Yini i-immobilizer emotweni nokuthi yenzelwe ini

Enye yezinto ezidingekayo ukuze uthole umshwalense wezimoto kwezinye izinkampani ukuba khona kwe-immobilizer emotweni. Kwesinye isikhathi umnikazi wemoto angahle angazi nokuthi le divayisi ikhona emotweni yakhe.

Yini i-IMMO? Iyini inhloso yayo futhi isebenza kanjani?

Yini i-immobilizer

Lolu uhlelo lwe-elekthronikhi oluvimbela injini ukuthi isebenze, olwenza ukuthi luyeke noma lungaqali. I-immobilizer inezinto eziningana:

• ukhiye obalulekile;
• Ibhlokhi yokulawula;
• kagesi wesifunda full.

Ngokuya ngoshintsho lwedivayisi, ingahlonywa ngokudluliswa kohambo olulodwa noma ngaphezulu.

Onke amamodeli ahlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana.

• Oxhumana naye nongathintwa. Ikhodi yokwenza kungasebenzi ifundwa ukude, noma ngokuthintana ngokomzimba (isibonelo, isithwebuli somunwe).
• Okujwayelekile futhi okungeziwe. Amanye afakwa efektri, amanye afakwa eziteshini zezinsizakalo.

Yini eye immobilizer?

Ngokusekelwe ekuhumusheni okusuka esiNgisini, inhloso yedivayisi ukufaka amandla iyunithi yamandla. Kusetshenziswa njengento eyengeziwe yohlelo lokulwa nokweba. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukunqamula isekethe likagesi kuhlelo lokuthungela nezinye izingxenye zophiko lwamandla.

Amadivayisi afakwe ama-breaker wokuqalisa, ipompo kaphethiloli noma ikhoyili yokushisa. Ngokuya ngokuguqulwa, bangavimbela ukuthi imoto iqale noma iyicishe ngemuva kwesikhathi esifushane.

Isebenza kanjani i-immobilizer

I-IMMO isebenza ngokulandela lo mgomo olandelayo: ikhompyutha yemoto ilungiselelwe ukwenza kusebenze uhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamandla kwamayunithi ngamanye phambi komyalo ovela ku-immobilizer.

Iyunithi yokulawula imishini yokuphepha kumele ithole ikhodi yokungena kumnikazi wemoto. Ngokuya ngemodeli, lokhu kungaba:

• isignali evela ku-chip eyakhelwe kukhiye wokushisa;
• ikhadi eliyisihluthulelo elisebangeni elamukelekayo kusuka kumfundi wekhodi;
• inhlanganisela yezimpawu kuphaneli yokulawula;
• iminwe yomnikazi.

Le mingcele ifakwa kusoftware yedivayisi lapho ilungiselelwe. Uma idatha etholwe yunithi yokulawula kanye nomdlalo wokuqala obekiwe, i-ECU yomshini ithola isibonakaliso sokuqala injini. Ngokwesimo sokuguqulwa kwe-IMMO ejwayelekile, iyunithi yokulawula uqobo lenza ukuvimba kwesifunda kagesi kuxhunyiwe kuso.

Kwenzekani uma iyunithi yokulawula i-immobilizer ithola ikhodi engalungile? Nazi izinketho (ngokuya ngokuguqulwa):

• amandla esistimu yemoto azovuleka, kepha lapho ukhiye ukhanyiswa kukhiye wokuthungela, injini ngeke iqale;
• iyunithi yokulawula imoto yemoto izothola isibonakaliso sokuqala, kodwa lapho nje imoto iqala ukuhamba, injini yangaphakathi yokumisa izovala;
• I-ECU yomshini izoqala injini, kepha ngemuva kwesikhashana idivayisi izonikeza isinali ukucisha ugesi.

Kwenzekani uma uthola lapho kufakwa khona i-immobilizer bese uyinqamula ohlelweni? Injini ngeke isaqala ukusebenza, kwazise uphiko olulawula ukwebiwa luhambisana ne-ECU yemoto. I-elektroniki yemoto ngeke imukele umyalo ofanele, noma ngabe uzama ukuqala imoto ngokuvala othintana nabo ohlelweni lokuthungela.

Ividiyo elandelayo ikhombisa ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani le yunithi:

Zenzele ngokwakho ukufakwa kwe-Immobilizer kusuka kuSergey Zaitsev

Yenziwe kanjani i-immobilizer?

Into esemqoka ye-immobilizer yi-ECU yayo ("ubuchopho"), ehlelwe ngokwahlukana neyunithi ejwayelekile yokulawula i-elekthronikhi, ebhekele ukucubungula amasiginali kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokuhamba. I-immobilizer ECU isuselwe ku-microcircuit ehlelelwe ama-algorithms athile.

Ngaphezu kwalawa ma-algorithms (enza ukuvikelwa okuthile kukwebiwa - amadivayisi ahlukile anawo awo), i-microprocessor firmware nayo iqukethe ikhodi yokushintshanisa. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kuvumela idivayisi ukuthi ibone ukhiye wemoto uma ikububanzi besamukeli. Imininingwane evela kukhiye ifundwa kusetshenziswa ikhoyili ekhethekile etholakala kuyunithi yokulawula efanayo.

