I-Thorsen: izizukulwane, amadivayisi kanye nenqubo yokusebenza

Ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwemoto, kuba nomphumela ohluke kakhulu kumasondo ayo, kusuka kutorque eqhamuka enjinini ngokudluliswa, futhi kugcine ngomehluko wezinguquko lapho imoto inqoba ukujika okucijile. Ezimotweni zesimanje, umehluko usetshenziselwa ukuqeda umehluko ekujikelezeni kwesondo ku-eksisi eyodwa.

Ngeke sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi iyini nokuthi iyini inqubo yayo yokusebenza - kukhona isihloko esihlukile... Kulesi sibuyekezo, sizobheka enye yezinhlobo zezinqubo ezidume kakhulu - iTorsen. Ake sixoxe ngokuthi kuyini ukukhetha kwayo, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, ifakwa kuziphi izimoto, nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zayo. Le ndlela yathandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokwethulwa kwayo kumaSUV nakumamodeli wemoto ehamba ngamasondo onke.

Eziningi zezinhlobo zabo zezimoto ezidonsa ngamasondo amane, abenzi bezimoto bafaka amasistimu ahlukene ahambisa i-torque eceleni kwama-asi wemoto. Isibonelo, kwi-BMW, ​​le yi-xDrive (funda ngalokhu kuthuthukiswa lapha), I-Mercedes-Benz - 4Matic (kuchazwa ukuthi yiyiphi ingqayizivele yayo ngokwehlukana) njll. Imvamisa umehluko wezinto ezikhiwayo othomathikhi ufakiwe kudivayisi yezinhlelo ezinjalo.

Kuyini umehluko weTorsen

Umehluko weTorsen ungenye yezinguquko zezinhlobo ezinohlobo lwe-worm gearing kanye nezinga eliphakeme lokungqubuzana. Amadivayisi afanayo asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zezimoto lapho amandla e-torque esatshalaliswa kusuka ku-axle yokushayela kuya ku-axle eqhutshwa. Lolu cingo lubekwe esondweni lokushayela, oluvimbela ukugqokwa kwamathayi ngaphambi kwesikhathi lapho imoto ihamba emgwaqeni ojikayo.

Futhi, izindlela ezifanayo zifakiwe phakathi kwama-asi amabili ukuze kuthathwe amandla kusuka kuyunithi yamandla kuya ku-ekseli yesibili, ikwenze kube okuhamba phambili. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zesimanje zezimoto ezingekho emgwaqeni, umehluko wesikhungo uthathelwa indawo yi-multi-plate friction clutch (ukwakheka kwayo, ukulungiswa kwayo kanye nenqubo yokusebenza kubhekwa kwesinye isihloko).

Igama elithi Thorsen ngokwezwi nezwi lihumusha lisuselwa esiNgisini njenge- "torque sensitive". Lolu hlobo lwedivayisi luyakwazi ukuzikhiya ngokwakho. Ngenxa yalokhu, into yokuzikhiya ayidingi amadivayisi angeziwe alinganisa ukusebenza komshini ocatshangelwayo. Le nqubo izokwenzeka lapho imiphini yokushayela nokuqhutshwa ine-rpm ehlukile noma i-torque ehlukile.

Ukuklanywa kwezindlela zokuzikhiya kusho ukuthi kukhona amagiya ezikelemu (aqhutshwa futhi ahola). Emibuthanweni yabashayeli, ungezwa igama lesathelayithi noma i-semi-axle. Lokhu konke kungumqondofana wamagiya ezikelemu asetshenziswe kulo mshini. Igiya lembungu linesici esisodwa - akudingeki ukuthi lidlulise ukunyakaza kokujikeleza kusuka kumagiya aseduze. Ngokuphambene nalokho, le ngxenye ingazimela ngokuzimela izinto zegiya eziseduze. Lokhu kunikeza ukukhiya okwehlukile.

Ukuqokwa

Ngakho-ke, inhloso yokwehlukaniswa kweTorsen ukuhlinzeka ngokususwa kwamandla nokusebenza kahle kwe-torque phakathi kwalezi zinqubo ezimbili. Uma le divayisi isetshenziswa ekushayeleni amasondo, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuze kuthi lapho isondo elilodwa lishibilika, leli lesibili lingalahli i-torque, kepha liqhubeke nokusebenza, lihlinzeka ngokuhlangana nomgwaqo. Ukwahlukaniswa kwesikhungo kunomsebenzi ofanayo - lapho amasondo e-ekseli enkulu eshibhile, uyakwazi ukukhiya nokudlulisela ingxenye yamandla ku-ekseli lesibili.

