Yini i-axle yangemuva nokuthi isebenza kanjani

I-axle yangemuva ivame ukubizwa nge-beam noma i-subframe, noma i-gearbox yokudlulisela. Kuyini, ukuthi kubukeka kanjani, nokuthi kusebenza kanjani - qhubeka ufunda.

 Yini i-asi engemuva

I-axle yangemuva imoto ehlanganisa amasondo amabili kwi-ekseli eyodwa, amasondo ane-suspension kanye ne-suspension enomzimba. Uma idonsa ngamasondo angemuva, ugearbox oyi-transmission ubizwa ngebhuloho. 

Imisebenzi ye-asi engemuva

Iyunithi isebenza ukwenza imisebenzi eminingana:

• ukudluliswa kwe-torque. I-axle engemuva yangemuva inyusa i-torque ngokushayela kancane. Futhi, ibhuloho lingashintsha ukushintshashintsha kwendiza yamasondo okushayela, livumele amasondo ukuthi ajike acishe emzimbeni lapho i-crankshaft ijikeleza eceleni kwe-eksisi yemoto;
• ukuzungeza kwamasondo okushayela ngesivinini esingafani se-angular. Lo mphumela utholakala ngokusetshenziswa kokwehlukanisa (iziphuphutheki ezisizayo), okuhambisa kabusha i-torque kuya ngomthwalo osesondweni. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukushintshana ngokuphepha, ikakhulukazi ngejubane eliphezulu, futhi ukuba khona kwesikhiye sokwehlukanisa kukuvumela ukuthi unqobe izigaba ezinzima lapho isondo elilodwa lishibilika;
• ukusekelwa kwamasondo nomzimba. Isibonelo, izimoto i-VAZ 2101-2123, i-GAZ "iVolga" ine-axle yangemuva evaliwe, ezindlini (esitokisini) okukhona kuzo u-gearbox we-axle ne-axle shaft, kanye nezigubhu zamabhuleki. Kulokhu, ukumiswa kuncike.

Ezimotweni zesimanjemanje, i-ekseli elijwayelekile linikeza amandla aphezulu okuwela izwe ngenxa yohambo olude lokumiswa, ukuqina kwe-torsional, kanye nokuhamba ngokushelelayo, ngokwesibonelo, njengeToyota Land Cruiser 200 SUV.

Idivayisi nokuklanywa kwe-ekseli langemuva emotweni

Izici ze-axle yakamuva engemuva:

• i-crankcase (stocking), imvamisa iyisiqeshana esisodwa, nesembozo phakathi ukuze ufinyelele ngemuva komehluko. Ezimotweni ze-UAZ, umzimba uqukethe izingxenye ezimbili;
• amagiya aholayo aqhutshwa ngababili abakhulu;
• izindlu ezihlukile (i-axle minimer iqoqwe kuyo);
• amagiya amaphakathi (ama-satellite);
• iqoqo lama-bearings (i-drive gear nokuhlukahluka) nge-washer ye-spacer;
• iqoqo lokulungisa nokuvala uphawu lwama-gaskets.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-axle engemuva. Lapho imoto ihamba umugqa oqondile, i-torque idluliswa nge-propeller shaft iye egiyeni lokushayela le-reducer. Amagiya aqhunyiswayo ajikeleza ngenxa yegiya lokushayela, kanti ama-satellites ajikeleza ngokulinganayo esuka kulo (kepha hhayi azungeze i-axis yawo), esabalalisa umzuzu kuwo amasondo 50:50. 

Lapho uvula imoto ye-axle shaft eyodwa, kuyadingeka ukuthi ujikeleze ngejubane eliphansi, ngenxa yokujikeleza kwama-satellite azungeze i-eksisi yayo, kancane, i-torque inikezwa esondweni elalilayishiwe. Ngakho-ke, kuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokungabikho kwamaroli lapho kutholakala khona amakhona, ukukhishwa kwethala nokugqokwa okuncane kwenjoloba.

