4Matic all-wheel drive uhlelo

Ukuphathwa kwezimoto kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho ukuphepha emgwaqeni kuncike khona. Izimoto eziningi zesimanje zifakwe i-transmission edlulisa i-torque kwelinye lamasondo (ngaphambili noma ngemuva kwesondo). Kepha amandla aphakeme amanye ama-powertrains aphoqa abenzi bezimoto ukuthi bakhiqize ukulungiswa kwawo wonke amasondo. Uma udlulisa i-torque isuka kwimoto esebenza kahle iya ku-ekseli elilodwa, ukwehla kwamasondo okushayela kuzokwenzeka nakanjani.

Ukuze uzinze imoto emgwaqeni futhi uyenze iphephe futhi ithembeke ngokwengeziwe ngesitayela semidlalo yokushayela, kubalulekile ukusabalalisa i-torque kuwo wonke amasondo. Lokhu kukhulisa ukuzinza nokulawulwa kwezimoto ezindaweni ezingazinzile, njengeqhwa, udaka noma isihlabathi.

Uma usabalalisa kahle imizamo esondweni ngalinye, umshini awesabi ngisho nezimo zomgwaqo ezinzima kakhulu ezinendawo engazinzile. Ukufeza lo mbono, abakhiqizi bezimoto sekuyisikhathi eside benza zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo ezenzelwe ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwemoto ezimweni ezinjalo. Isibonelo salokhu umehluko (ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuthi kuyini, kuchazwa kwesinye isihloko). Kungaba yi-inter-axle noma i-axle ephakathi.

Phakathi kwalezi zintuthuko kukhona nohlelo lwe-4Matic, olwakhiwa ngochwepheshe bemoto edumile yemoto yaseJalimane iMercedes-Benz. Ake sicabangele ukuthi yini le phawu kule ntuthuko, ukuthi yavela kanjani nokuthi inhloboni yedivayisi.

Luyini uhlelo lwe-4Matic all-wheel drive system

Njengoba sekucacile esethulweni, i-4Matic uhlelo oludonsa ngawo wonke amasondo, okungukuthi, i-torque ephuma kuyunithi yamandla isatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amasondo ukuze, kuye ngezimo zomgwaqo, ngalinye lazo lihambe phambili. Akuwona ama-SUV agcwele kuphela afakwe uhlelo olunjalo (ukuthola eminye imininingwane ukuthi hlobo luni lwemoto nokuthi luhluke kanjani kuma-crossovers, funda lapha), kodwa nezimoto, ngaphansi kwe-hood lapho kufakwa khona injini yomlilo yangaphakathi enamandla.

Igama lohlelo livela ku- 4I-WD (isb.4-wheel drive) ne-autoUMATIKI (ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo kwezinqubo). Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-torque kulawulwa nge-elektroniki, kepha ukudluliswa kwamandla uqobo kungohlobo lomshini, hhayi ukulingisa ngogesi. Namuhla, kukho konke lokhu, lolu hlelo lubhekwa njengenye yezobuchwepheshe obuphakeme futhi lunamasethingi anhlobonhlobo amasethingi.

Cabanga ukuthi lolu hlelo luvele kanjani futhi lwakhiwa kanjani, nokuthi yini efakiwe esakhiweni salo.

Umlando wokwakhiwa kwama-wheel drive wonke

Wona kanye umqondo wokufaka wonke amasondo ezimotweni ezinamasondo awumusha. Imodeli yokuqala yemoto ene-wheel drive ephelele yiDutch sports car Spyker 60 / 80HP kusukela ngo-1903. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakuyimoto esindayo ethola imishini ehloniphekile. Ngaphezu kokudlulisa i-torque kuwo wonke amasondo, ngaphansi kwehodhi yayo bekukhona i-in-line engu-6-cylinder petroli unit unit, obekuyivelakancane kakhulu. Uhlelo lwamabhuleki lwehlisa ijubane ukuzungeziswa kwawo wonke amasondo, futhi kwakukhona ukwehluka okungathathu kokudluliswa, elinye lalo lalimaphakathi.

Ngemuva konyaka owodwa nje, umugqa wonke wamaloli ashayela ngawo wonke amasondo wadalelwa izidingo zebutho lase-Austrian, ezazethulwe ngu-Austro-Daimler. Lezi zinhlobo kamuva zasetshenziswa njengesisekelo sezimoto ezihlomile. Eduze nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, wonke amasondo angakwazanga ukumangaza noma ngubani. Futhi iMercedes-Benz nayo ibibambe iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni nasekuthuthukiseni lolu hlelo.

