isondo eliqondisa wena

Ukuze unqume ngokunembile inani le-backlash, udinga ukuthenga imitha yokubuyisela emuva. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalezi zinsiza: i-elektroniki nemishini. Esokuqala sinembe kakhudlwana, singaba nemisebenzi eminingi futhi kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Isigaba sesibili asidingi amabhethri, futhi athembeke kakhulu.

Nakhu indlela imodeli ye-elekthronikhi esebenza ngayo:

Ungayihlola kanjani indlela okudlalwa ngayo nedivaysi ye-ISL-M

Izimbangela ezingenzeka zokuhlehlela emuva nokuxilonga kwabo

Ngaphezu kokugqokwa kwemvelo kanye nezinye zezingxenye, isizathu sokubukeka kokudlala kwamahhala kwikholomu yokuqondisa kungumphumela wokungasebenzi kahle kwezingxenye ezihilelekile ekushayeleni imoto. Konke ukwehlukana kungatholakala ngalezi zindlela ezintathu ezilandelayo.

Injini icishiwe

Uma ukwanda kokudlala kwamahhala kuzwakala nge-injini ivaliwe, kufanele kuhlolwe wonke umjikelezo wokuqondisa. Nazi izinkinga ezinkulu ezingavezwa ngokuxilongwa kwezifo:

• amathiphu wokuqondisa akhathele;
• ukwephulwa kwesiphambano sesikebhe rack shaft;
• ukuthuthukiswa kwamagiya egreyini emazinyweni;
• uma imoto ifakwe ngegiya lokuqondisa (izimoto ezindala lapho isebenza njengokuqondisa amandla), khona-ke ukubuyela emuva kungabonakala ngomshini wayo;
• ukugqokwa kwejoyi lebhola eliphezulu noma elingezansi.

Lapho ushayela

Uma isondo lokuqondisa likhululekile ngenkathi ushayela, kufanele unake izinkinga ezihlobene.

• Imoto idonsela eceleni. Isizathu asilungiswa ngokuqondiswa kwesondo.
• Lapho isondo lokuqondisa liphenduka, kuba nomsindo ongajwayelekile. Isizathu alilingani lamazinga okuhambisa ugesi.
• Ngqongqoze ngaphambili lapho ushayela emigwaqweni emigwaqo. Isizathu ukwehluleka kwezinduku zokuqondisa nezeluleko zazo. Uma lokhu kungqongqoza kunika isondo lokuqondisa, udinga ukubheka okukhona.
• Ukudlidliza kwamandla. Kwenzeka lapho amasondo engasasebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbangela yoku runout kwe-rudder kungenzeka kube ukuhlukana kwamalunga webhola noma izeluleko zokuqondisa.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukugibela. Ukujika okungatheni kwesondo lokuqondisa kukhombisa ukugqokwa esihlakaleni.

Lapho braking

Ukudlala kwamahhala kwesondo lokuqondisa okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokumiswa kungakhombisa izinkinga ezinjalo:

• ukwehluleka kokuzala kwehabhu. Ungakubona lokhu kwehla ngokuphakamisa imoto ku-jack bese unyakazisa isondo. Uma isikhululekile, ke inkinga ikuthwele kwesondo.
• ngemuva kokulungiswa kwamakhenikhi kwe-chassis kamuva nje, isivinini sehabhu sasiqiniswa kahle;
• izikejana zokubopha ezikhululekile;
• ukugqokwa kwama-discs ama-brake noma ama-pads.

Noma yiluphi ushintsho ekuziphatheni kwemoto emgwaqweni lufanele ukunakwa eduze komshayeli. Ukunganaki ama-alamu akufani nokuhluleka kwezingxenye, kepha futhi nokwakhiwa kwesimo esiphuthumayo.

Ungakuqeda kanjani ukubuyela emuva

Ezimweni eziningi, ukudlala ngokuqondisa kungasuswa ngokulungisa kahle ukulawulwa kwemoto. Kuyafaneleka ukubheka ukuqina kwazo zonke izigaxa ezisheshayo, futhi unake nezikulufo ezihlelayo. Ungawukhipha kanjani umdlalo wokuqondisa ezimweni ezinzima?

Ikholamu yokuqondisa

Amalunga weCardan aqondiselwe kugobongo lokuqondisa. Kukhona ezimbili zazo kukholomu ejwayelekile. Zilungiswe ngamabhande. Esinye isizathu sokudlala kwamahhala ekholini lokuqondisa ukukhula izidleke lapho kufakwa khona lezi zinto.

Ukuze wenze ukulungiswa, uzodinga ukubeka imoto ngaphezulu kweqile noma uyihambise egalaji enomgodi wokubuka. Lapho ufaka esikhundleni sesiphambano, isondo lokuqondisa kufanele lilungiswe. Uma, ngemuva kokufaka esikhundleni sokujoyina, umshayeli ezwa umsindo ohlabayo, izimbotshana zokuqinisa kufanele ziqiniswe.