Into yesibili ye-immobilizer blockers. Ukudluliswa kwe-Electromagnetic kufakiwe ekwakhiweni kwe-actuator ngayinye. Afakwe esikhaleni esiphakathi kwamasekethe kagesi ahlukene emoto, aqala ngokuvula umlilo bese ephetha ngokuvula uhlelo lwamabhuleki. Konke kuncike kumodeli yedivayisi nokufakwa kwayo.

Isiginali kagesi evela kwiyunithi yokulawula ithunyelwa kudivayisi ngayinye yokushintsha, ngenxa yokuthi isifunda kuhlelo luphukile noma, kunalokho, sixhunyiwe. Okunye ukuguqulwa kwama-blocker kunika amandla wokulawula ukusebenza kwezindlela ezingezona ezikagesi.

Isici sesithathu esibalulekile sanoma iyiphi i-immobilizer yi-transponder. Le yi-chip ehlelelwe engena emzimbeni wokhiye wemoto. Ikhodi edluliswa i-transponder ihlukile, futhi i-microprocessor yeyunithi yokulawula ihlelelwe yona. Uma kunokhiye ovela kwenye imoto ebangeni lesamukeli, i-ECU ngeke ithumele imiyalo kuma-actuator, ngoba le transponder isakaza isignali engafanele.

Ungayikhubaza kanjani i-immobilizer

Njengoba le divayisi ingavimbi nje umnyango wemoto, kodwa yakhelwe ohlelweni lwezimoto oluyinkimbinkimbi, akulula kangako ukuyikhubaza. Othile ucabanga ukuthi kwanele ukusika izintambo ezidingekayo futhi yilokho kuphela. Eqinisweni, kuze kube yilapho idivayisi ekhiphayo ithola umyalo ofanele, umshini uzokhiywa.

Lokhu kuyinzuzo enkulu yama-immobilizers. Uma ucingo lusikiwe kalula, idivayisi ihumusha lokhu njengomzamo wokugenca, bese ingena kumodi yokuvimba noma ingaphumi kuyo. Izinhlobo eziningi zikhiya imoto ngokuzenzakalela, ngakho-ke kuyingozi ukushiya imoto ngaphandle kokhiye.

Ungazivala i-immobilizer ngokwakho, ngokungafani nokuxhuma. Kungaba nezizathu eziningana zale nqubo. Enye yazo ukulahleka kokhiye. Kwesinye isikhathi iyunithi yokulawula idivayisi yehluleka, okungaba futhi yisizathu sokucima kwayo.

Ngaphambi kokucabanga ngezindlela zokukhubaza i-immobilizer, kufanelekile ukukhumbula: imodeli ngayinye inenqubo yayo yokusebenza, futhi ngasikhathi sinye indlela yokuvala okungenabuhlungu. Uma inqubo ingenziwanga kahle, i-elektroniki yomshini ingalimala kakhulu.

Uma imodeli ihlinzeka ngokufakwa kwekhodi yokufinyelela, khona-ke uma ukhiye ulahlekile, ukuze usebenze idivayisi, kuzokwanela ukufaka ikhodi ehambisanayo. Uma kuthengwa ukhiye omusha, i-immobilizer izodinga ukukhanyiswa futhi. Uma unokhiye oyisipele, udinga ukususa ngokucophelela i-chip ecaleni layo bese uyilungisa eduze kophiko lwe-immobilizer.

 Uma kungekho chip, kuzodingeka uthenge i-decoder ekhethekile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kufana nokugenca, okungaxhashazwa ngumduni, yingakho abakhiqizi bezokuvikela izimoto bezama ukuvimbela ukuphambana okunjalo.

Indlela ephephe kunazo zonke yokwenza kungasebenzi i-immobilizer ukuxhumana nomenzi wedivayisi (uma ngabe ukuvikelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kwafakwa) noma kumthengisi wemoto (esimweni se-immobilizer ejwayelekile). Lokhu-ke kuzodinga ukuchitha isikhathi nemali, kepha ukuqaqa noma ukufaka kabusha idivayisi.

Uma kungekho sifiso sokuchitha isikhathi esiningi nomzamo, khona-ke abanye abashayeli basebenzisa okuthiwa yi-emulator. Idivayisi idlula ukuvikelwa kwe-immobilizer futhi yakha isignali yokuvala, eyaziwa yiyunithi yokulawula. Noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi anjalo kuvunyelwe kuphela ngokuzibeka wena engcupheni.

Izinhlobo ze-immobilizer

Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo eziningi zama-immobilizers zenziwe ngabakhiqizi, ezandisa amathuba okusetshenziswa ezimotweni ezahlukahlukene. Nazi ezinye zezici zalowo nalowo kubo.

Ama-immobilizers we-OEM

Lolu hlobo lwedivayisi lufakiwe emotweni kuthutha. Imoto ye-elekthronikhi isebenza nesiginali ehambisanayo evela kuphiko lokulawula ukuvikela. Ama-immobilizers anjalo kunzima kakhulu ukuqaqa uwedwa ngaphandle kwamakhono nolwazi olufanele.

Isethi yedivayisi ifaka iyunithi yokuhambisa ugesi, i-antenna kanye nokhiye one-chip. I-Transponder uqobo, ebekwe emzimbeni wokhiye, ayidingi ibhethri, ngoba inqubo yokusebenza kungukusebenzisana kazibuthe. Esikhathini esiningi, amadivayisi anjalo awaphuli isekethe ohlelweni lwezimoto, yize kukhona amamodeli aphula isekethe, isibonelo, i-starter (etholakala kwezinye izinhlobo ze-BMW).