Kwezinye izimoto zesimanje, abenzi bezimoto bangasebenzisa ukuguqulwa okwehlukile okuzikhiya ngokuzimela isondo elimisiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, amandla amakhulu ahanjiswa ku-axle trailing, kepha kulowo one-traction enhle. Le ngxenye yokudlulisela ilungile uma umshini uvame ukunqoba izimo ezingekho mgwaqo.

Indawo okuyo incike ekutheni imoto inokudluliswa okunjani:

• Isondo elihamba phambili imoto yokushayela. Kulokhu, umehluko uzoba sezindlini zebhokisi lamagiya;
• Emuva wheel drive imoto. Kuleli lungiselelo, umehluko uzofakwa ezindlini ze-ekseli le-asi ye-asi;
• Izimoto ezihamba ngamasondo amane. Kulokhu, umehluko (uma i-multi-plate center clutch ingasetshenziswanga njengozakwabo) izofakwa ezindlini ze-ekseli zama-asi angaphambili nangasemuva. Idlulisa i-torque kuwo wonke amasondo. Uma ngabe le divayisi ifakiwe esimweni sokudlulisa, khona-ke izohlinzeka ngokususwa kwamandla ngama-axles wedrayivu (ngemininingwane engaphezulu yokuthi liyini icala lokudlulisa, funda kokunye ukubuyekeza).

Umlando wendalo

Ngaphambi kokuthi kuvele le divayisi, abashayeli bezimoto ezizisebenzelayo babona ukwehla kokulawulwa kwezisebenzi lapho kunqoba ukugoba ngejubane. Ngalesi sikhathi, wonke amasondo, axhumene ngokuqinile nge-ekseli evamile, anama-angular velocity afanayo. Ngenxa yalomphumela, elinye lamasondo alilahlekelani nobuso bomgwaqo (injini iyenza ijikeleze ngejubane elifanayo, nobuso bomgwaqo buyayivimba), okwasheshisa ukugqokwa kwamathayi.

Ukuxazulula le nkinga, onjiniyela abasungula ukuguqulwa okulandelayo kwezimoto badonsela ukunakekela kudivayisi, eyadalwa umsunguli waseFrance u-O. Pecker. Inemiphini namagiya ekwakhiweni kwayo. Umsebenzi womshini kwakuwukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-torque idluliselwa kusuka enjinini yesitimu kuya emasondweni okushayela.

Yize ezimweni eziningi ezokuthutha ziba nokuzinza okwengeziwe lapho kuvinjwe khona, kodwa ngosizo lwale divayisi bekungenakwenzeka ukuqeda ngokuphelele isiliphu samasondo ngejubane elihlukile le-angular. Lokhu kubuyela emuva kwabonakala ikakhulukazi lapho imoto iwela emgwaqweni oshelelayo (iqhwa noma udaka).

Njengoba ezokuthutha bezisahlala zingazinzile lapho zimi emigwaqeni engenawo ugesi, lokhu bekuvame ukuholela ekwenzekeni kwezingozi zomgwaqo. Lokho kwashintsha lapho umklami uFerdinand Porsche edala umshini wekhamera ovimbela amasondo edrayivu ukuthi ashelele. Le element mechanical ithole indlela yayo ekudlulisweni kwamamodeli amaningi weVolkswagen.

Umehluko nedivayisi yokuzikhiya yathuthukiswa ngunjiniyela waseMelika uV.Glizman. Lo mshini wadalwa ngo-1958. Ukusungulwa kwakunelungelo lobunikazi nguTorsen futhi usabizwa ngaleli gama. Yize le divayisi uqobo ekuqaleni yayisebenza kahle, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuguqulwa okuningana noma izizukulwane zalo mshini kuvele. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwabo, sizoxoxa kancane kamuva. Manje sizogxila esimisweni sokusebenza kokwehluka kwe-Thorsen.

Ukuthi isebenza kanjani

Esikhathini esiningi, indlela ye-Thorsen itholakala kulezo zimodeli zemoto lapho ukukhipha amandla kungenziwa khona hhayi kuphela ku-ekseli ehlukile, kodwa nasesondweni elihlukile. Imvamisa, ukwahluka kokuzikhiya nakho kufakwa kumamodeli wemoto edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili.