Isizukulwane sokuqala

Okudingeka kuqala ukuvela kokulungiswa okuphumelelayo kwezinqubo kwaba ukwethulwa kwento entsha evela kulo mkhiqizo, eyenzeka ngaphakathi kohlaka lombukiso wezimoto odumile emhlabeni wonke eFrankfurt. Umcimbi wenzeka ngo-1985. Kodwa isizukulwane sokuqala samasondo onke avela ku-automaker waseJalimane saqala ukukhiqizwa eminyakeni emibili kamuva.

Lesi sithombe esingezansi sikhombisa umdwebo owafakwa kumodeli ka-124 iMercedes-Benz W1984:

Kube nokuvimba okunzima kokungafani kwangemuva naphakathi nendawo (ngemininingwane yokuthi kungani udinga ukuvimba umehluko, funda ngokwehlukana). Kwafakwa nomehluko phakathi kwamasondo ohlangothini lwangaphambili, kodwa awuzange uvinjwe, ngoba kulokhu ukuphathwa kwemoto kwehla.

Uhlelo lokuqala lwe-4Matic olwenziwe ngochungechunge lwalubandakanyeka ekudlulisweni kwe-torque kuphela uma kwenzeka i-spin ye-ekseli enkulu. Ukukhubaza idrayivu enamasondo amane nakho bekune-mode ezenzakalelayo - ngokushesha nje lapho kuvulwa uhlelo lwe-anti-lock braking, idrayivu enamasondo amane nayo yakhutshazwa.

Kulokho kuthuthukiswa, izindlela ezintathu zokusebenza bezitholakala:

1. Idonsa ngamasondo angemuva ayi-100%. Yonke i-torque iya ku-ekseli langemuva, namasondo angaphambili ahlala ejikeleza kuphela;
2. Ukudluliswa kwe-torque okuyingxenye. Amasondo angaphambili aqhutshwa kancane kuphela. Ukwabiwa kwamandla emasondweni angaphambili ngamaphesenti angama-35, kanti ngemuva - ngamaphesenti angama-65. Kule ndlela, amasondo angemuva kuseseyiwona aphambili, kanti ngaphambili kusiza kuphela ukuzinzisa imoto noma ukuphuma esigabeni esingcono somgwaqo;
3. I-torque engu-50% ihlukaniswe. Kule modi, wonke amasondo athola iphesenti elifanayo le-torque ngezinga elifanayo. Futhi, le nketho ikwazi ukukhubaza ukukhiya okwehlukile kwe-eksisi yangemuva.

Lokhu kuguqulwa kwe-wheel drive yonke kwasetshenziswa ezimotweni zokukhiqiza ze-auto brand kuze kube ngo-1997.

Isizukulwane sesibili

Ukuvela okulandelayo kokudluliswa kwamasondo onke kusuka kumkhiqizi waseJalimane kwaqala ukuvela kumamodeli we-E-class efanayo - i-W210. Ingafakwa kuphela kulezo zimoto ebeziqhutshwa emigwaqeni ezihamba ngesandla sangakwesokudla, bese kuthi ngoku-oda kuphela. Njengomsebenzi oyisisekelo, i-4Matic yafakwa kuma-W163 M-class SUVs. Kulokhu, idrayivu enamasondo amane yayihlala unomphela.

Amalokhi ahlukile athola i-algorithm ehlukile. Kwakuwukulingisa ilokhi ye-elekthronikhi, eyasebenza ngokulawulwa kwe-traction. Lolu hlelo lwehlise ijubane ukujikeleza kwesondo le-skid, ngenxa yokuthi i-torque yasabalaliswa ngokwengxenye kwamanye amasondo.

Ukuqala ngalesi sizukulwane se-4Matic, i-automaker ishiye ngokuphelele izingidi eziqinile zokwehlukanisa. Lesi sizukulwane sasikhona emakethe kuze kube ngu-2002.

Isizukulwane sesithathu

Isizukulwane sesithathu i-4Matic savela ngo-2002, futhi sasikhona kumamodeli alandelayo:

• I-C-class W203;
• Isigaba se-S W220;
• I-E-Class W211.