Ama-immobilizers angeziwe

Noma iyiphi i-immobilizer engafakiwe efektri ingabhekwa ngokukhululekile njengengeziwe. Idivayisi enjalo isetshenziswa njengohlelo olwengeziwe lokulwa nokweba.

Isimiso sokuvimba amasekethe kagesi ngama-immobilizers

Namuhla kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-immobilizers angeziwe, ahlukile kumgomo wokuvimba izinhlelo zezimoto:

• Xhumana nama-immobilizers. Lawa madivayisi ane-relay, okuthi, ngesiginali ehambisanayo, ixhume noma iphule isekethe lapho kufakwa khona iyunithi yokulawula. Lolu hlobo lokuvikela seluzibonisile emakethe yokulwa nokweba. Zingabangelwa yikhodi okufanele ifakwe kuphaneli yokulawula noma ngesiginali yokhiye.
• Ama-immobilizers angathintwa. Kuzinhlelo ezinjalo, akukho ukuxhumana okunezintambo phakathi kwe-actuator neyunithi yokulawula ukuvikela. Isiginali sidluliselwa kubo nge-Bluetooth.

Ngaphambi kokufaka ukulungiswa koxhumana nabo, kufanele kucaciswe ukuthi i-elektroniki yemoto izosabela kanjani kwizimpawu ezivela kwiyunithi yokulawula. Kwesinye isikhathi i-ECU ibona isekhethi evulekile njengamaphutha futhi idinga ukuthi isethwe kabusha. Kunoma ikuphi, i-immobilizer kufanele ikhethelwe imoto ethile.

Ama-immobilizers ekhodi

Amadivayisi walolu hlobo, ngaphezu kweyunithi yokulawula kanye ne-actuator, anekhibhodi yokufaka ikhodi esethwe ngaphambilini. Kuma-immobilizers anjalo, ukhiye awudingeki, kepha awuvikeleki ekubukeni kwamehlo.

Amanye amamodeli anenkinobho eyodwa kuphela. Ikhodi kuleli cala kuzoba yisikhawu sesikhathi phakathi kokuchofoza. Isigelekeqe kuzodingeka sizihlekise isikhathi eside kakhulu, sikhethe ikhodi efanele. Ngalesi sizathu, ama-immobilizers anjalo athathwa njengathembekile. Noma isela lantshontsha okhiye bemoto, ngeke likwazi ukweba.

Xhumana nama-immobilizers

Lolu hlobo lokuvikela lubandakanya amadivayisi adinga oxhumana naye wesiginali ukuvula umshini. Lokhu kungaba ukhiye okhethekile onekhodi kazibuthe noma iphedi yokuthinta yeminwe.

Ama-immobilizers anokhiye wokuxhumana

Ama-immobilizers anjalo amathuluzi okuvikela okuqala alolu hlobo. Ukhiye okhethekile walethwa kwiyunithi yokulawula noma kwimodyuli ekhethekile equkethe oxhumana nabo abavulekile. Isenzo sivala isekethe futhi imoto ingaqalwa.

Njengoba ukuvikelwa okunjalo kwakulula kakhulu ukwedlula (kwakwanele ukuvala oxhumana nabo ebhlokini), abakhiqizi bashesha ukuyenza ibe yesimanje futhi bayifaka ngokhiye wekhodi, okwakha isignali edingekayo yokuvala isifunda.

Ama-immobilizers ane-Fingerprint Scanning

Esikhundleni semodyuli enamathiselwe ukhiye okhethekile, idivayisi ifakwe indawo yokuxhumana efunda iminwe yomnikazi wemoto. Njengoba isigelekeqe singaphoqa ukuthi imoto ivuleke, abakhiqizi bahlomisa le divayisi ngomsebenzi obizwa nge-alamu weminwe. Lapho uhlelo luqaliswa ngemodi "ephuthumayo", injini iyaqala, kepha ngemuva kwesikhashana iyama.

Ama-immobilizers angathintwa

Lawa madivayisi afaka ama-immobilizers, angasebenza / angasebenzi ebangeni elithile ukusuka emotweni, njenge-alamu. Hlukanisa phakathi kwamamodeli anebanga elikhulu nelifushane.

Ama-immobilizers amabanga amafushane

Izinhlelo ezinjalo zine-antenna. Ifakwe ngaphansi kwephaneli yedeshi eduze ngangokunokwenzeka emzimbeni. Lapho umshayeli wemoto eletha i-fob eyisihluthulelo esikhethekile ngamasentimitha ambalwa ukusuka kude, amakhodi ayashintshaniswa kusetshenziswa i-magnetic transmission phakathi kwe-antenna yomhumushi kanye ne-chip uqobo.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-fob eyisihluthulelo ayisakazisi noma yiziphi izimpawu, akunakwenzeka ukuphula ukuvikelwa. Izinhlelo zokuphepha zanamuhla zenziwe zanamuhla ngendlela yokuthi ngababili abahlukile kwenziwa ikhodi entsha, eyenziwe ngokuvumelanayo yikhadi lokhiye kanye neyunithi yokulawula uqobo.

Ama-immobilizers wamabanga amade (anesiteshi somsakazo)

Njengoba igama ledivayisi lisho, isiginali ekuyo idluliswa ngesiteshi somsakazo futhi ibanga elide kakhulu kunokuguqulwa kwangaphambilini. Ngokuyinhloko, uhla lwedlulisela lungaba imitha elilodwa nohhafu, futhi isiteshi sokuxhumana sibethelwe.