Umshini usebenza ngokulandela le nqubo elandelayo. Ukudluliswa kudlulisa ukujikeleza kusondo elithile noma i-ekseli ngomehluko. Kumamodeli ezimoto zakuqala, indlela yakwazi ukushintsha inani le-torque ngesilinganiso samaphesenti angama-50/50 (1/1). Izinguquko zanamuhla ziyakwazi ukusabalalisa kabusha amandla ajikelezayo aze afike kwisilinganiso esingu-7/1. Lokhu kuvumela umshayeli ukuthi akwazi ukulawula imoto noma ngabe isondo elilodwa kuphela elinokudonsa okuhle.

Lapho ijubane lamasondo e-skid ligxuma kakhulu, igiya lohlobo lomsundu liyakhiywa. Ngenxa yalokhu, amabutho aqondiswa ezingeni elithile esondweni elizinzile ngokwengeziwe. Isondo le-skid ezinhlobonhlobo zezimoto zakamuva licishe lilahlekelwe yi-torque, evimba imoto ukuthi ingashibilika noma uma imoto ibhajwe odakeni / eqhweni.

Umehluko wokuzikhiya ungafakwa hhayi kuphela ezimotweni zangaphandle. Imvamisa le ndlela ingatholakala kumamodeli wemoto yangemuva- nangaphambili namasondo. Kule nguqulo, imoto, empeleni, ayisiyona imoto yethrafikhi yonke, kepha uma kusetshenziswa amasondo akhulisiwe kancane kuyo, futhi imvume yomhlaba iphakeme (ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngale pharamitha, bheka kokunye ukubuyekeza), bese kuhlanganiswa nokwehluka kweTorsen, ukudluliswa kuzovumela imoto ukuthi ikwazi ukubhekana nezimo ezingekho mgwaqo ngokulingene.

1) Izimo ezifanayo ku-asi ngayinye: i-torque inikezwa ngokulingana kuzo zombili izingqimba ze-axle, amasondo ajikeleza ngejubane elifanayo;
2) I-asi engaphambili iqhele eqhweni: isilinganiso se-torque sangaphambili / sangemuva singafinyelela ku-1 / 3.5; amasondo angaphambili ajikeleza ngejubane eliphakeme;
3) Imoto ingena ekuphendukeni: ukusatshalaliswa kwe-torque kungafinyelela ku-3.5 / 1 (amasondo angaphambili / angemuva), amasondo angaphambili ajikeleza ngokushesha;
4) Amasondo angemuva aseqhweni: isilinganiso se-torque singafinyelela ku-3.5 / 1 (i-asi yangaphambili / engemuva), amasondo angemuva ajika ngokushesha.

Cabanga ngomsebenzi wokuhlukaniswa kwe-eksisi evundlile. Yonke inqubo ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana:

