Inhloso nomgomo wokusebenza kwezinzwa ezinkulu zokudlulisela ezizenzakalelayo

Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kwemoto kulawulwa uhlelo lwe-electro-hydraulic system. Inqubo yokushintsha amagiya ekudlulisweni okuzenzakalelayo kungenxa yengcindezi yoketshezi olusebenzayo, futhi uphiko lokulawula elektroniki lulawula izindlela zokusebenza futhi lilawula ukuhamba koketshezi olusebenzayo lisebenzisa ama-valve. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, owokugcina uthola imininingwane edingekayo kusuka kuzinzwa ezifunda imiyalo yomshayeli, ijubane lamanje lemoto, umthwalo womsebenzi enjinini, kanye namazinga okushisa nokucindezela koketshezi olusebenzayo.

Izinhlobo nomgomo wokusebenza kwezinzwa ezizenzakalelayo zokudlulisa

Umgomo oyinhloko wohlelo lokulawulwa kokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kungabizwa ngokuthi ukuzimisela kwesikhathi esifanele lapho ushintsho lwegiya kufanele lwenzeke khona. Ngenxa yalokhu, kufanele kunakwe imingcele eminingi. Imiklamo yesimanje ifakwe uhlelo lokulawula olunamandla olukuvumela ukuthi ukhethe imodi efanele ngokuya ngezimo zokusebenza kanye nemodi yokushayela yemoto yamanje, enqunywa izinzwa.

Ekudlulisweni okuzenzakalelayo, okuyinhloko izinzwa zejubane (ezinquma isivinini kokufakwayo nakokukhiphayo kwe-gearbox), izinzwa zengcindezi nezinga lokushisa loketshezi olusebenzayo nenzwa yesikhethi (inhibitor). Ngamunye wabo unomklamo wakhe nenhloso yakhe. Imininingwane evela kwezinye izinzwa zemoto nayo ingasetshenziswa.

Inzwa yendawo yesikhethi

Lapho isikhundla sesikhethi segiya sishintshiwe, indawo yaso entsha ilungiswa ngenzwa yendawo ekhethekile yesikhethi. Imininingwane etholakele idluliselwa kuyunithi yokulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi (imvamisa ihlukaniswa ngokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye inokuxhumana ne-injini yemoto i-ECU), eqala izinhlelo ezihambisanayo. Lokhu kusebenze uhlelo lwe-hydraulic ngokuya ngemodi ekhethiwe yokushayela (“P (N)”, “D”, “R” noma “M”). Le sensor ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi "i-inhibitor" kumanyuwali ezimoto. Imvamisa, inzwa itholakala kushaft yokukhetha igiya, yona etholakala ngaphansi kwekhanda lemoto. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuthola imininingwane, kuxhunywe kudrayivu ye-spool valve yokukhetha izindlela zokushayela emzimbeni we-valve.

Inzwa yesikhundla sesikhethi sokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo ingabizwa nge- “multifunctional”, ngoba isignali evela kuyona nayo isetshenziselwa ukuvula amalambu angaphambili, kanye nokulawula ukusebenza kwe-starter drive kumamodi ka- “P” no- “N”. Kunezindlela eziningi zokwakheka kwezinzwa ezinquma indawo yesikhethi sesikhethi. Enhliziyweni yesekethe yenzwa yakudala yi-potentiometer eguqula ukumelana kwayo ngokuya ngesikhundla se-lever yokukhetha. Ngokwesakhiwo, kuyisethi yamapuleti aphikisayo lapho kuhamba khona into eshukumayo (isilayida), ehambisana nesikhethi. Ngokuya ngesikhundla sesilayida, ukumelana kwenzwa kuzoshintsha, yingakho amandla okukhipha enzwa. Konke lokhu kusezindlini ezingahlukaniseki. Uma kwenzeka kungasebenzi kahle, inzwa yesikhundla sesikhethi ingahlanzwa ngokuyivula ngokubhola ama-rivet. Kodwa-ke, kunzima ukusetha i-inhibitor yokusebenza okuphindaphindiwe, ngakho-ke kulula ukumane ubeke inzwa engalungile.

Isivinini inzwa

Njengomthetho, ukufakwa okuzenzakalelayo kufakwa izinzwa ezimbili zejubane. Omunye uqopha ijubane le-shaft yokufaka (eyinhloko), eyesibili ilinganisa isivinini somphumela wokukhipha (nge-gearbox edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, leli yijubane legiya lokuhlukanisa). Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-ECU kusebenzisa ukufundwa kwenzwa yokuqala ukucacisa umthwalo wamanje wenjini bese ukhetha igiya elilungile. Idatha evela kwinzwa yesibili isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukusebenza kwebhokisi likamagiya: ukuthi imiyalo yophiko lokulawula yenziwa kahle kanjani futhi ngqo igiya ebelidingeka livulwe.

Ngokwakheka, inzwa yejubane inzwa yokusondelana kazibuthe ngokuya ngomphumela weHholo. Inzwa iqukethe uzibuthe waphakade neHholo IC, elisendlini evaliwe. Ibona isivinini sokujikeleza kwemiphini futhi yenze amasiginali ngendlela yamapulse e-AC. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenzwa, kufakwa shaft okuthiwa yi "impulse wheel", enenani elinqunyiwe lokushintshana nokudonswa kwezinto (imvamisa le ndima idlalwa ngegiya elijwayelekile). Isimiso sokusebenza kwenzwa simi ngale ndlela elandelayo: lapho izinyo lamagiya noma ukuphuma kwesondo kudlula enzwa, amandla kazibuthe adalwe yilo ayashintsha futhi, ngokusho komphumela weHholo, kwenziwa isignali kagesi. Ngemuva kwalokho iyaguqulwa futhi ithunyelwe kuphiko lokulawula. Isiginali ephansi ifana nomkhombe kanye nesiginali ephezulu kunqenqema.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa enjalo ukucindezelwa kwecala ne-oxidation yoxhumana nabo. Isici sesici ukuthi le nzwa ayikwazi "ukukhishwa ngaphandle" nge-multimeter.