Izimpawu zishintshaniswa ngemodi ye- "dialogue Dynamic", okungukuthi, ikhodi entsha ikhiqizwa njalo, eyaziwa ngumamukeli njengokhiye oyinhloko. Ngokuvama okwandayo, uhla nalo luyakhuphuka. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izinhlelo zokuzivikela zibangelwa ebangeni elifinyelela ku-15m.

Uma uhlelo olufanayo lufakiwe emotweni, khona-ke kungcono ukugcina ukhiye wethegi hhayi nokhiye bemoto. Lokhu kuzovimba imoto lapho abathumbi bethatha le moto kanye nomshayeli, kodwa bayilahla endleleni. Ukuthuthuka kwakamuva kuvumela ukwenziwa kwamadivayisi amancane kakhulu ukuthi angafihlwa kalula ezintanjeni zemoto.

Ama-immobilizers ebanga elide anenzwa yokunyakaza

Ukuvikelwa kwalolu hlobo kukuvumela ukuthi ushiye imoto egijimayo isikhashana ngaphandle kokwenza ingasebenzi injini. Ubuhle bokuvikelwa okunjalo:

• Isela lebe imoto, kodwa ngemuva kwesikhashana injini imane ime. Ezimweni eziningi, isela lisuka ngokushesha endaweni yobugebengu, lishiye imoto ngemuva.
• Uma udinga ukushiya imoto egijimayo isikhashana (ngokwesibonelo, ngenkathi ingaphakathi lifudumala ebusika), ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ukuthi lizokwebiwa. Yize isabelo sengcindezi esimweni esinjalo sisekhona, ngoba akekho umuntu ojabulayo ukuthola ukuthi imoto ayimile.
• Ama-immobilizers anenzwa yokuhamba akuvumela ukuthi uqalise kude injini yemoto (uma imoto inohlelo olunjalo).

Inzwa yokunyakaza inquma ibanga lapho ithegi yokhiye isuswa khona kusamukeli, kanye nezinga lokususwa.

Indlela i-immobilizer elawulwa ngayo

Isilawuli kude sezinketho ezihlukene ze-immobilizer kuncike ohlotsheni lwedivayisi kanye nemoto lapho ukuvikela okunjalo kufakwe khona. Umnikazi wemoto unezindlela eziningana zokulawula i-immobilizer.

Ukuphathwa kwelebula

Ithegi isho i-fob encane yokhiye okufanele igcinwe ihlukene nokhiye bemoto. Uma ithegi ikububanzi besignali ye-immobilizer, isivikelo sizovula ikhono lokuqala injini. Nakuba le fob yokhiye isendaweni yabagibeli noma eduze kwemoto, i-immobilizer ivaliwe.

Into esemqoka uma usebenzisa ithegi ukugcina iso ebhethrini. Uma ikhishwa, i-immobilizer ngeke ibone umaki, ngoba ayisakazi isignali. Ezinhlobonhlobo zamathegi, kunamadivayisi asebenzisa isignali yomsakazo noma adlulise isignali nge-Bluetooth. Esimeni sesibili, i-fob yokhiye ingalungiselelwa ububanzi bokuxhumana ne-immobilizer, ubude bokumisa isikhashana phakathi kokutholwa kwethegi nokususwa kokuvikela.

Ukuphathwa kwe-Smartphone

Kumamodeli asebenza nge-Bluetooth, kunomsebenzi wokusebenza ngohlelo lokusebenza lweselula. Kulokhu, i-smartphone ingasetshenziswa njengethegi. Ifoni noma i-Apple Watch, ngokuvula uhlelo ngesiteshi se-bluetooth, isakaza isignali futhi ivumelanise ne-immobilizer.

Isicelo kufanele sisebenze ngaso sonke isikhathi kuze kube yilapho udinga ukufaka imoto kukhiye. Ngakho-ke, uma ifoni itholakala ngaphezu kwebanga lesiginali, i-immobilizer iqala ukuvimba, ivikela imoto ekuntshontshweni.

Ukulawulwa kwezinkinobho emotweni (imfihlo noma i-immobilizer enekhodi)

Uma i-immobilizer enoxhumano lwedijithali (ngesixhumi se-CAN) efakwe emotweni, khona-ke ilokhi ifakwa / icishiwe ngokucindezela inhlanganisela yezinkinobho emotweni. Umshayeli ngokwakhe angakwazi ukwenza ngokwezifiso le nhlanganisela.

Ukuze uvule injini, kuya ngezilungiselelo ze-immobilizer, uzodinga ukucindezela izinkinobho ezimbalwa esondweni lokuqondisa, i-centre console, ushintshe ukuguqula ukushintsha, cindezela inkinobho kanye ne-pedal, njll. I-block izobe isikhululwa. Ububi bale ndlela ukuthi umduni uyakwazi ukulandelela izenzo zomshayeli futhi aziphinde.

Imisebenzi yokunethezeka kwe-Immobilizer

Amanye ama-immobilizer anezinketho ezengeziwe ezilula. Isibonelo, inzwa yokunyakaza izosabela ukuthi imoto isiqalile ukuhamba. Uma ingekho ithegi eduze, isivimbeli sizoyivala injini, kube sengathi isigebengu asiqhubeki ngendlela efanele. Ekuguquleni okunjalo, isela lingase lingazi nakancane ukuthi lokhu kuyisivikelo. Imoto efakwe izinzwa ezinjalo ingaqalwa ukude.