1. U-gearbox udlulisa i-torque egiyeni eliqhutshwa nge-main shaft shaft;
2. Igiya eliqhutshwa lithatha ukujikeleza. Okuthiwa umphathi noma inkomishi kulungiswe kuyo. Lezi zingxenye zizungeza ngegiya eliqhutshwa;
3. Njengoba inkomishi negiya lizungeza, ukujikeleza kudluliselwa kuma-satellite;
4. Imiphini ye-ekseli ngalinye lamasondo igxiliswe kumasathelayithi. Kanye nalezi zinto, isondo elihambisanayo nalo liyajika;
5. Lapho amandla ajikelezayo esetshenziswa ngokulinganayo kukwahluka, ama-satellites ngeke azungeze. Kulokhu, kuphela igiya eliqhutshwa lijikeleza. Iziphuphutheki zihlala zimile endebeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, amandla avela ku-gearbox asatshalaliswa ngesigamu kushaft ngayinye ye-ekseli;
6. Lapho imoto ingena ejikeni, isondo elingaphandle kwesikwele lenza izinguquko eziningi kunaleyo engaphakathi kukazungu. Ngalesi sizathu, ezimotweni ezinamasondo ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile ku-eksisi eyodwa, kukhona ukulahleka kokuxhumana nomgwaqo, ngoba ukumelana nobukhulu obuhlukile kwenziwa ohlangothini ngalunye. Lo mphumela ususwa ukuhamba kwama-satellite. Ngaphezu kokuthi zijikeleza ngenkomishi, lezi zinto ziqala ukuzungeza i-eksisi yazo. Into eyingqayizivele yedivayisi yalezi zinto ukuthi amazinyo azo enziwe ngendlela yezigaxa. Lapho iziphuphutheki zizungeza i-eksisi yazo, ijubane lokuzungezisa isondo elilodwa liyakhula elinye liyancipha. Ngokuya ngokwehluka kwenani lokumelana namasondo, ukwabiwa kabusha kwe-torque kwezinye izimoto kungafinyelela isilinganiso samaphesenti ayi-100/0 (okungukuthi, amandla ajikelezayo adluliselwa esondweni elilodwa kuphela, kanti elesibili limane lizungeza ngokukhululekile) ;
7. Umehluko ojwayelekile wenzelwe ukwamukela umehluko ngejubane lokujikeleza phakathi kwamasondo amabili. Kodwa lesi sici sibuye sibe sengozini yomshini. Isibonelo, lapho imoto ingena odakeni, umshayeli uzama ukuphuma esigabeni esinzima somgwaqo ngokwandisa ijubane lokujikeleza kwamasondo. Kodwa ngenxa yokusebenza kokwehlukaniswa, i-torque ilandela indlela yokuphikiswa okungatheni. Ngalesi sizathu, isondo lihlala linganyakazi engxenyeni ezinzile yomgwaqo, futhi isondo elilengisiwe ligijima ngejubane eliphezulu. Ukuqeda lo mphumela, udinga nje ukukhiya umehluko (le nqubo ichazwe ngokuningiliziwe kokunye ukubuyekeza). Ngaphandle kwemishini yokukhiya, imoto ivame ukuma lapho okungenani isondo elilodwa liqala ukushelela.

Ake sibhekisise ukuthi umehluko weTorsen usebenza kanjani ngezindlela ezintathu zokushayela ezihlukile.

Ngokunyakaza okuqondile

Njengoba sesibonile ngenhla, lapho imoto ihamba esigabeni esiqondile somgwaqo, ingxenye ye-torque iyamukelwa kushaft ngayinye ye-drive axle. Ngalesi sizathu, amasondo edrayivu ajikeleza ngejubane elifanayo. Kule modi, lo mshini ufana nokuhlangana okuqinile kwamasondo amabili okushayela.

Iziphuphutheki ziphumule - zimane zishintshana nenkomishi yomshini. Ngaphandle kohlobo lokwehluka (ukukhiya noma mahhala), ezimweni ezinjalo zokushayela, indlela yokusebenza izosebenza ngokufana, ngoba womabili amasondo asendaweni efanayo futhi abhekene nokumelana okufanayo.

Lapho ujika

Isondo lesikwele sangaphakathi lenza ukunyakaza okumbalwa ngesikhathi sokugoba kunaleli elingaphandle kwebhande. Kulokhu, umsebenzi wokwehlukaniswa uboniswa. Le yimodi ejwayelekile lapho izindlela zenziwa ukukhokhela umehluko wezinguquko zamasondo okushayela.

Lapho imoto izithola ikulezo zimo (futhi lokhu kwenzeka kaningi, ngoba lolu hlobo lokuhamba aluhambi ngomkhondo obekwe kuqala, njengesitimela), iziphuphutheki ziqala ukuziphendulela i-eksisi yazo. Kulokhu, ukuxhumana nomzimba womshini namagiya e-shafts shafts akulahlekile.

Njengoba amasondo engalahlekelwa ukudonsa (ukungqubuzana kwenzeka phakathi kwamathayi nomgwaqo ngokulinganayo), i-torque iyaqhubeka nokugelezela kuleyo divayisi ngesilinganiso esifanayo samaphesenti angama-50 kuye kwangama-50. Lo mklamo ukhethekile ngokuthi ngejubane elihlukile lokujikeleza kwamasondo, isondo, elizungeza ngokushesha, lidinga amandla athe xaxa uma liqhathaniswa nelwesibili, elisebenza ngejubane eliphansi.

Ngenxa yalokhu kulinganiswa komsebenzi wedivayisi, ukumelana okusetshenziswa esondweni lokuphotha kuyasuswa. Kumamodeli anokuhlanganiswa okuqinile kwama-ekseli okushayela, lo mphumela awunakususwa.