Ngaphansi kokujwayelekile, izinzwa zesivinini ezingenayo zingasetshenziswa njengezinzwa zejubane. Umgomo wokusebenza kwabo umi ngale ndlela elandelayo: lapho igiya legiya lokudlulisa lidlula endaweni kazibuthe yenzwa, kuphuma ugesi ku-coil yenzwa, edluliselwa ngendlela yesiginali kwiyunithi yokulawula. Lesi sakamuva, kucatshangelwa inani lamazinyo egiya, kubalwa isivinini samanje. Ngokubukeka, inzwa yokungenisa ibukeka ifana kakhulu nenzwa yeHholo, kepha inokwehluka okuphawulekayo kokuma kwesiginali (i-analog) nezimo zokusebenza - ayisebenzisi i-voltage yesethenjwa, kepha iyikhiqiza ngokuzimela ngenxa yezici zokungeniswa kukazibuthe. Le sensor ingakwazi "ukukhishwa".

Ukusebenza inzwa lokushisa uketshezi

Izinga lokushisa loketshezi lokudlulisa linomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwemfucuza yokungezwani. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela ekushiseni ngokweqile, inzwa yokushisa yokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo inikezwa ohlelweni. I-thermistor (thermistor) futhi iqukethe indlu nento yokuzwa. Lesi sakamuva senziwe nge-semiconductor eguqula ukumelana kwayo emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene. Isiginali evela enzwa idluliselwa kuyunithi yokulawula ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo. Njengomthetho, kungukuthembela okulinganayo kwamandla kagesi ekushiseni. Ukufundwa kwenzwa kungatholwa kuphela kusetshenziswa isithwebuli esikhethekile sokuxilonga.

Inzwa yokushisa ingafakwa ezindlini zokudlulisa, kepha kaningi yakhelwe ku-harness wiring ngaphakathi kokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo. Uma izinga lokushisa elivumelekile lidluliwe, i-ECU inganciphisa amandla ngenkani, kuze kufike ekushintsheni kwe-gearbox iye kumodi yezimo eziphuthumayo.

Ingcindezi yemitha

Ukunquma isilinganiso sokujikeleza koketshezi olusebenzayo ekudlulisweni okuzenzakalelayo, inzwa yengcindezi ingahlinzekwa ohlelweni. Kungaba eziningana zazo (zeziteshi ezahlukahlukene). Isilinganiso senziwa ngokuguqula ingcindezi yoketshezi olusebenzayo lube amasiginali kagesi, anikezwa iyunithi yokulawula kagesi ka-gearbox.

Izinzwa zengcindezi zizinhlobo ezimbili:

• Okuhlukile - lungisa ukuphambuka kwamamodi wokusebenza kusuka kunani elibekiwe. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile, oxhumana nabo bezinzwa baxhumekile. Uma ingcindezi esizeni sokufaka inzwa ingaphansi kunalokho okudingekayo, oxhumana nabo bezinzwa bavuleka, bese iyunithi yokulawula ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo ithola isignali ehambisanayo bese ithumela umyalo wokunyusa ingcindezi.
• I-Analog - iguqula izinga lengcindezi libe yisiginali kagesi yobukhulu obuhambisanayo. Izinto ezizwelayo zezinzwa ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukushintsha ukumelana ngokuya ngezinga le-deformation ngaphansi kwethonya lengcindezi.

Izinzwa ezisizayo zokulawulwa kokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo

Ngaphezu kwezinzwa ezinkulu ezihlobene ngqo no-gearbox, uphiko lwayo lokulawula ngogesi lungasebenzisa futhi nemininingwane etholwe kweminye imithombo. Njengomthetho, lezi izinzwa ezilandelayo:

• I-Brake pedal sensor - isiginali yayo isetshenziswa lapho isikhethi sikhiyiwe endaweni ka- "P".
• Inzwa yesikhundla segesi - efakwe kusinyathelo esisebenza ngogesi esisheshayo. Kuyadingeka ukunquma isicelo samanje semodi yedrayivu kusuka kumshayeli.
• Inzwa Yesikhundla Sokumpintsha - Itholakala emzimbeni wempintsha. Isiginali esivela kulenzwa ikhombisa umthwalo osebenzayo wamanje wenjini futhi inomthelela ekukhetheni igiya elilungile.

Iqoqo lamasense wokudlulisa othomathikhi aqinisekisa ukusebenza kwawo okulungile nokunethezeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto. Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa, ibhalansi yohlelo iyaphazamiseka, futhi umshayeli uzokwaziswa ngokushesha ngohlelo lokuxilonga olusebhodini (okungukuthi, "iphutha" elihambisanayo lizokhanya kuqoqo lwensimbi). Ukungazinaki izimpawu ezingasebenzi kahle kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ezingxenyeni eziyinhloko zemoto, ngakho-ke, uma kutholakala ukungasebenzi kahle, kunconywa ukuxhumana ngokushesha nensizakalo ekhethekile.