Uma ucisha isistimu kagesi yemoto (nqamula ibhethri), i-immobilizer izophinde ivimbele ukusebenza kwemoto. Isivikelo esengeziwe siphinde sinikezwe i-trunk nama-hood locks axhunywe ku-immobilizer.

Uma i-immobilizer ixhunywe ngebhasi le-CAN, idivayisi iyakwazi ukulawula ilokhi emaphakathi. Uma umaka usondela emotweni, iminyango izovuleka ngokuzenzakalelayo (lo msebenzi nawo udinga ukumiswa).

Ungayidlula kanjani i-immobilizer

Abanye abashayeli ngezinye izikhathi badinga ukudlula i-immobilizer. Isibonelo, ngenxa yokusebenza kwale divayisi, kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwesistimu yokubasa okuzenzakalelayo. Yiqiniso, ukudlula i-immobilizer kungenzeka kuphela ekunciphiseni ukuvikelwa okuphezulu ekwebeni. Nazi izindlela ezine ezingokomthetho.

Indlela ye-1

Indlela elula futhi engabizi kakhulu ukusebenzisa ukhiye womaka owengeziwe. Umnikazi wemoto uyifihla ndawana thize eduze kwe-immobilizer ayilungise kahle ukuze ingagingqiki ndawo uma ushayela.

Kulokhu, i-immobilizer ivaliwe unomphela futhi umshayeli usebenzisa i-alamu kuphela. Ngohlelo olunjalo lwe-bypass lokuvikela, injini ayisoze yavinjelwa ukuqala okungagunyaziwe, ngaphandle uma umnikazi wemoto efaka ilokhi eyengeziwe.

Indlela ye-2

Izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha lapho udlula isivimbeli singafinyelelwa ngokufaka iyunithi esemthethweni yokudlula. Kulesi simo, isignali evela ku-fob yokhiye wokulawula ithunyelwa kusistimu ye-autostart, ukuze uqalise injini ukude.

Indlela ye-3

Enye yezindlela eziqine kakhulu zokudlula i-immobilizer ukuyisusa ohlelweni. Le nqubo ayikwazi ukwenza ngokwakho, ngoba i-electronics yemoto ingalimala kakhulu. Imoto ene-remote immobilizer nayo ayinaso isivikelo esiphezulu.

Indlela ye-4

Enye yezindlela ezamukelekayo kakhulu i-bypass block ekhethekile. Le divayisi ine-fob yayo yokhiye. Ngesiginali evela kuyo, iyunithi ivala i-immobilizer futhi imoto ingaqalwa.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela ekhethiwe, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuphazamisa uhlelo lwe-electronic immobilizer kungalimaza kakhulu imoto. Ngakho-ke, ukufakwa kwemishini eyengeziwe kufanele kwenziwe ngochwepheshe.

Yikuphi okungcono: i-immobilizer noma i-alamu?

Yize i-IMMO nokusayina kuyizinto zohlelo lokulwa nokweba, ngakunye kufakwa ngezinhloso ezihlukile.

• Uhlelo lwesiginali lwenzelwe ukuvimbela umuntu ongenayo ukuba angene emotweni. Kuvikela ukwebiwa kwamadivayisi abalulekile njengerekhodi lomsakazo, umsakazo wevidiyo noma izinto ezibizayo ezishiywe emotweni. Uma kwenzeka ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe, wazisa labo abaseduze nomzamo wokugenca.
• I-immobilizer ivimbela isela ukuthi liqale injini bese yeba imoto. Akuxwayisi umnikazi wemoto ngemizamo yokugqekeza futhi ayivikele ekwebiweni kwezinto emotweni.

Uma ucabanga ngalezi zinto, akunakushiwo ukuthi yikuphi okungcono, ngoba i-alamu ne-IMMO azishintshi. Ungacabangi ukuthi ubukhona benjini obuqala ukuvimba kuyisivikelo esithembekile ekwebiweni. Isela lingazama ukweba imoto ngezinye izindlela, ngokwesibonelo ngokungena lize liyinamathisele kwenye indawo.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zama-alamu zihlonyiswe ne-immobilizer yazo. Lolu hlelo lokulwa nokweba luthembekile kunokufaka eyodwa yalezi zinsiza. Kulokhu, iyunithi yokulawula ingafakwa noma yikuphi emotweni, okuzokwenza umsebenzi wesela ube nzima.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-immobilizer evamile kanye nebizayo?

Uma kwenzeka umzamo ongagunyaziwe wokuqalisa injini, i-immobilizer evamile ingavimba uhlelo lukaphethiloli, ukuthungela, isiteringi noma i-ECU. Kodwa uma usebenzisa idivayisi evamile, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi isigelekeqe esinolwazi sizokudlula kalula ukuvikela.

Kuma-immobilizer abiza kakhulu angewona ajwayelekile, kusetshenziswa amasu angewona ajwayelekile wokuvala izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zemoto, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu umsebenzi wokukhetha indlela yokudlula efanelekile. Ukuze ukhubaze isivimbeli esijwayelekile, abanye abantu basebenzisa amadivaysi asetshenziswa abezimo eziphuthumayo.

Ngabe ngidinga ukusetha i-alamu uma kune-immobilizer

Impendulo emfushane yalo mbuzo inguyebo - i-alamu iyadingeka, noma ngabe imoto ivikelwe i-immobilizer. Isizathu silele kumgomo wokusebenza kwalezi zivikelo.