Lapho ushelela

Izinga lokwehlukaniswa kwamahhala liyancipha lapho elinye lamasondo emoto liqala ukushibilika. Lokhu kwenzeka, ngokwesibonelo, lapho imoto ishayisa umgwaqo onodaka onodaka noma ingxenye yomgwaqo obandayo kancane. Njengoba umgwaqo uyeka ukumelana nokushintshana kwe-eksisi elizungezile, amandla ayiswa esondweni lamahhala. Ngokwemvelo, ukudonsa esimweni esinjalo nakho kuyanyamalala (isondo elilodwa, elisendaweni ephakeme, lihlala limile).

Uma kufakwa umehluko wamahhala wesimethrikhi emshinini, amaNewtons / amamitha kuleli cala asatshalaliswa ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo kuphela. Ngakho-ke, uma i-traction inyamalala esondweni elilodwa (ukujikeleza kwayo kwamahhala kuqala), okwesibili kuyalahleka ngokuzenzakalela. Amasondo ayayeka ukubambelela emgwaqeni futhi imoto ihamba kancane. Uma kwenzeka imiswa eqhweni noma odakeni, imoto ngeke ikwazi ukusuka endaweni yayo, ngoba amasondo avele angene lapho isuka (kuye ngesimo somgwaqo).

Lokhu-ke kunenkinga enkulu yokwehlukaniswa kwamahhala. Lapho i-traction ilahlekile, wonke amandla enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi iya esondweni elimisiwe, futhi ivele iphenduke ize. Umshini we-Thorsen uqeda lo mphumela ngokukhiya lapho i-traction ilahlekile esondweni elinokudonsa okuzinzile.

Idivayisi nezinto eziyinhloko

Idizayini yokuguqulwa kweTorsen iqukethe:

• Amagobolondo noma izinkomishi... Le nto ithola amaNewtons / amamitha kusuka kushaft yokugcina yedrayivu (igiya eliqhutshwa lifakwe enkomishini). Kukhona ama-ekseli amabili ama-semi emzimbeni, lapho ama-satellite axhumene khona;
• Amagiya ama-semi-axial (abizwa nangokuthi i-sun gear)... Ngamunye wabo wenzelwe i-ekseli le-semi-ekseli lesondo lawo, futhi udlulisa ukujikeleza ngamaphini akubo nakuma-ekseli / ama-eksisi ama-semi-eksisi;
• Iziphuphutheki ezingakwesokudla nangakwesobunxele... Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zixhunywe kuma-semi-axial gear, ngakolunye uhlangothi, emzimbeni womshini. Umkhiqizi uthathe isinqumo sokubeka iziphuphutheki ezi-4 kuma-Thorsen umehluko;
• Imiphini yokukhipha.

Ukwahluka kwe-Thorsen okuzikhiyayo kuyindlela esezingeni eliphakeme kunawo wonke enikezela ukwabiwa kabusha kwe-torque phakathi kwe-axle shafts, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kuvimbela ukujikeleza okungenamsebenzi kwesondo elimisiwe. Ukuguqulwa okunjalo kusetshenziswa kuQuattro wonke amasondo avela ku-Audi, kanye nakumamodeli avela kubenzi bezimoto abaziwayo.

Izinhlobo zokhiye ozikhiyelayo uThorsen

Abaqambi abathuthukisa ukuguqulwa kokuhlukahluka kwe-Thorsen benze izinhlobo ezintathu zalezi zinqubo. Zihlukile komunye nomunye ekwakhekeni kwazo, futhi zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezithile zezimoto.

Onke amamodeli wedivayisi amakwe nge-T kuye ngohlobo, umehluko uzoba nokuhlelwa kwawo nokuma kwezingxenye eziphezulu. Lokhu-ke kuthinta nokusebenza kahle kwalo mshini. Uma zibekwe emhlanganweni ongafanele, izingxenye zizohluleka ngokushesha. Ngalesi sizathu, iyunithi noma uhlelo ngalunye luthembele kukwehluka kwalo.

