Okuzenzakalelayo noma umakhenikha: yikuphi okungcono

Lapho ukhetha imoto entsha, uhlobo lwe-gearbox olufakwe kuyo ludlala indima ebalulekile. Kuze kube manje, konke ukuthunyelwa okusetshenzisiwe kungahlukaniswa kube ukuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo nokwenziwa ngesandla. Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinhlobo zama-gearbox, yiziphi izici zawo ezinhle nezimbi? Yikuphi kulokhu kuthunyelwa okuzogcina sekungcono? Ake sihlaziye lezi zinkinga ku-athikili.

Imishini: ukuthembeka kanye nomnotho

Ukudluliswa okwenziwa ngesandla kungenye yezinhlobo zokudlulisa ezindala kakhulu. Lapha, umshayeli ubandakanyeka ngqo ekukhetheni igiya. Ukushintshwa kwegiya kwenziwa ngumshayeli esebenzisa indlela yokukhetha igiya nama-synchronizers, ngakho-ke ukudluliswa kubizwa ngo-gearbox oshintshwayo.

Ukushayela kuvamise ukuqala ngegiya lokuqala, bese kuthi amagiya alandelayo akhethwe ngokuya ngejubane lamanje, i-rpm yenjini nesimo somgwaqo. Ukushintshwa kwegiya kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwenjini no-gearbox usebenzisa i-clutch.

I-torque ekudlulisweni kwamanyuwali iyashintsha igudluke, futhi ngokufanele ukudluliswa uqobo kubhekwa njenge- “stepwise”. Kuya ngesibalo samagiya, u-gearbox angama-4-speed, 5-speed, 6-speed nangaphezulu. Okuthandwa kakhulu bekuyi-5-speed manual transmission.

Ngokuya ngenani lemiphini, kunama-shaft amabili kanye nama-shaft amathathu ama-gearbox womshini. Esokuqala sifakwe ngaphambili-wheel drive nezimoto zabagibeli ezinenjini zangemuva ezinamalungiselelo enjini eguqukayo, eyokugcina - edonsa ngamasondo angemuva namaloli anenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi yomude.

Umshini okuzenzakalelayo: induduzo kanye lula

Ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo, umsebenzi we-clutch unikezwe isiguquli se-torque, futhi i-unit control elekthronikhi nama-actuator babhekene nokushintshwa kwamagiya: imikhuhlane yokushayisana, i-band brake, njll.

Umshayeli ukhetha imodi yokusebenza yokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo nesiqondiso sokuhamba esebenzisa isikhethi segiya esifakwe egumbini lomgibeli. Lapho ufaka umshini ezimotweni ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, ukwakheka kuka-gearbox kuhambisana negiya elikhulu nokwehluka.

Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kwanamuhla kuyashintsha, okusho ukuthi, uhlelo lwabo lwe-elekthronikhi lufakwe "inkumbulo" yesitayela sokushayela somshayeli. Ngaphansi kwehora, okuzenzakalelayo kuzozivumelanisa nesitayela sakho sokushayela.

Kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo zokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo: ukudluliswa kwe-hydromechanical (i-othomathikhi ejwayelekile), ukudluliswa okwenziwa ngezandla ezimbili, ukudluliswa kwamarobhothi nokuhlukahluka okuqhubekayo okuguqukayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo ngaso sonke isikhathi kusho u-gearbox weplanethi we-hydromechanical classic.

Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo noma ukudluliswa okwenziwa ngesandla

Masenze isici sokuqhathanisa sezinhlobo ezimbili zokudluliselwa ngokuya ngobuhle nobubi bazo. Sizothatha le mibandela elandelayo njengesisekelo: intengo, ukugcinwa nokulungiswa, ukusebenza kahle nokusheshisa, ukwethembeka, impilo yokusebenza, izimo zokushayela ebusika, ukunethezeka, ukunamathela kanye nempilo yenjini nokuziphatha kwezimoto emgwaqeni.

Inani lombuzo

Ngamanani, ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo kubiza kakhulu kune-mechanics. Futhi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli emshinini kuzoba ngaphezulu kuka-10-15% kunakwimishini. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kusebenza ekushayeleni kwedolobha, ngaphandle kwedolobha umehluko ekusebenziseni uphethiloli uzoba mncane.

Ukusebenza nokulungiswa

Ukulungiswa nokulungiswa kwemoto ene-automatic transmission kuzobiza kakhulu. Umshini ozishintshayo udinga uwoyela omningi kunomakhenikha, futhi ubiza kakhulu. Isihlungi sikawoyela sidinga nokushintshwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, ukudluliswa ngesandla kulula ukukugcina futhi akudingi izinto zokubiza ezibizayo nezingxenye zokungcebeleka.

Ukusebenza kahle nokushesha

Amandla okusheshisa wokudlulisa okwenziwa ngesandla angcono kunalawo wokuzenzekelayo, futhi ukusebenza kahle kwemishini kuphakeme. Ukudluliswa okwenziwa ngezandla kwenza ukwazi ukubona wonke amandla enjini netorque yayo. Okuhlukile ukuhanjiswa kwerobhothi okunamaqhuqhuva amabili.