Ngokuqondene nokusebenza kwe-immobilizer, ivimba ukusebenza kwensimbi uma ingekho i-transponder ebangeni lesamukeli. Ngokuya ngemodeli yedivayisi, ingavimba nokuhanjiswa noma i-elekthronikhi ehlukahlukene (ipompo kaphethiloli, ukuthungela, njll.). Kepha ukusebenza kwale divayisi akuvimbeli abantu ukuthi bangene ngaphakathi emotweni.

Isela kungenzeka lingebi imoto, kepha lingalimaza iphaneli ngokuzama ukweba ikhompyutha ebhodini noma enye imishini efakwe emotweni.

Uma i-alamu ifakwa ngokwengeziwe emotweni, isela lizoba nesikhathi esincane sokuntshontsha okuthile emotweni noma ukuzama ukweqa i-immobilizer. Lapho usebenzisa ukusayina ngefob key key, umshayeli uyazi ngokushesha ukuthi imoto yakhe isengozini (kuya ngebanga lemoto kusuka ku-fob yokhiye). I-immobilizer ayikwazi ukwenza lokhu. Umane anganiki ithuba lokushiya ngemoto.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka nge-immobilizer nezixazululo zazo

Uma ngokwehlukana kwemibandela sihlukanisa zonke izinkinga ngama-immobilizers, sithola izigaba ezimbili:

• Ukuwohloka kweSoftware;
• Ukuhluleka kwehadiwe.

Ukuwohloka kwesoftware kubonakala ngazo zonke izinhlobo zokwehluleka kwesoftware, ukuvela kwamaphutha ahlukahlukene ekusebenzeni kwe-microprocessor. Futhi, ukwehluleka kwesoftware kuzokwenzeka uma isignali ingaphandle kokuvumelanisa phakathi kweyunithi yokulawula ne-transponder.

Isigaba sokuwohloka kwezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha sifaka zonke izinhlobo zokungasebenzi kahle okuhambisana nokuwohloka kweyunithi yokulawula i-microcircuit noma ikhefu ebhasini lezokuxhumana (lixhuma iyunithi yokulawula, ama-actuator kanye nezintambo zezinhlelo zezimoto ezizovinjelwa).

Ngaphambi kokuzama ukuthola ngokwakho imbangela yokwehluleka kwe-immobilizer, udinga ukuxilonga izinto ezisebenza ngogesi emotweni. Into yokuqala odinga ukuyinaka yizinga lokushaja ibhethri. Uma iphansi, khona-ke kukhona amathuba aphezulu wokusebenza okungalungile kwe-immobilizer.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi idivayisi izosebenza kahle kuphela ngokhiye wokuqala we-transponder. Uma umnikazi wemoto ezama ukudala uhlobo oluthile lwekhophi yokhiye, angathumela isignali engalungile, noma izofika nokwehluleka.

Udinga futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwehluleka kwe-immo akuhlotshaniswa nokuxhuma kwe-elekthronikhi eyengeziwe egumbini lenjini. I-elektroniki eyengeziwe ingaphazamisa ukusebenza kweyunithi yokulawula. Uma imishini enjalo ifakiwe, ingavalwa okwesikhashana futhi ukuvimba kungabhekwa ukuthi kuyasebenza yini. Lapho uhlelo selubuyiselwe, isizathu sisobala: udinga ukucisha imishini eyengeziwe, noma ukuyifaka endaweni engeke iphazamise.

Iphutha le-IMMO.

Izizathu zomsebenzi ongalungile we-immo noma ukwenqaba kwawo yilezi:

1. Ibhethri elifile;
2. Ibhethri linqanyuliwe lapho ukuthungela kuvuliwe;
3. Ukwephula ukuvumelanisa ekusebenzeni kwenjini kanye namayunithi wokulawula i-immobilizer. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngemuva kokufaka esikhundleni seyunithi yamandla;
4. Umfutho we-immobilizer ufuthwe;
5. Amaphutha kusoftware. Uma iphutha le-immo likhanya kuphaneli, kodwa imoto isaqhubeka nokuzinza, kusadingeka ukuthi ufune usizo kochwepheshe ukuze bathole imbangela. Ngaphandle kwalokho, idivayisi izoma ukusebenza ngenxa yenani elikhulu lamaphutha, futhi iyunithi yokulawula kuzofanela yenziwe kabusha;
6. Ukukhishwa kwebhethri kukhiye;
7. I-transponder ephukile;
8. Ukulahleka kothintana phakathi kotholi kanye ne-eriyali (imvamisa kungenxa yokuqhaqhazela noma oketshezi koxhumana nabo);
9. Ukuqhuma kwentambo.

Okufanele ukwenze uma unezinkinga

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lokonakala olwakhiwe ohlelweni lwe-immobilizer, ongoti esikhungweni sesevisi kufanele babhekane nokuvalwa kwayo, ukulungiswa kwayo nokwenziwa kabusha kwayo kabusha. Uma le divayisi ilungiswa ngabasebenzi abangenawo amakhono, lokhu kungasibhebhethekisa isimo.

Kwezinye izimo, ngisho nokwehluleka kwe-electronics yemoto kungenzeka uma i-immobilizer icishiwe ngokungalungile. Uma kwenziwa kabusha uhlelo olusha, umnikazi wemoto kumele azi i-PIN khodi enikezwa imoto ngenkathi kuthengwa esalon.