Ukupheliswa kwe-backlash kugiya lokuqondisa (uma lukhona emotweni) kwenziwa ngokulungisa igebe phakathi kwe-bipod shaft ne-worm shaft.

Isiteringi

Kuyivelakancane, kepha kwenzeka ukuthi ukushintshwa okuphelele kwazo zonke izingxenye ezigqokile akukuqedi ukwanda kokudlala kwamahhala. Kulokhu, hlola ukufakwa kwesondo lokuqondisa ngokwalo. Kwezinye izimoto, ukufakwa kwegiya lale ngxenye kuyehluleka ngenxa yezinto ezisezingeni eliphansi okwenziwe ngazo.

Ngakho-ke, ukususa ukudlala ohlelweni lokulawula imoto akuyona nje into yokududuza. Ukuphepha kwawo wonke umuntu osemotweni kuncike empilweni yezakhi zalo.

Nayi enye ithiphu ewusizo yokwenza ukuqondisa kwakho:

Ungayiqinisa kanjani i-rack yokuqondisa ngamandla okuqondisa? Ingabe kuyakufaneleka ukulungiswa?

Imiphumela yokushayela nge-backlash enkulu

Uma umshayeli engakunaki ukunyuka okuya kancane kancane kwesiteringi isikhathi eside (futhi lokhu kwenzeka cishe ngokungacaci), ngokuhamba kwesikhathi imoto izoma ukuphendula ngesikhathi esifanele ezenzweni zomshayeli - ukujika kwamasondo ngokushayisana isiteringi. Ngejubane eliphansi, ungayilawula imoto, yize ukugibela okunjalo kungabizwa ngokuthi kukhululekile, ikakhulukazi lapho imoto ihamba ngomkhondo - ezokuthutha zizohlala zidinga "ukubanjwa", njengoba zizozama njalo ukushintsha umzila wazo.

Kepha ukudlalwa ngesivinini esikhulu nokudlalwa kwesiteringi kungekudala kuzoholela engozini, ikakhulukazi uma imoto ihamba ithrafikhi eningi. Umshayeli angahluleka kalula ukulawula imoto lapho amasondo ayo eshaya imbobo noma yikuphi ukungalingani.

Wonke umshayeli udinga ukubheka i-steering rack angle. Ngeke kube nzima kumshayeli onolwazi ukuthi aqaphele, kepha kwabangenalwazi kunzima kakhulu ukukwenza. Ukwenza lo msebenzi kusebenze imishini ekhethekile etholakala ezinsizakalweni eziningi zezimoto.

Izindleko zokulungisa ukuqeda ukubuyela emuva ekuqondiseni

Ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu, asikho isizathu sokuthenga imishini enjalo. Izindleko ze-luftomer uqobo ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwamadola angama-400-800, futhi ngeke kudingeke usebenzise imishini kaningi, ngakho-ke akulungile ngokomnotho ukuthenga ithuluzi lokuhlonza imoto yakho.

Ngokuqondene nezingxenye ngokwazo, izindleko zazo zingezi:

• Ukunikela - ngaphezu kwe-12 cu;
• Isamba samantongomane - kusuka ku-16 USD;
• Isiqu se-steering rack - ngaphezulu kwe- $ 50;
• I-tie stick joint - ngaphezu kwe- $ 16

Vele, intengo yezingxenye incike kumhlinzeki, inqubomgomo yenkampani yezingxenye zezimoto, kanye nemodeli yemoto. Iklayenti kuzodingeka likhokhe okungenani u- $ 20 ngomsebenzi. Vele, lokhu futhi kuya ngohlu lwamanani esiteshi esithile sesevisi.

Kusho ukuthini ukudlala isiteringi okuphelele?

Imvamisa, ochwepheshe basebenzisa isisho esithi "ukubuyela emuva okuphelele" maqondana nokubuyela emuva lapho ushayela imoto. Ake sicabangele ukuthi kusho ukuthini leli gama. Ngamafuphi, lokhu akukhona ukuphambuka uye ohlangothini olulodwa ukusuka endaweni emaphakathi yesondo lokushayela ngaphambi komzuzwana wokuthinteka kwamasondo, kepha kuyinkomba yokuphambuka okuphezulu ukusuka kwelinye iphuzu eleqile ukuya kwelinye.

Manje imininingwane ethe xaxa yokuthi isiteringi sisebenza kanjani. Induku, efakwe ekudlulisweni kwezinduku zokuqondisa, inokususwa kwamamilimitha ambalwa. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kungabikho ukugqoka okwenziwe endaweni oxhumana nayo yengxenye ngenxa yamandla okulwa ngaphansi komthwalo omkhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sixazululo sobuchwepheshe, ubuso bamazinyo abugugi ngokushesha, futhi lo mshini unempilo esebenza ngokwanele.

