Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza kwesiguquli se-torque yesimanje

Isiguquli sokuqala se-torque sivele ngaphezu kweminyaka eyikhulu edlule. Njengoba sekulungiswe futhi kwenziwa ngcono okuningi, le ndlela esebenza kahle yokudlulisa ngokushelelayo kwe-torque isasetshenziswa namuhla ezindaweni eziningi zobunjiniyela bemishini, futhi imboni yezimoto nayo iyahlukile. Ukushayela manje sekulula kakhulu futhi kunethezekile njengoba singekho isidingo sokusebenzisa i-clutch pedal. Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza kwesiguquli se-torque, njengakho konke okuhlakaniphile, kulula kakhulu.

Umlando wokubukeka

Ngokokuqala ngqá, unjiniyela waseJalimane uHermann Fettinger ngo-1905 wanikeza umgomo wokudlulisa i-torque ngokuphindaphinda uketshezi phakathi kweziphepheli ezimbili ngaphandle kokuxhuma okuqinile. Amadivayisi asebenza ngesisekelo salesi simiso abizwa ngokuthi ama-fluid couplings. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukwakhiwa kokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi kwakudinga abaklami bezimoto ukuthola indlela yokudlulisa kancane kancane i-torque isuka enjinini yesitimu iye kuzihambisi ezinkulu zemikhumbi emanzini. Lapho ehlanganiswa ngokuqinile, amanzi anciphisa ijubane lamakhasi ngesikhathi sokuqala, enza umthwalo olweqile ngokweqile ezimotweni, emigodini nasemalungeni awo.

Ngemuva kwalokho, izixhumi zesimanje ezihlanganisa uketshezi zaqala ukusetshenziswa emabhasini aseLondon nasezitimeleni zokuqala zikadizili ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziqala ngokushelela. Futhi ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi, ukuhlangana kuketshezi kwenza impilo yaba lula kubashayeli bezimoto. Imoto yokuqala yokukhiqiza enesiguquli se-torque, i-Oldsmobile Custom 8 Cruiser, yasuka kulayini womhlangano kwaGeneral Motors ngo-1939.

Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza

Isiguquli se-torque siyigumbi elivaliwe lesimo se-toroidal, ngaphakathi kwalo ukudonsa, okwe-reactor kanye ne-turbine impellers kubekwe ngokuhlangana eduze komunye nomunye. Umthamo wangaphakathi wesiguquli se-torque ugcwele uketshezi lokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo okujikeleza kumbuthano osuka kwelinye isondo uye kwelinye. Isondo lempompo lenziwa ezindlini zokuguqula futhi lixhunywe ngokuqinile ku-crankshaft, i.e. ijikeleza ngejubane lenjini. Isondo le-turbine lixhunywe ngokuqinile ku-shaft yokufaka yokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo.

Phakathi kwazo kunesondo lokuphendula, noma i-stator. Isiphenduli sibekwe ku-freewheel clutch esivumela ukuthi ijikeleze ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Ama-reactor ane-geometry ekhethekile, ngenxa yokuthi ukugeleza koketshezi kubuyile kusuka esondweni le-turbine kuya esondweni lempompo kuguqula indlela, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise i-torque esondweni lempompo. Lokhu ngumehluko phakathi kwesiguquli se-torque nokuhlangana koketshezi. Kulesi sakamuva, akukho-reactor, futhi, ngokufanele, i-torque ayikhulisi.

Ukuthi isebenza kanjani Isiguquli se-torque sisekwe ekudlulisweni kwe-torque kusuka enjini kuya ekuyidluliseni ngokusebenzisa ukugeleza koketshezi okuphindayo, ngaphandle kokuxhuma okuqinile.

Indiza yokushayela, kuhlanganiswe ne-crankshaft ejikelezayo yenjini, kudala ukugeleza koketshezi okushaya izindwani zesondo le-turbine eliphikisayo. Ngaphansi kwethonya loketshezi, iqala ukusebenza futhi idlulise i-torque kushaft yokufaka yokudlulisela.