Uma imoto ithengwe emakethe yesibili, futhi umnikazi wangaphambilini elahlekelwe yile khodi, umnikazi omusha welulekwa ukuthi acele iphinikhodi ku-automaker bese ehlela kabusha i-immobilizer. Lokhu kuzonikeza ithemba lokuthi akekho noyedwa owakwazi "ukweba" isignali yokuvimba kumnikazi wemoto wangaphambilini.

Vele, lapho e-oda imininingwane enjalo, umnikazi wemoto omusha kufanele athumele yonke imibhalo eqinisekisa ukuthi manje usengumnikazi osemthethweni wemoto.

Ngabe i-stock immobilizer "ingaqiniswa kanjani"?

Ngaphandle kokuthi i-immobilizer emotweni ihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuthembekile ekuntshontshweni kwezimoto, inokubuyela emuva okukhulu. Le divayisi ayisivimbeli isifiso sokweba imoto. Amasela ezimoto anolwazi athola izindlela zokudlula kwi-immobilizer noma ukuthi angayenza kanjani isebenze kusiginali esivela kukhiye wokushisa ongekho.

Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa amadivayisi ahlukene afunda amakhodi noma eqa ukhiye. Ukwenza umzamo wokweba imoto inenkinga, umshayeli angathatha lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuvimba ukufinyelela kwamahhala kwesilawuli sesigelekeqe, ungafaka ikhava yensimbi ngaphezulu kwaso, futhi wenze ukuqinisa kwaso emzimbeni kufihlwe. Ngenxa yokuba yinkimbinkimbi kokuqaqa ikesi, umuntu angaba nethemba lokuthi isigelekeqe sizomane sishiye lo msebenzi. Into esemqoka ukuthi isixhumi sesevisi sivaliwe.
• Isixhumi sokuxilonga singaxhunywa ku-blocker eyengeziwe (kwisekethe evulekile yebhasi) ukuze kuthi lapho umfundi exhunyiwe, kungabi khona ukufinyelela ku-elektroniki yemoto.
• Uma kufakwa i-immobilizer ejwayelekile emotweni, i-blocker eyengeziwe ingaxhunywa esikhaleni se-antenna.
• Lapho ufaka ilokhi eyengeziwe yebhonethi, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukuthi isela lifike kudluliswa okungenantambo, okuvame ukufakwa egumbini lenjini.

Vele, izinto ezingeziwe ezivimba ukufinyelela kwamahhala kuzinto zokulawula ze-immobilizer zidinga utshalomali nomsebenzi wokufaka. Kepha uma umhlaseli elingeka ukuba adune imoto, ukuvikelwa okungeziwe kuzomthola engazelele.

Ukungasebenzi kahle okungenzeka

Konke ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-immobilizer kungahlukaniswa ngokwemibandela ibe isoftware nehardware. Uma isofthiwe ihluleka, ngisho nalapho kwenziwa umzamo wokuqalisa iyunithi yamandla, i-electronics ingavimba ukusebenza kwayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokwephulwa kokuvumelanisa phakathi kweyunithi yokulawula immobilizer kanye ne-ECU yomshini. Ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo kuqedwa ngokukhanyisa i-fob yokhiye kanye neyunithi yokulawula immo.

Esimeni sesibili (ukwehluleka kwe-hardware), noma iyiphi ingxenye yesistimu iyehluleka. Lokhu kungaba i-microcircuit eshile, ukunqamuka kocingo, ukuxhumana okuphukile, nokuphuka okufanayo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lokuwohloka, akukhuthazwa ukuba uzame ukuzilungisa ngokwakho uma ungenalo ulwazi ekwenzeni umsebenzi onjalo. Uchwepheshe kuphela onganquma ukuthi inkinga iyini nge-immo, bese kuphela ngokuba khona kwemishini ethile. Ngalokhu, ukhiye we-chip kanye neyunithi yokulawula immobilizer kutholwa.

Ungadlula kanjani i-immobilizer?

Le nqubo ingadingeka uma kwenzeka ukuphuka noma ukulahlekelwa ukhiye we-chip noma uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kwezobuchwepheshe, kodwa asikho isikhathi sokuya esiteshini sesevisi. Ukuze okwesikhashana (futhi abanye badlule immo ngokuqhubekayo, bekholelwa ukuthi imoto yabo ayikudingi ukuvikelwa okunjalo) ukudlula immobilizer, ungasebenzisa enye yezindlela ezilandelayo:

1. Kufakwe isiseshi esisebenzisa ukhiye we-chip wangempela.
2. Faka isiseshi esimataniswe nekhophi yokhiye we-chip. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla.
3. Kufakwe iyunithi ekhethekile esakaza ikhophi yesignali kusuka kukhiye we-chip.

Uma kusetshenziswa isiseshi, kuzomele kufakwe i-chip esuka kukhiye wangempela kuyo. Kukhona futhi amamodeli angenakhiye. Kuzo, imojuli ishunwa kusiginali esuka kukhiye bese idlulisela isignali kuyunithi ye-immo ngesiteshi esibethelwe.

Ungayifaka kanjani indawo ye-immobilizer

Uma izinto ze-immobilizer zingahambisani (konke noma enye), lapho-ke kungadinga ukushintshwa. Inketho ekahle ukuyisa imoto kochwepheshe. Endabeni yokuvikelwa okunjalo, kwesinye isikhathi kuyasiza ukufaka idivaysi efanayo esikhundleni sento engahlelekile. Noma kunjalo, udinga ukwazi kahle ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye yedivayisi ikuphi.