Nakhu uhlobo ngalunye lokwehluka kweTorsen olwenzelwe:

• I-Txnumx... Isetshenziswa njengomehluko we-axle enqamulelayo, kepha ingafakwa ukusabalalisa kabusha umzuzu phakathi kwama-asi. Inezinga elincane lokuvimba futhi lisetha ngemuva kokuguqulwa okulandelayo;
• I-Txnumx... Kufakwe phakathi kwamasondo edrayivu, kanye nasendabeni yokudlulisa uma imoto ifakwe idrayivu enamasondo amane. Uma kuqhathaniswa nenguqulo yangaphambilini, ukuvinjelwa komshini kwenzeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lolu hlobo lwedivayisi luvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kumamodeli ezimoto zomphakathi. Kukhona nokuguqulwa kwe-T2R kulesi sigaba. Izingxenye zalo mshini ziyakwazi ukumelana ne-torque eningi kakhulu. Ngalesi sizathu, ifakwa kuphela ezimotweni ezinamandla.
• I-Txnumx... Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinguqulo ezedlule, lolu hlobo lwedivayisi lunosayizi omncane. Isici sokuklama sikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe isilinganiso sokususa amandla phakathi kwama-node. Ngalesi sizathu, lo mkhiqizo ufakwa kuphela ecaleni lokudlulisa phakathi kwama-asi. Ku-wheel drive yonke efakwe umehluko we-Torsen, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-torque eceleni kwama-ekseli kuzohluka kuye ngezimo zomgwaqo.

Uhlobo ngalunye lomshini lubizwa nangokuthi isizukulwane. Cabanga ngezici zokwakheka kwazo.

Izizukulwane Zokwehluka kukaTorsen

Isimiso sokusebenza nedivayisi yesizukulwane sokuqala (T1) kuxoxwe ngaso phambilini. Ekuklanyeni, amagiya ezikelemu amelwe ngamasathelayithi kanye namagiya axhunywe emiphini ye-ekseli yokushayela. Amasathalayithi anezikhala ezinamagiya asebenzisa amazinyo asesinqeni, futhi i-eksisi yawo iqondane ngqo ne-axle shaft ngayinye. Iziphuphutheki zibambene ngamazinyo aqondile.

Le ndlela ivumela amasondo wedrayivu ukuthi azungeze ngejubane lawo, aqeda ukuhudula lapho ubheke khona. Okwamanje lapho elinye lamasondo liqala ukushibilika, iphela lesibungu liyahlanganiswa, futhi lo mshini uzama ukudlulisa i-torque eyengeziwe kwelinye isondo. Lokhu kuguqulwa kunamandla kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni ezikhethekile. Iyakwazi ukudlulisa inani eliphakeme le-torque futhi inezinga eliphakeme lamandla okuxabana.

Isizukulwane sesibili sokwehluka kwe-Thorsen (T2) sihlukile ekuguqulweni kwangaphambilini ekuhlelweni kwama-satellite. I-axis yabo ayitholakali ngokungafani, kodwa eceleni kwama-semiaxes. Amanothi akhethekile (amaphakethe) enziwa emzimbeni womshini. Banama-satellite afakiwe. Lapho lo mshini uvuliwe, iziphuphutheki ezibhangqiwe ziyaqalwa, ezinamazinyo atshekile. Lokhu kuguqulwa kunesibonakaliso samandla aphansi wokungqubuzana, futhi ukuvimba komshini kwenzeka ngaphambili. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lesi sizukulwane sinenguqulo enamandla kakhulu, esetshenziswa ezimotweni ezinenjini ephezulu yokusebenza.

Ngokwesakhiwo, lokhu kuguqulwa kwehlukile kwe-analog ejwayelekile kuhlobo lokuzibandakanya. Umklamo wedizayini unesihlanganisi esihlukanisiwe, ngaphandle kwawo kukhona amazinyo asesinqeni. Le clutch isebenzisa igiya lelanga. Ngokuya ngezimo zomgwaqo, lesi sakhiwo sine-index eguquguqukayo yamandla wokushayisana phakathi kwezinto ezibandakanyayo.

Ngokuqondene nesizukulwane sesithathu (i-T3), le ndlela inesakhiwo seplanethi. Igiya lokushayela lifakwe ngokuhambisana neziphuphutheki (zinamazinyo asezingeni eliphansi). Amagiya angama-semi-axle anokuhleleka kwamazinyo.

Kumamodeli abo, umkhiqizi ngamunye usebenzisa lezi zizukulwane zezindlela ngendlela yakhe. Okokuqala, kuya ngokuthi imoto kufanele ibe naziphi izici, isibonelo, noma ngabe idinga i-plug-in all-wheel drive noma ukusatshalaliswa kwe-torque ngokwehlukana kwesondo ngalinye. Ngalesi sizathu, ngaphambi kokuthenga imoto, kuyadingeka ukucacisa ukuthi yikuphi ukuguqulwa kokwehlukaniswa okusetshenziswa i-automaker kuleli cala, nokuthi kungasetshenziswa kanjani.