Lolu hlelo lubuye lwathola uhlobo lwe-elekthronikhi lokulawula ukukhiya okwehlukile. Lezi zindlela, njengasesizukulwaneni esedlule, zazingavinjelwe ngokuqinile. Izinguquko zithinte ama-algorithms wokulingisa ukuvimbela ukushelela kwamasondo okushayela. Le nqubo ilawulwa uhlelo lokulawula ukudonsa kanye nohlelo lokuqina lokuqina.

IV isizukulwane

Isizukulwane sesithathu sasikhona emakethe iminyaka emine, kepha ukukhiqizwa kwaso akuphothulwanga. Kwakungenxa nje yokuthi umthengi manje wayesengakhetha ukuthi iyiphi imoto azoyifakela ngayo imoto. Ngo-2006, uhlelo lwe-4Matic lwathola ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo. Sekuvele kubonakala kuhlu lwezinto zokusebenza ze-S550. Umehluko wesikhungo se-asymmetrical ushintshiwe. Esikhundleni salokho, kwakusetshenziswa u-gearbox oyiplanethi. Umsebenzi wakhe unikeze ukusatshalaliswa kwamaphesenti angama-45/55 phakathi kwama-ekseli angaphambili / angemuva.

Isithombe sikhombisa umdwebo wesizukulwane sesine i-4Matic all-wheel drive, ebisetshenziswa eMercedes-Benz S-Class:

1) Gearbox kushaft; 2) Ukwahluka ngamagiya aseplanethi; 3) Ku-asi engemuva; 4) Side ophumayo igiya; 5) ohlangothini Cardan ophumayo; 6) indiza shaft ye-ekseli langaphambili; 7) Multi-plate bamba; 8) ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo.

Ngenxa yokuthi izindlela zokuhamba zesimanje zaqala ukuthola izilawuli ezengeziwe ze-elekthronikhi, ukulawulwa kokulawulwa kwamasondo okushayela sekusebenze ngempumelelo kakhulu. Uhlelo ngokwalo lwalulawulwa ngenxa yezimpawu ezivela ezinzwa zezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene eziqinisekisa ukuphepha okusebenzayo komshini. Amandla avela emotweni ahlinzekwa ngokuqhubekayo kuwo wonke amasondo.

Ubuhle balesi sizukulwane ukuthi buhlinzeka ibhalansi efanelekile phakathi kokuphathwa kahle kwezimoto nokudonsa okuhamba phambili lapho kunqotshwa indawo embi. Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo zohlelo, ngemuva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa yokukhiqizwa, ukuthuthuka kwalo okulandelayo kwalandela.

V isizukulwane

Isizukulwane sesihlanu i-4Matic sivele kusukela ngo-2013, futhi singatholakala kumamodeli alandelayo:

• I-CLA45 AMG;
• I-GL 500.

Ukucaca kwalesi sizukulwane ukuthi kuhloselwe izimoto ezineyunithi yamandla ahambayo (kulokhu, ukudluliswa kuzophendula amasondo angaphambili). Ukuvuselelwa kwesimanje kube nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwama-actuator, kanye nomgomo wokusatshalaliswa kwe-torque.

Kulokhu, imoto idonsa ngamasondo angaphambili. Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla kuwo wonke amasondo manje sekungasebenza ngokuvula imodi ehambelanayo kuphaneli yokulawula.

Isebenza kanjani i-4Matic system

Isakhiwo sohlelo lwe-4Matic siqukethe:

• Amabhokisi okuzenzakalelayo;
• Ikesi lokudlulisa, ukwakheka kwalo okuhlinzekela ukuba khona kwebhokisi lamagiya leplanethi (kusukela esizukulwaneni sesine, lisetshenziswa njengenye indlela yokwehlukanisa isikhungo se-asymmetric);
• Ukudluliswa kweCardan (ngemininingwane yokuthi kuyini, nokuthi ikuphi okunye okusetshenziswa ezimotweni, funda kokunye ukubuyekeza);
• Umehluko we-axle wangaphambili (wamahhala, noma ongavimbeli);
• Ukwehluka kwangemuva kwe-axle axle (futhi kumahhala).