Kuyafaneleka ukubheka ukuthi ama-immobilizers amaningi anamamojula amaningi atholakala ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kakhulu, ezazi kuphela ochwepheshe noma abathengisi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngqo ukuze imoto eyebiwe ingavuleki kalula. Imodyuli ngayinye ibona kuphela isiginali lapho i-master ihlelwe khona.

Uma iyunithi yokulawula iguquliwe, isistimu izodinga ukukhanyiswa ukuze ama-actuator akwazi ukubona amasiginali avela kudivayisi entsha. Endabeni yokuguqulwa okujwayelekile, i-ECU yemoto izodinga ukukhanyiswa. Futhi lo msebenzi kufanele uhlale wethenjwa ochwepheshe.

Izinyathelo zokuphepha

Njengoba sesivele sinake izikhathi eziningana, noma yimuphi umsebenzi wokufaka / wokudiliza udinga amakhono akhethekile nolwazi ku-auto electronics. Ngakho-ke, ukufakwa noma ukulungiswa kufanele kwenziwe eziteshini zesevisi ezikhethekile.

Njengoba isisebenzi se-workshop esingathembekile singakopisha ukhiye we-chip noma isignali kuwo, kungcono ukuthi lo muntu ongase umethembe, noma i-workshop kufanele ibe kude nendawo yokusebenza yemoto. Lokhu kuzovimbela isigebengu ekusebenziseni ikhophi yokhiye.

Uma usebenzisa i-immobilizer, udinga ukuqiniseka ukuthi abekho abantu abangabaziyo eduze abahlezi kukhompuyutha ephathekayo eduze kwemoto (uma ukhiye we-chip usetshenziswa ngaphandle kokhiye oyinhloko). Kukhona abafundi be-black market abangasetshenziswa umgebengu.

Izinzuzo nobubi be-immobilizer

Uhlelo lokulwa nokweba lubalulekile ekuphepheni kwemoto. Uma kunzima kakhulu, ukuthembeka kwayo kuphakama. Yiziphi izinzuzo zokufakwa kwe-IMMO?

1. Ukuntshontsha imoto, isela lizodinga imali eyengeziwe, ngokwesibonelo, enye imoto yokudonsa noma ithuluzi elikhethekile lokufunda ikhodi yamakhadi okhiye.
2. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ezimweni eziningi, umshayeli wemoto akadingi ukwenza noma yiziphi izindlela ezikhethekile zokuvala ingidi nhlobo.
3. Noma ugesi ucishiwe, imoto isazoqhubeka ingavumi.
4. Akunakwenzeka ukuqonda ngokushesha ukuthi lolu hlelo lufakwe emotweni (isebenza buthule).

Yize inokwethenjelwa okuphezulu, le divayisi inokubuyela emuva okuphawulekayo. Uma kusetshenziswa ikhadi lokhiye noma i-fob yokhiye ene-chip, isela lidinga ukuntshontsha - nemoto inomnikazi omusha. Uma ulahlekelwa ngukhiye, ungasebenzisa eyodwa (iningi lamadivayisi linamakhophi amabili). Kepha lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ukuze uthathe imoto uyise esiteshini senkonzo ukuze ukhanyise iyunithi yokulawula. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umhlaseli uzosebenzisa ukufinyelela emshinini ngezinhloso zakhe.

Ividiyo elandelayo idalula izinganekwane ezi-10 ezivamile ze-immobilizer:

TOP 10 imibono eyiphutha mayelana ne-immobilizer, okhiye be-chip, njll.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ngabe i-immobilizer ibukeka kanjani? I-immobilizer ine-microprocessor block enezintambo ezisuka kuyo. Ngokuya ngemodeli yedivayisi, futhi inenzwa lapho kugcinwa khona ikhadi lokhiye. Kumamodeli wesimanje, into yokulawula yokukhiya izinhlelo zemoto yakhelwe emzimbeni wokhiye.

Ngabe i-immobilizer isebenza kanjani? Umsebenzi omkhulu we-immobilizer ukuvimbela iyunithi yamandla ukuthi iqale noma imise uma kungekho khiye enkambu yesiginali yeyunithi yokulawula. Le divayisi kufanele ithole isignali evela ekhadini lokhiye. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuvimba akwenziwanga ukuthi kungasebenzi. Awukwazi nje ukusika izintambo bese i-immobilizer ikhutshaziwe. Konke kuncike endleleni yokuxhumeka nokuthi amasistimu avumelaniswe kuziphi izinhlelo.

Ngikhubaza kanjani i-immobilizer? Inqubo yokukhubaza i-immobilizer ngaphandle kokhiye iyabiza, futhi kwisevisi yemoto enikeza le nsizakalo, nakanjani uzodinga ukunikeza ubufakazi bokuthi ungumnikazi wemoto. Indlela elula ukunikezela ukhiye owengeziwe. Kepha kulokhu, uma ukhiye wokuqala ubiwe, kungcono ukuthi ungakwenzi lokhu, kepha ukumisa idivaysi ngekhithi entsha e-odiwe ku-automaker. Ungayenza ingasebenzi ifoni ngokufaka inhlanganisela yekhodi (ngumenzi wedivayisi kuphela ongayinikeza), idivayisi ekhethekile noma i-emulator.