Ukuthembeka

Ukuba lula kwensiza ngokuqhathanisa nomshini wokuzenzekelayo kuvumela umakhenikha ukuthi afune isihloko sokudlulisela okuthembekile. Ukudonsa ibanga elide nge-hitch eguquguqukayo noma eqinile kungenzeka kuphela ezimotweni ezinokudluliselwa ngesandla. Kunconywa ukuhambisa imoto ngomshini ozenzakalelayo kuphela ngeloli lokudonsa. Ukusebenza kwemoto enamakhenikha, lapho ushayela ezimweni ezibandayo, odakeni nasezimo ezingekho emgwaqeni, kuzoba ngcono uma kuqhathaniswa nesibhamu somshini.

Impilo yesevisi

Futhi lo mgomo ukhuluma ngokuvumelana nemishini, impilo yenkonzo yayo ephakeme. Amanye amabhokisi emishini angasebenza noma ngemuva kokwehluleka kwenjini yemoto "yendabuko". Yini engeke ishiwo ngokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, okuzohlala kuze kube kulungiswa.

Ukushayela ebusika

Kulula ukushayela imoto enomakhenikha ezindaweni ezishelelayo bese ushibilika eqhweni. Kumshini, lezi zenzo azithandeki - uwoyela wokudlulisa ungashisa ngokweqile.

Ngakho-ke, ezintweni eziyisithupha ezicatshangelwayo (intengo, ukugcinwa nokulungiswa, ukusebenza kahle nokusheshisa, ukwethembeka, impilo yensizakalo, izimo zokushayela ebusika), ukuhanjiswa kokudlulisa ngesandla kuyawina. Ake sibone ukuthi umshini uphendula kanjani.

Induduzo

Umshini ozenzakalelayo unezinga eliphakeme lokunethezeka komshayeli kunomakhenikha. Ngisho nomshayeli ongenalwazi uzokwazi ukuhamba ngokuthula nangaphandle kwamajezi, ngaphandle kokwenza isimo esiphuthumayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, omakhenikha badinga ukugxila nokunakekelwa okwengeziwe kumshayeli. Izinguquko eziguqukayo zamagiya kanye nesidingo sokucindezela njalo i-clutch pedal, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zedolobha, kukhathala umshayeli.

Injini ne-clutch resource

Mayelana nalokhu, umshini ozenzakalelayo uphinde unqobe: ulawula ijubane futhi akavumeli injini ishise ngokweqile. Kuma-mechanics, uma amagiya ehanjiswe ngokungafanele, imoto ingalayishwa ngokweqile. Abaqalayo bangakhohlwa futhi bangashintshi igiya ukusuka kokuphansi kuye phezulu ngesikhathi, bephoqa injini ukuthi igijime kuma-revs andile.

Okufanayo kuya ku-clutch. Emotweni efakwe nge-othomathikhi, asikho isidingo sokukhipha i-clutch njalo.

Ukuziphatha kwezimoto emgwaqeni

Imoto eno-gearbox ozishintshayo ihamba ngaphandle kwezihibe, ngaphandle kokudlikiza, ayiziqengqeleki egqumeni. Umshini ozishintshayo unemodi "yokupaka", lapho injini inqanyuliwe khona ekudlulisweni, futhi umphini webhokisi ophumayo uvinjelwe ngomshini. Le modi ivumela umshini ukuthi ubanjwe ngokuphepha endaweni.

Hhayi, amathathu alwa nesithupha! Ingabe imishini ingcono kunesibhamu somshini? Kungenzeka. Kepha abathuthukisi abami bodwa futhi beza nezinhlobo ezintsha nezithuthukisiwe zokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo. Uma sithatha, isibonelo, ukusheshisa imoto njengemigomo, khona-ke imishini iyashesha ngokushesha kunomshini we-othomathikhi ojwayelekile, futhi ibhokisi le-variator ngokusebenza kahle alikho ngaphansi kokudluliswa ngesandla, futhi kwesinye isikhathi lize lidlule.

isiphetho

Yiliphi u-gearbox okufanele ulikhethe? Akukho ukuvumelana ngalo mbuzo. Konke kuncike ekutheni yini ebaluleke kakhulu kumshayeli, nokuthi uzosebenzisa imoto ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo. Uma uhlela kakhulu ukushayela uzungeze idolobha elinesiminyaminya esiningi, isixazululo esingcono kakhulu kungaba umshini ozenzakalelayo. Uma ushayela ngaphandle kwedolobha, zombili izindawo zokuhlola zivumelekile. Futhi ukusebenza komshini ezimweni ezinzima zomgwaqo kubeka ngokusobala ukukhetha okuvumela omakhenikha.

Namuhla, okusebenza kakhulu ukudluliselwa okwenziwa ngesandla. Kepha umshini awusaleli emuva, uphelela ngokwengeziwe futhi uthembeke ngokwengeziwe unyaka nonyaka. Uma ukunethezeka nokufunda okusheshayo ukushayela kuqala, khetha umshini ozenzakalelayo. Uma ufuna ukuzwa ijubane futhi ujikeleze injini kuze kube semkhawulweni - thenga imoto edluliswa ngesandla.

Futhi unganaka futhi i-hybrid yomshini ozenzakalelayo nomakhenikha - u-gearbox obamba kabili, ohlanganisa izinzuzo eziyinhloko zombili zokuhambisa. U-gearbox wesizukulwane esisha awunawo i-clutch pedal, amagiya ashintshwa ngokuzenzekelayo, kepha umgomo wokusebenza uyafana no-gearbox oshintshwayo.