Kunezinguquko ezimbili ze-4Matic all-wheel drive. Owokuqala wenzelwe izimoto zabagibeli, kanti owesibili ufakwe kumaSUV nakumatekisi. Emakethe namuhla, kuvame ukuba nezimoto ezinesizukulwane sesithathu sohlelo lwe-4Matic. Isizathu ukuthi lesi sizukulwane siyabiza kakhulu futhi sinokulinganisela okuhle kokugcinwa, ukuthembeka nokusebenza kahle.

Enye into ethinte ukuthandwa kwalesi sizukulwane ukukhuphuka komsebenzi we-automaker yaseJalimane iMercedes. Kusukela ngo-2000, inkampani inqume ukunciphisa izindleko zemikhiqizo yayo, futhi, kunalokho, ukwandisa ikhwalithi yamamodeli. Ngenxa yalokhu, lo mkhiqizo wazuza abathanda kakhulu futhi igama elithi "ikhwalithi yaseJalimane" lagxila ngokuqinile ezingqondweni zabashayeli.

Izici zohlelo lwe-4Matic

Amasistimu afanayo amasondo onke asebenza ngokuhambisa okwenziwa ngesandla, kepha i-4Matic ifakwa uma ukudluliswa kuzenzakalela. Isizathu sokungahambisani nemishini ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwe-torque akwenziwa ngumshayeli, njengamamodeli amaningi wezimoto ezihamba ngamasondo onke ekhulwini elidlule, kodwa nge-elekthronikhi. Ukuba khona kokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo ekudlulisweni kwemoto yisimo esibalulekile esinquma ukuthi uhlelo olunjalo luzofakwa emotweni noma cha.

Isizukulwane ngasinye sinemigomo yaso yokusebenza. Njengoba izizukulwane ezimbili zokuqala zingandile kakhulu emakethe, sizogxila ekutheni izizukulwane ezintathu zokugcina zisebenza kanjani.

Isizukulwane sesithathu

Lolu hlobo lwe-PP lufakwe kuwo womabili ama-sedans nama-SUV akhanyayo. Ezimweni ezinjalo zokunquma, ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla phakathi kwama-ekseli kwenziwa ngesilinganiso samaphesenti angama-40 kuye kwangama-60 (ngaphansi - kuye ngaphambili kwe-asi). Uma imoto iyi-SUV ephelele, i-torque isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo - amaphesenti angama-50 ku-ekseli ngalinye.

Uma esetshenziswa ezimotweni ezithengiswayo noma kumaSussian sedans, amasondo angaphambili azosebenza ngamaphesenti angama-45 kuthi amasondo angemuva asebenze ngamaphesenti angama-55. Ukuguqulwa okuhlukile kugcinelwe amamodeli we-AMG - isilinganiso sawo se-eksisi singama-33/67.

Uhlelo olunjalo luqukethe i-propeller shaft, ikesi lokudlulisa (idlulisela i-torque emasondweni angemuva), umehluko we-axle ngaphambili nangemuva, kanye nemiphini ye-ekseli engemuva emibili. Indlela eyinhloko ekuyo yikesi lokudlulisa. Le divayisi ilungisa ukusebenza kuka-gearbox (ingena esikhundleni somehluko wesikhungo). Ukudluliswa kwe-torque kwenziwa ngegiya lelanga (amagiya wobubanzi obuhlukile asetshenziselwa imiphini ye-ekseli langaphambili nangemuva).

IV isizukulwane

Isizukulwane sesine i-4Matic sisebenzisa umehluko we-cylindrical, okhiywe nge-clutch enamadiski amabili. Amandla asatshalaliswa ngamaphesenti angama-45/55 (ngaphezulu ngemuva). Lapho imoto ihamba ngesivinini eqhweni, i-clutch ikhiya umehluko ukuze wonke amasondo amane adlale.

Lapho udlula ukujika okucijile, kungabonakala ukushelela kwe-clutch. Lokhu kwenzeka uma kunomehluko ongu-45 Nm phakathi kokuhluka kwamasondo. Lokhu kuqeda ukugqokwa okusheshayo kwamathayi alayishiwe asindayo. Ukusebenza kwe-4Matic, uhlelo lwe-4ETS, ESP lusetshenziselwa (luhlobo luni lohlelo, funda lapha) kanye ne-ASR.