Ukhiye okwehlukile Thorsen

Imvamisa imishini yokuzikhiya isebenza njengomehluko ojwayelekile - iqeda umehluko ku-rpm yamasondo aqhutshwa. Idivayisi ivinjwe kuphela ezimeni eziphuthumayo. Isibonelo sezimo ezinjalo ukwehla kwesinye sazo endaweni engazinzile (iqhwa noma udaka). Okufanayo kusebenza ekuvinjeni indlela yokuxhuma. Lesi sici sivumela umshayeli ukuthi aphume ezigabeni zomgwaqo ezinzima ngaphandle kosizo.

Lapho ukuvimba kwenzeka, i-torque eyeqile (isondo elimisiwe lizungeza ngokungenamsebenzi) isatshalaliswa kabusha esondweni ngokubamba okungcono kakhulu (le parameter inqunywa ukumelana nokuzungeza kwaleli sondo). Inqubo efanayo yenzeka ngokuvinjelwa kwe-axle. I-asi elengisiwe ithola ama-Newtons / amamitha amancane, bese kuthi leyo ebambe kahle kakhulu iqale ukusebenza.

Ukwahlukahluka kukaThorsen kuziphi izimoto

Ukuguqulwa okucatshangelwe kwezindlela zokuzikhiya kusetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ngabakhiqizi bezimoto abadume umhlaba wonke. Lolu hlu lubandakanya:

• I-Honda;
• IToyota
• I-Subaru
• I-Audi;
• Alfa Romeo;
• I-General Motors (cishe kuwo wonke amamodeli we-Hummer).

Futhi lolu akulona lonke uhlu. Ngokuvamile, wonke-wheel drive imoto ifakwe umehluko self-uvala. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole umthengisi ngokutholakala kwayo, ngoba ukudluliswa okuhambisa i-torque kuwo womabili ama-ekseli akuhlali kuhlonyelwe le ndlela ngokuzenzakalela. Isibonelo, esikhundleni sale divayisi, ukufakwa kwamapuleti amaningi noma i-viscous clutch kungafakwa.

Futhi, le ndlela kungenzeka ifakwe emotweni enezici zemidlalo, noma ngabe iyimodeli edonsa ngamasondo ngaphambili noma ngemuva. Imoto ejwayelekile yesondo elihamba phambili ayinakho okhiye wokwehlukanisa, ngoba imoto enjalo izodinga amakhono athile okushayela kwezemidlalo.

Izinzuzo nokungalungi

Ngakho-ke, umehluko wohlobo lweThorsen wenzelwe ukusiza umshayeli ukunqoba izigaba zomgwaqo ezinzima ngaphandle kosizo lomuntu. Ngaphezu kwale nzuzo, idivayisi inezinzuzo eziningi:

• Ihlala isebenza ngokunemba okuphezulu esimweni esiphuthumayo;
• Inikeza ukusebenza ngokushelela kokudluliswa ezindaweni ezingazinzile zomgwaqo;
• Enkambeni yokusebenza, ayikhiphi umsindo ongaphandle, ngenxa yalokho intuthuzelo ohambweni ebizohlupheka ngayo (inqobo nje uma indlela ihlelekile)
• Idizayini yedivayisi ikhulula ngokuphelele umshayeli esidingweni sokulawula inqubo yokwabiwa kabusha kwe-torque phakathi kwama-asi noma amasondo ngamanye. Noma kunezindlela zokudlulisela eziningana ohlelweni lokugibela lwemoto, ukuvimba uqobo kwenzeka ngokuzenzakalela;
• Inqubo yokwabiwa kabusha kwe-torque ayithinti ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lwe-braking;
• Uma umshayeli esebenzisa imoto ngokuya ngezincomo zomkhiqizi, indlela yokusebenza ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Okuhlukile kunesidingo sokuqapha izinga lokuthambisa ekhredikini yokudlulisa, kanye nesidingo sokushintsha uwoyela (isikhawu sokushintsha sikhonjiswa ngumenzi wezimoto);
• Uma ifakwe emotweni ene-wheel drive ngaphambili, lo mshini wenza kube lula ukuqala imoto (into esemqoka ukuvikela ukuwohloka kwamasondo okushayela), futhi futhi kwenza ukusabela ezenzweni zomshayeli kuphenduke kucace.