Ngokukhuphuka kwesivinini senjini, ijubane lokuzungezisa lempepho liyenyuka, okuholela ekwandeni kwamandla okugeleza koketshezi okuphatha isondo le-turbine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uketshezi, olubuyela ngamacembe we-reactor, luthola ukusheshiswa okungeziwe.

Ukugeleza koketshezi kuguqulwa kuye ngejubane lokujikeleza kwe-impeller. Okwamanje ukulingana kwejubane lamasondo ophephela nopompo, ophendulayo ukhubaza ukusakazwa kwamahhala ketshezi bese eqala ukuzungeza ngenxa yendlela yamahhala efakiwe. Omathathu amasondo ajikeleza ndawonye, ​​futhi uhlelo luqala ukusebenza ngemodi yokuhlangana oketshezi ngaphandle kwe-torque ekhulayo. Ngokwanda komthwalo ku-shaft okukhiphayo, ijubane lesondo le-turbine linciphisa ijubane uma liqhathaniswa nesondo lokumpompa, ophendulayo uvinjelwe futhi uphinde uqale ukuguqula ukugeleza koketshezi.

Izinzuzo

1. Ukunyakaza okubushelelezi nokuqala.
2. Ukunciphisa ukudlidlizela kanye nemithwalo ekudlulisweni kusuka ekusebenzeni okungalingani kwenjini.
3. Kungenzeka ukwandisa i-torque yenjini.
4. Akunasidingo sokugcinwa (ukubuyiselwa kwezinto, njll.).

amaphutha

1. Ukusebenza kahle okuphansi (ngenxa yokungabikho kokulahleka kwe-hydraulic nokuxhuma okuqinile nenjini).
2. Izinto eziguquguqukayo ezimotweni zemoto ezihambisana nezindleko zamandla nesikhathi sokuqeda ukugeleza koketshezi.
3. Izindleko eziphezulu.

Imodi yokukhiya

Ukuze ubhekane nobubi obukhulu besiguquli se-torque (ukusebenza okuphansi kanye namandla wempi yezimoto), kuthuthukiswe indlela yokukhiya. Isimiso sayo sokusebenza sifana ne-classic clutch. Umshini uqukethe ipuleti lokuvimba, elixhunywe esondweni le-turbine (ngakho-ke ku-shaft input shaft) emithonjeni ye-torsional vibration damper. Ipuleti linezicucu ezingaphezulu. Ngomyalo weyunithi yokulawula ukudluliswa, ipuleti licindezelwe ngokumelene nengaphakathi lendlu yokuguqula ngokusebenzisa ingcindezi yoketshezi. I-torque iqala ukudluliswa ngqo kusuka enjini iye ku-gearbox ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kuketshezi. Ngakho-ke, kuncishiswa ukulahleka nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Ilokhi inikwe amandla kunoma yiliphi igiya.

Imodi yokushelela

I-torque converter lock-up nayo ingaphelele futhi isebenze ngendlela ebizwa ngokuthi "i-slip mode". Ipuleti lokuvimba alicindezelwe ngokuphelele endaweni yokusebenza, ngaleyo ndlela linikeze ukushelela okuncane kwephedi yokuhilizisana. I-torque idluliselwa ngasikhathi sinye ngokusebenzisa ipuleti lokuvimba kanye noketshezi olujikelezayo. Ngenxa yokusebenzisa le modi, izimfanelo ezinamandla zemoto zanda kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunyakaza okushelelayo kugcinwa. I-elekthronikhi iqinisekisa ukuthi i-lock-up clutch isebenza ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusheshisa, futhi ihlukaniswe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka lapho ijubane lincishisiwe.

Kodwa-ke, imodi yokushibilika elawulwayo inokubuyela emuva okubalulekile okuhambisana nokuhuzuka kwezindawo zokubamba, okuthi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvezwe imiphumela emibi yokushisa. Imikhiqizo yokugqoka ingena emafutheni, iphazamise ukusebenza kwayo. Imodi yokushelela ivumela isiguquli se-torque ukuthi sisebenze kahle ngangokunokwenzeka, kepha ngasikhathi sinye sinciphisa kakhulu impilo yaso.