V isizukulwane

Okukhethekile kwesizukulwane sesihlanu i-4Matic ukuthi idonsa ngamasondo amane kuyo uma kunesidingo. Eminye imoto ihlala idonsa ngamasondo angaphambili (ixhunyiwe i-PP). Ngenxa yalokhu, imodi yokushayela emgwaqeni yasemadolobheni noma ejwayelekile izoba ukonga kakhulu kune-wheel drive ehlala njalo. I-asi engemuva ivulwa ngokuzenzakalela lapho i-elektroniki ithola ukushelela kwesondo ku-ekseli enkulu.

Ukunqanyulwa kwe-PP nakho kwenzeka ngemodi ezenzakalelayo. Okucacile kwalokhu kuguqulwa ukuthi ngezinga elithile likwazi ukulungisa ukuma kwemoto ngokwandisa indawo yokubamba yamasondo okushayela emakhoneni kuze kusebenze izindlela zohlelo lokuzinza kwesilinganiso sokushintshisana.

Idivayisi yohlelo ifaka enye iyunithi yokulawula, efakwe ku-robotic preselective (wet-type double clutch, inqubo yokusebenza echazwe ngayo ngokwehlukana) u-gearbox. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, uhlelo lusebenzisa ukusabalalisa kwe-torque okungu-50%, kepha esimweni esiphuthumayo, i-elektroniki ilungisa ukulethwa kwamandla ngokuhlukile:

• Iyashesha imoto - isilinganiso singu-60 kuya ku-40;
• Imoto idlula ngokulandelana kokujika - isilinganiso singu-50 kuya ku-50;
• Amasondo angaphambili alahlekelwe ukudonsa - isilinganiso esingu-10 kuya ku-90;
• Amabhuleki aphuthumayo - amasondo angaphambili athola umkhawulo omkhulu we-Nm.

isiphetho

Namuhla, abashayeli abaningi bezwe okungenani ngohlelo lwe-4Matic. Abanye bakwazi ukuzibonela ngokwabo ukusebenza kwezizukulwane eziningana zawo wonke amasondo avela kumkhiqizo wezimoto owaziwa umhlaba wonke. Uhlelo alunakho ukuncintisana okukhulu phakathi kwentuthuko enjalo, yize kungenakuphikwa ukuthi kukhona ukuguqulwa okufanele okusetshenziswa kumamodeli abanye abenzi bezimoto, isibonelo, iQuattro yakwa-Audi noma i-xdrive yakwa-BMW.

Intuthuko yokuqala ye-4Matic yayihloselwe kuphela inani elincane lamamodeli, bese njengenketho. Kepha ngenxa yokuthembeka nokusebenza kwayo, uhlelo lwathola ukuqashelwa futhi lwathandwa. Lokhu kudale ukuthi abenzi bezimoto bacubungule indlela abasebenza ngayo ekukhiqizweni kwezimoto ezihamba ngamasondo amane ezinamandla okusabalalisa amandla kagesi.

Ngaphezu kokuthi i-4Matic all-wheel drive yenza kube lula ukunqoba izingxenye zomgwaqo ezinezindawo ezinzima nezingazinzile, inikeza ukuphepha okwengeziwe ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Ngohlelo olusebenzayo nolusebenzayo, umshayeli angakwazi ukuyilawula ngokuphelele imoto. Kepha akufanele uthembele ngokuphelele kule ndlela, ngoba ayikwazi ukunqoba imithetho yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, akunasimo lapho kufanele unganaki izidingo eziyisisekelo zokushayela okuphephile: gcina ibanga nomkhawulo wejubane, ikakhulukazi emigwaqeni ejiyayo.

Ekuphetheni - idrayivu encane yokuhlola iMercedes w212 e350 enohlelo lwe-4Matic:

I-minitest idonsa ngamasondo onke iMercedes w212 e350 4 matic

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Isebenza kanjani i-4 matic? Kulokhu kudluliselwa, i-torque isatshalaliswa ku-axle ngayinye yemoto, okwenza kube yiyo ehamba phambili. Kuye ngesizukulwane (kukhona 5 kubo), uxhumano lwe-axis yesibili kwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo noma kwimodi yezandla.

Isho ukuthini i-AMG? Isifinyezo esithi AMG simelela i-Aufrecht (igama lomsunguli wenkampani), uMelchner (igama lozakwethu) kanye neGrossashpach (indawo okwazalelwa kuyo i-Aufrecht).