Ngaphandle kokuthi lo mshini unezici eziningi ezinhle, awunazo izingqinamba zawo. Phakathi kwazo:

• Intengo ephezulu yedivayisi. Isizathu salokhu yinkimbinkimbi yokukhiqizwa nokuhlanganiswa kwesakhiwo;
• Ngenxa yokuthi ukuthunyelwa kuvela iyunithi eyengeziwe, lapho kwakhiwa khona ukumelana okuncane (ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamagiya), umshini onemishini efanayo uzodinga uphethiloli owengeziwe. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, imoto izoba namandla kakhulu uma uyiqhathanisa ne-analogue, ene-asi eyodwa kuphela yokushayela;
• Ukusebenza kahle okuphansi;
• Kukhona amathuba amakhulu wezingxenye zezingxenye, ngoba kunenqwaba yezingxenye zamagiya kudivayisi yayo (lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yekhwalithi yomkhiqizo omubi noma ngenxa yokulungiswa okungakafiki isikhathi);
• Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, lo mshini ushisa kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ukudluliswa okukhethekile kusetshenziselwa ukuhambisa, okungadali phansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu;
• Izingxenye ezilayishiwe zingaphansi kokugqokwa okunzima (kuncike kumvamisa we-actuation yokukhiya kanye nesitayela sokushayela esisetshenziswa ngumshayeli ngenkathi kunqotshwa umgwaqo ongekho emgwaqeni);
• Ukuqhuba imoto kwelinye lamasondo, elihlukile kwamanye, akufisi, ngoba lo mehluko ulayisha imishini, okuholela ekusheshisweni kokugqoka kwezinye izingxenye zayo.

Ukuphuculwa kwemoto edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile (umehluko wamahhala ushintshwe nge-self block). Yize imoto ishesha ukushesha lapho ivinjelwe, ngesikhathi sokusheshisa okukhulu, imoto iyazwela ebusweni bomgwaqo. Okwamanje, imoto iba "novalo", idonswa endaweni evulekile, futhi umshayeli udinga ukugxilisa ingqondo nokuqondisa okusebenzayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini yasefektri, lokhu kuguqulwa akukukhululekile kuhambo olude.

Uma kukhulunywa ngezimo eziphuthumayo, imoto enjalo ayilaleli kangako futhi ayibikezeli njengohlobo lwefektri. Labo abathathe isinqumo ngale ndlela yesimanje bafunde kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo ukuthi lezi zinguquko zivumela ukusetshenziswa kwamakhono okushayela ezemidlalo. Kodwa uma bengekho lapho, khona-ke akufanele ubeke imoto ekuthuthukisweni okunjalo. Umphumela wazo uzoba wusizo kuphela kwimodi yezemidlalo noma emigwaqweni enodaka yezwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshayeli wemoto, ngaphezu kokufaka indlela yokuzikhiya, kufanele alungise kahle eminye imingcele yemoto ukuze ezwe ubukhali bokushayela. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imoto izoziphatha njengeSUV, engadingeki ezimweni lapho lokhu kuthutha kusetshenziswa khona kakhulu.

Ekupheleni kokubuyekezwa, sinikela ngevidiyo eyengeziwe mayelana nomsebenzi wokwehlukaniswa okuzimele kweThorsen nomlando wokudalwa kwayo:

Lonke iqiniso ngokuhlukahluka kwe-TORSEN !! Futhi nomlando wabo !! ("Ukudideka Okuzenzakalelayo", 4 uchungechunge)

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ngabe umehluko we-Torsen usebenza kanjani? Umshini uzwa isikhathi lapho elinye lamasondo lilahlekelwa ukudonsa, ngenxa yomehluko we-torque, amagiya ahlukene ayahlanganyela, futhi isondo elilodwa liba yilo eliyinhloko.

Umehluko we-Torsen uhluke kanjani kokujwayelekile? Umehluko ojwayelekile uhlinzeka ngokusabalalisa okulinganayo kokudonsa kuwo womabili amasondo. Uma isondo elilodwa lishibilika, ukudonsa kuyanyamalala kwesibili. I-Thorsen, lapho ishelela, iqondisa kabusha i-torque ku-axle shaft elayishiwe.

Isetshenziswa kuphi iTorsen? Umehluko wokuzikhiya we-cross-axle, kanye nendlela ye-inter-axle exhuma i-ekseli yesibili. Lo mehluko usetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni ezidonsa ngawo wonke amasondo.