Ukwehlukahluka kuhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo eziningana, ngasinye senza umsebenzi ofanayo, kepha sikwenza ngezindlela ezihlukile. Kukhona ama-disc, isikulufa, umehluko wesiliphu onqunyelwe, ngokuvimba okuqinile. Konke lokhu kuqinisekisa ikhono eliphakeme lokuwela izwe, ngakho-ke, lisetshenziswa kuma-crossovers nakuma-SUV. 

Ungayigcina kanjani i-axle engemuva. Ukulungiswa kwe-Axle kudinga ushintsho lwamafutha egiya ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwegiya le-hypoid, uwoyela osebhokisini lamagiya kufanele uhambisane nokuhlukaniswa kwe-GL-5. Kanye njalo emva kwezinkulungwane ezingama-200-250, kuzodingeka ukuthi kulungiswe isichibi sokuxhumana phakathi kwamagiya aqhutshwa nokushayela, kanye namabhere. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwamabhele, ama-satellites ne-spacer washer, kuzohlala okungenani ama-300 km. 

Izinhlobo ezingemuva ze-axle Assembly

Namuhla kunezinhlobo ezintathu zomhlangano ongasemuva we-axle, ohlukile ngohlobo lokusekelwa kwesondo kanye nomshini we-axle:

• imiphini ye-eksisi elinganiselayo;
• imiphini ye-eksisi elayishwe ngokuphelele;
• ukumiswa okuzimele.

Oluvala amasondo nge semi-olinganiselayo oluvala amasondo shafts, ibavikela ngezibopho ezimise okwe-C kukhakhasethi. I-axle shaft ilungiswe nge-spline ebhokisini lokuhlukanisa, futhi isekelwa i-roller bearing evela ohlangothini lwesondo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwebhuloho, kufakwa uphawu lukawoyela phambi kwendawo yokuthwala.

Oluvala amasondo engemuva nge olinganiselayo oluvala amasondo shafts ihluke ngokuthi idlulisa i-torque esondweni, kepha ayemukeli imithwalo ye-lateral ngesimo semoto. Izimbambo ezinjalo ze-axle zivame ukusetshenziselwa amaloli namaSUV, anomthamo ophakeme kakhulu, kepha anokungathandeki kwesisindo esikhudlwana nesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi.

Oluvala amasondo engemuva ukumiswa ezimele - lapha i-axle shaft ine-hinge yangaphandle nengaphakathi ye-angular velocities elinganayo, kuyilapho indima yokumisa umzimba yenziwa iyunithi yokumisa ezimele, ehlanganisa okungenani ama-levers angu-3 ohlangothini olulodwa. Ama-axle anjalo anezinduku zokulungisa i-camber nezinzwane, anohlu olubanzi lokuhamba okumisiwe, kanye nokulungisa kalula kwebhokisi le-axle elingemuva ngenxa yokuklanywa okulula kokunamathiselwe kwayo ku-subframe.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ayini amabhuloho ngemoto? Kukhona okuqhubekayo (okusetshenziswa ezimotweni ezine-suspension), ukuhlukaniswa (amasondo afakwe ku-suspension ozimele) kanye ne-portal (esetshenziswa ezimotweni ezine-multi-link suspension ne-ground clearance ekhulayo) ibhuloho.

Amabhuloho ezimoto asetshenziselwa ini? Le yunithi ixhuma amasondo okushayela futhi iwavikele ekumisweni. Ithola futhi idlulisele i-torque emasondweni.

Ithini i-asi yangemuva? Isetshenziswa ezimotweni ezidonsa ngemuva nangamasondo amane. Ixhuma amasondo e-axle. Ihlinzeka ngokudluliswa kwe-torque emasondweni kusetshenziswa i-propeller shaft (ivela endaweni yokudlulisa) kanye nokuhluka (ivumela amasondo ukuthi ajikeleze ngokuzimela ngokushintshana).