Okufanele ukhethe: irobhothi noma i-variator
Okuqukethwe
I-variator ne-robot yizinto ezimbili ezintsha nezithembisayo emkhakheni wokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo. Olunye uhlobo lwesibhamu somshini, omunye umakhenikha. Yini i-variator engcono kakhulu noma irobhothi? Masenze incazelo eqhathanisayo yakho konke ukudluliswa, sinqume ubuhle nobubi babo, bese senza ukhetho olufanele.
Konke mayelana nedivayisi ye-variator
I-variator uhlobo lokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo. Idizayinelwe ukudlulisa kahle i-torque isuka enjinini iye emasondweni futhi iguqule ngokuqhubekayo isilinganiso segiya ebangeni elihleliwe.
Imvamisa emibhalweni yezobuchwepheshe yemoto, isifinyezo se-CVT sitholakala njengegama lebhokisi lamagiya. Lesi yisiguquguquko, esihunyushwe sisuselwa esiNgisini - “isilinganiso esiguqukayo sokudlulisela” (Transmission Continuously Variable)
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-variator ukuhlinzeka ushintsho olubushelelezi ku-torque kusuka enjini, okwenza ukusheshisa kwemoto kubushelelezi, ngaphandle kwamajezi namaphilisi. Amandla omshini asetshenziswa kakhulu futhi uphethiloli udliwa ubuncane.
Ukulawula okuguquguqukayo kufana nokulawula ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, ngaphandle koshintsho lwe-torque olungenazinyathelo.
Kafushane ngezinhlobo ze-CVT
- I-V-belt variator. Wathola ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu kakhulu. Le variator iqukethe ibhande elelulwe phakathi kwamapulleys amabili e-sliding. Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-variator ye-V-belt uqukethe ushintsho olubushelelezi ku-gear ratio ngenxa yenguquko ehambisanayo ku-radii yokuxhumana yamapulisi ne-V-belt.
- Ukwahlukahluka kwamaketanga. Akuvamile kakhulu. Lapha, indima yebhande idlalwa ngeketanga, elidlulisa amandla okudonsa, hhayi amandla acindezelayo.
- Ukwahluka kweToroidal. Uhlobo lokudluliswa kwe-toroidal, oluqukethe amadiski nama-roller, nalo kufanelekile ukunakwa. Ukudluliswa kwe-torque lapha kwenziwa ngenxa yamandla okuqhekeza ama-roller phakathi kwama-disc, futhi isilinganiso segiya sishintshwa ngokuhambisa ama-roller ahlobene ne-axis eqondile.
Izingxenye zika-gearbox we-variator ziyabiza futhi kunzima ukuzifinyelela, futhi u-gearbox uqobo ngeke ushibhile, futhi kungavela izinkinga ngokulungiswa kwawo. Inketho ebiza kakhulu kuzoba ibhokisi le-toroidal, elidinga insimbi yamandla aphezulu kanye nemishini ephezulu yokunemba.
Izinzuzo nobubi be-gearbox eguquguqukayo
Zombili izici ezinhle nezimbi ze-variator sezivele zishiwo embhalweni. Ukuze kucace, sibethula etafuleni.
| Izinzuzo | amaphutha |
|---|---|
| 1.Smooth car movement, ukushesha stepless | 1. Izindleko eziphakeme zebhokisi nokulungiswa kwalo, izinto ezibizayo kanye namafutha |
| 2. Yonga uphethiloli ngokusebenzisa amandla agcwele enjini | 2. Ukungafaneleki kwemithwalo ephezulu nezimo zomgwaqo ezinzima |
| 3. Ubulula nesisindo esiphansi sebhokisi uma kuqhathaniswa nokudluliswa kwe-othomathikhi yakudala | 3. "Umphumela ocabangayo" lapho ushintsha amagiya (yize, ngokuqhathaniswa nerobhothi, i-variator "yehlisa ijubane" kancane) |
| 4. Amandla okushayela enjini enkulu yenjini | 4. Imikhawulo ekufakweni kwezimoto ezinenjini enamandla amakhulu |
Ukuvimbela ifoni ukuthi yehlise umshayeli ngenkathi isebenza, kufanele kuqashelwe le mibandela elandelayo:
- qapha izinga lamafutha ekudlulisweni bese ulishintsha ngesikhathi;
- ungalayishi ibhokisi ngesikhathi sasebusika esibandayo ekuqaleni kokuhamba, lapho udonsa imoto futhi ngenkathi ushayela ungekho emgwaqweni;
- hlola ngezikhathi ezithile izixhumi zamayunithi nezintambo zamakhefu;
- ukuqapha ukusebenza kwezinzwa: ukungabikho kwesiginali kunoma iyiphi yazo kungaholela ekusebenzeni okungalungile kwebhokisi.