Ngokubuka, ubukhona baleli gebe kunqunywa ngokuzungezisa kwesondo lokushayela mahhala kuze kube yilapho amabutho eqala ukudluliselwa esihlokweni. Lokhu kuvumela umshayeli ukuthi anqume ukuthi imoto iqala nini ukushintsha indlela. Abanye abashayeli bacabanga ukuthi lokhu "kuyisici" sefektri bese bezama ukukulungisa. Kepha ukungabi bikho okuphelele kokubuyela emuva kusheshisa ukugqokwa kwenduku, ngenxa yalokho ingxenye kuzodingeka iguqulwe kungekudala.

Ngakho-ke, ukubuyela emuva kwesondo lokushayela kufanele kube khona. Leli pharamitha kuphela okufanele libe semikhawulweni eyamukelekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le pharamitha incike ngqo kubukhulu bemoto: ubukhulu bayo ubukhulu, inkomba yokubuyela emuva ivunyelwe kakhulu kuyo.

Yini ukuqala kwesiteringi?

Lapho ulinganisa isiyingi sokudlala, kudingeka ubheke ukuqala kokujikeleza kwesiteringi. Ukuze unqume le parameter, kufanele usebenzise imishini ekhethekile ekuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuhamba kwamaphini okuqondisa kwelinye uhlangothi noma kolunye ngama-degree angu-0.06.

Ngokubuka, leli nani alikwazi ukunqunywa. Ngenxa yalokhu, amasondo ajikelezayo abekwe endaweni yokuhamba kwemoto eqondile. I-engeli yokuchezuka ukusuka enkabeni yesikhungo ngamadigri ayi-0.06 ukuqala kokuzungezisa isondo lokushayela.

Ividiyo: isusa ukudlala kokuqondisa

Ekupheleni kokubuyekezwa, siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayeze ividiyo encane yokuthi umdlalo wokuqondisa ususwa kanjani:

Ukulungisa i-vaz yesiteringi noma ukuthi ungakususa kanjani ukubuyela emuva kusondo lokushayela

isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, ukwanda kwe-backlash esiteringini kugcwele izinkinga ezinkulu kuze kufike engozini. Ukuze uvimbele umphumela onjalo, kuyadingeka ngezikhathi ezithile ukwenza ukuxilongwa futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukulungisa ukuqondisa.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezivame ukubuzwa:

Ungawulinganisa kanjani umdlalo wokuqondisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga irula, ibha noma ucingo. Amasondo ajikelezayo afakwa kulayini oqonde ngqo emotweni. Kuboshwe intambo, ucingo noma irula ngesiphetho sayo engxenyeni engezansi yesondo lokushayela (uhlangothi olungaphandle lomphetho). Jika isondo lokushayela kuze kube yilapho i-rack iqala ukusebenza kumasondo. Lokhu kuzoba iphuzu elilodwa eleqisayo. Lapha, kwenziwa uphawu emgqeni wesondo lokushayela. Ibha noma irula ayishintshi isikhundla, futhi isondo lokuqondisa liphendukela kolunye uhlangothi kuze kube ngumzuzu wokuthinta amasondo. Lapha futhi, kufakwa ilebula. Ibanga elihambisana nomugqa phakathi kwezimpawu akumele lidlule ngamasentimitha ama-4. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubheke imbangela bese uyiqeda.

Ukudlala ukudlala ngesivinini. Kulabo abashintshela emotweni enesiteringi esinamandla ngejubane elikhulu, kungabonakala sengathi isiteringi sikhululekile kakhulu, yize empeleni kungasekho ukuhlehla emuva. Umphumela ofanayo unemoto esanda kushintshelwa "ubusika". Lawa mathayi athambile, futhi ungathola nomqondo wokuthi ukuqubuka kwenyuka ngejubane. Isiteringi singahle silingane futhi nemoto ayisebenzi (ikakhulukazi uma amasondo ebanzi). Uma ukuqhuma kwesondo lokushayela noma ukusebenza okungalungile kokulawulwa kwemoto kuvele ngemuva kokushaywa kwakamuva emgodini, kubalulekile ukubheka i-geometry yazo zonke izakhi zokuqondisa, ukumiswa kanye ne-chassis.

Ungakususa kanjani ukubuyela emuva kwesondo lokushayela. Lokhu kungadinga ukuqinisa i-steering steering uma lo mphumela ubangelwa ukugqoka kwezinto zokuqinisa noma ukuxegisa okokuqinisa emzimbeni wemoto. Futhi, lokhu kungasebenzi kahle kungabangelwa ukuthuthukiswa komgudu ophakathi. Kulokhu, ingxenye ishintshelwa entsha.