I-CVT wuhlelo olusha nolungakenziwa lwamuva lokuhambisa olunezithiyo eziningi. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, onjiniyela nabaqambi babikezela ikusasa elihle ngaye. I-CVT uhlobo olulula kakhulu lokudlulisela, zombili ngokwendlela yobuchwepheshe kanye nenqubo yokusebenza.
Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo ezibonakalayo ezihlinzeka ngomnotho kaphethiloli nokunethezeka kokushayela, ama-CVTs awavamile ukusetshenziswa namuhla futhi, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zabagibeli noma ezithuthuthu. Ake sibone ukuthi izinto zinjani ngerobhothi.
Ibhokisi lamagiya elirobhothi
Ibhokisi legiya le-Robotic (irobhothi) - Ukudluliswa okwenziwa ngesandla, lapho imisebenzi yokushintshwa kwegiya nokulawulwa kwe-clutch kuzenzakalelayo. Le ndima idlalwa ngamashayela amabili, elinye lawo elibhekele ukulawula indlela yamagiya, okwesibili ukubamba nokuyekisa i-clutch.
Irobhothi lenzelwe ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo zokudluliswa ngesandla kanye nomshini ozenzekelayo. Sihlanganisa ukushayela induduzo (kusuka emshinini), kanye nokwethenjelwa kanye nophethiloli (kusuka kumakhenikha).
Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza kwerobhothi
Izinto eziyinhloko ezakha u-gearbox wama-robotic yilezi:
- Ukudluliswa Kwezandla;
- bamba futhi bamba drive;
- igiya shift drive;
- Isilawuli sokulawula.
Umgomo wokusebenza kwerobhothi ucishe ufane nalowo wemishini ejwayelekile. Umehluko usehlelweni lokulawula. Lokhu kwenziwa erobhothi ngamashayeli we-hydraulic nogesi. Izakhi ze-Hydraulic zinikezela ngokushintsha okusheshayo, kepha zidinga izinsiza ezingeziwe Kumashayela kagesi, kunalokho, izindleko zincane, kepha ngesikhathi esifanayo ukubambezeleka kokusebenza kwazo kungenzeka.
Ukudluliswa kwamarobhothi kungasebenza ngezindlela ezimbili: okuzenzakalelayo nokwenziwa okuzenzakalelayo. Kwimodi ezenzakalelayo, ukulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi kudala ukulandelana okuthile kokulawula ibhokisi. Le nqubo isuselwa kwizimpawu ezivela kuzinzwa zokufaka. Kwimodi enamathela othomathikhi (eshintshwayo), amagiya asuswa ngokulandelana kusetshenziswa isigwedlo sokushintsha. Kweminye imithombo, ukuhanjiswa kwe-robotic kubizwa ngokuthi "i-gearbox elandelanayo" (kusuka ku-sequensum yesi-Latin - ukulandelana).
Izinzuzo nezinkinga zeRobot
U-gearbox wama-robotic uqukethe zonke izinzuzo zomshini ozenzakalelayo nemishini. Kodwa-ke, akunakushiwo ukuthi ayinakho okubi. Lokhu okubi kubandakanya:
- Ubunzima bokushintshwa komshayeli endaweni yokuhlola kanye nokungaqiniseki kokuziphatha kwerobhothi ezimweni ezinzima zomgwaqo.
- Ukushayela ungakhululekile edolobheni (ukuqala kungazelelwe, amajezi kanye namajezi lapho ushintsha amagiya kugcina umshayeli eshubile njalo).
- Ukushisa ngokweqile kwe-clutch kungenzeka futhi (ukuze uvikele ukushisa kwe-clutch, kuyadingeka ukuthi uvule imodi "engathathi hlangothi" ezitobhini, nakho okukodwa okukhathazayo).
- "Umphumela ocabangayo" lapho ushintsha amagiya (ngasendleleni, i-CVT inokukhishwa okufanayo). Lokhu akugcini ngokucasula umshayeli, kodwa futhi kudala isimo esiyingozi lapho kudlula.
- Ukungenzeki kokudonsa, nakho okuvela ku-variator.
- Amandla okugoqa imoto ubheke emuva eweni eliwumqansa (lokhu akunakwenzeka nge-variator).
Ukusuka kokungenhla, siphetha ngokuthi u-gearbox oyirobhothi usekude nokunethezeka komshini ozenzakalelayo. Ukuqhubekela phambili ezicini ezinhle zokudluliswa kwerobhothi:
- Izindleko eziphansi ngokuqhathanisa ne-othomathikhi efanayo noma i-CVT.
- Ukonga uphethiloli ukusetshenziswa (lapha omakhenikha ngisho aphansi, kepha ukwahluka kungcono kulokhu: ukushintsha okubushelelezi nokunganyatheli konga uphethiloli omningi)
- Ukuxhuma okuqinile kwenjini namasondo okushayela, ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukukhipha imoto esikhunjeni noma ukubopha injini usebenzisa igesi.
Irobhothi elinama-clutches amabili
Ngenxa yobubi obuningi obutholakala ku-gearbox we-robotic, onjiniyela banqume ukuqhubeka futhi baqhubeke nokusebenzisa umqondo wokudala u-gearbox ozohlanganisa zonke izinzuzo zomshini ozenzakalelayo nomakhenikha.
Le yindlela azalwa ngayo irobhothi elibili elenziwa yiVolkswagen. Uthole igama elithi DSG (Direct Shift Gearbox), elihunyushwe lisuselwa esiNgisini lisho ukuthi “gearbox with shift synchronized”. Ukudluliselwa okukhethiwe elinye igama lesizukulwane sesibili samarobhothi.
Ibhokisi ifakwe amadiski amabili bamba: eyodwa kuhlanganisa ngisho amagiya, enye - eziyinqaba. Zombili lezi zinhlelo zihlala zivuliwe. Ngenkathi imoto ihamba, enye i-clutch disc ihlala ilungile kanti enye isesimweni esivaliwe. Owokuqala uzobandakanya ukudluliswa kwawo ngokushesha nje lapho owesibili esehlukanisiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, ushintsho lwegiye lucishe lube khona lapho, futhi ukusebenza okubushelelezi kufana nokuhlukahluka.
Ibhokisi le-clutch elikabili linezici ezilandelayo:
- kuyonga kakhulu kunomshini;
- ngokunethezeka ngaphezu kwebhokisi elilula le-robotic;
- idlulisa i-torque engaphezulu kune-variator;
- inikeza ukuxhumana okuqinile okuqinile phakathi kwamasondo nenjini njengemishini.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindleko zaleli bhokisi zizoba ngaphezulu kunezindleko zemishini, futhi ukusetshenziswa kuphakeme kunokwerobhothi. Ngokombono wenduduzo, i-CVT ne-othomathikhi isaphumelela.
Dweba iziphetho
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-variator nerobhothi, futhi imaphi kulawa ma-gearbox asengcono? I-variator uhlobo lokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, futhi irobhothi nokho lisondele kumakhenikhi. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi kufanele ukhethe ukukhetha i-gearbox ethile.
Izintandokazi zokudlulisa zivame ukuqhutshwa ngumshayeli futhi ngokuya ngezidingo zezimoto zabo kanye nesitayela sokushayela. Ingabe ufuna izimo zokushayela ezikahle? Bese ukhetha i-variator. Ngabe ukubeka phambili ukuthembeka nokukwazi ukugibela ezimweni zomgwaqo ezinzima? Okukhethayo nakanjani kuyirobhothi.
Ukukhetha imoto, umshayeli kufanele uqobo "avivinye" zombili izinhlobo zamabhokisi. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi irobhothi kanye ne-variator kunezinzuzo nezinkinga zazo. Inhloso ehlelelwe ukuthi isebenzise imoto nayo izosiza ekutholeni ukukhetha. Esigqi esizolile sasemadolobheni, i-variator izokhethwa irobhothi elingeke nje "lisinde" esimisweni sezimoto esingenamkhawulo. Ngaphandle kwedolobha, ezimweni ezinzima zomgwaqo, lapho ushayela ngejubane eliphezulu noma lapho ushayela ezemidlalo, irobhothi liyathandwa.
Imibuzo nezimpendulo:
Yini i-variator engcono noma umshini ozenzakalelayo wakudala? Lokhu akuwona wonke umuntu. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-variator inikeza ukuguquguquka kwegiya elingenasinyathelo elibushelelezi (ngokunembile, kunejubane elilodwa kuphela, kodwa isilinganiso segiya sishintsha ngokushelela), futhi umshini othomathikhi usebenza ngemodi enyathelwe.
Yini engalungile nge-variator emotweni? Ibhokisi elinjalo alikubekezeleli i-torque enkulu, kanye nomthwalo obukhali futhi oyisidina. Futhi, isisindo somshini sibaluleke kakhulu - lapho siphezulu, umthwalo omkhulu.
Unganquma kanjani ukuthi iyini i-variator noma umshini othomathikhi? Odinga ukukwenza ukushayela imoto. I-variator izothatha isivinini ngokushelela, futhi ama-jolts alula azozwakala emshinini. Uma umshini unephutha, ukushintsha phakathi kwesivinini kuzohluka kakhulu.
