XDrive all-wheel drive system

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto zekhulu leminyaka elidlule, imoto yesimanje iye yashesha, injini yayo iyonga kakhulu, kepha hhayi izindleko zomsebenzi, futhi uhlelo lokunethezeka likuvumela ukuthi ukujabulele ukushayela imoto, noma ngabe imele isigaba sebhajethi. Ngasikhathi sinye, uhlelo lokuphepha olusebenzayo nolungenziwanga seluthuthukisiwe, futhi luqukethe inani elikhulu lezakhi.

Kodwa ukuphepha kwemoto akuxhomekile kuphela kwikhwalithi yamabhuleki noma kwinani lama-airbag (ukuthi asebenza kanjani, funda lapha). Zingaki izingozi ezenzeke emigwaqeni ngenxa yokuthi umshayeli uhlulekile ukuyilawula imoto ngesikhathi eshayela ngejubane endaweni engazinzile noma ejikeni elibukhali! Kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ukusimamisa ezokuthutha ezimweni ezinjalo. Isibonelo, lapho imoto ingena ekhoneni eliqinile, isikhungo sayo samandla adonsela phansi siye kolunye uhlangothi bese ilayishwa ngokwengeziwe. Ngenxa yalokho, isondo ngalinye ohlangothini olwehlisiwe lilahlekelwa ukudonsa. Ukuqeda lo mphumela, kukhona uhlelo lokuqina kwesilinganiso sokushintshisana, ama-lateral stabilizers, njll

Kodwa ukuze imoto ikwazi ukunqoba noma iziphi izingxenye ezinzima zomgwaqo, ama-automaker ahlukene ahlomisa ezinye zezinhlobo zawo nge-transmission ekwazi ukujika isondo ngalinye, ikwenze okuhamba phambili. Lolu hlelo lubizwa ngokujwayelekile ngamasondo amane. Umkhiqizi ngamunye usebenzisa lokhu kuthuthukiswa ngendlela yakhe. Isibonelo, iMercedes-Benz isungule uhlelo lwe-4Matic, eselivele selishiwo ukubuyekeza okuhlukile... I-Audi ine-Quattro. I-BMW ihlomisa izinhlobo eziningi zezimoto ngokudluliswa kwe-xDrive.

Ukudluliswa okunjalo kuhlonyiswe kakhulu ngama-SUV agcwele, amanye amamodeli we-crossover (mayelana nomehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo zezimoto, funda ngokwehlukana), ngoba lezi zimoto maningi amathuba okuthi zibe semigwaqweni engagandayiwe kahle. Isibonelo, zisetshenziselwa ukuncintisana emncintiswaneni wezwe eliwela izwe. Kepha ezinye izimoto ezihamba phambili zabagibeli noma izimoto zemidlalo nazo zingahlonyiswa ngamasondo amane. Ngaphezu kokusebenza kahle ezindaweni ezingekho mgwaqo eziyinselele, izimoto ezinjalo zizizwa zithembekile esimweni somgwaqo esishintsha ngokushesha. Isibonelo, iqhwa elisindayo lawa ebusika, futhi imishini yokususa iqhwa ayikabhekani nomsebenzi wayo.

Imodeli edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo inethuba elingcono lokubhekana nomgwaqo ombozwe yiqhwa kunowokuqala ohamba ngamasondo noma ozakwabo abahamba ngamasondo angemuva. Izinhlelo zesimanje zinendlela yokusebenza ezenzakalelayo, ukuze umshayeli angadingi ukulawula ukuthi uzokusebenzisa nini ukukhetha okuthile. Izinkampani ezihola kuphela ezithuthukisa izinhlelo ezinjalo. Ngamunye wabo unelungelo lakhe lobunikazi lokusetshenziswa kwe-othomathikhi yamasondo onke ezimotweni zabo.

Ake sicabangele ukuthi uhlelo lwe-xDrive lusebenza kanjani, luqukethe ziphi izakhi, yiziphi izici zalo nokunye ukungasebenzi kahle.

Umqondo ojwayelekile

Ngaphandle kokuthi i-torque esemotweni enokuhanjiswa okunjalo isatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amasondo, imoto edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo ayinakubizwa ngokuthi ingekho emgaqweni. Isizathu esikhulu ukuthi inqola yesiteshi, i-sedan noma i-coupe inemvume encane yomhlaba, yingakho kungeke kwenzeke ukunqoba indawo ebucayi engaphandle komgwaqo - imoto izomane ihlale kuthrekhi yokuqala ekhishwe ama-SUV.

Ngalesi sizathu, inhloso yohlelo olusebenzayo lwamasondo onke ukuhlinzeka ngokuqina okungcono nokulawulwa kwemoto emgwaqeni ongazinzile, ngokwesibonelo, lapho imoto ingena kulayini weqhwa noma eqhweni. Ukushayela imoto edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili, futhi nangaphezulu uma uhamba ngamasondo angemuva, ezimweni ezinjalo kudinga ulwazi oluningi kumshayeli, ikakhulukazi uma ijubane lemoto liphezulu.

Kungakhathaleki ukuthi isizukulwane senzani, sizoba nalokhu:

• Ama-gearbox (ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngezinhlobo nomgomo wokusebenza kwebhokisi lamagiya, funda lapha);
• Ama-handouts (ukuthi hlobo luni lomshini, nokuthi kungani ludingeka emotweni, kuchazwa kwesinye isihloko);
• I-Cardan shaft (isebenza kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi ezinye izinhlelo ezenzakalelayo ezingasetshenziswa i-cardan drive, funda ngokwehlukana);
• Shaft yokushayela amasondo angaphambili;
• Igiya Main on ama-asi amabili.

Lolu hlu alufaki umehluko ngesizathu esisodwa esilula. Isizukulwane ngasinye sithole ukuguqulwa okuhlukile kwalesi sici. Kwakuhlala kwenziwa sesimanje, design yayo kanye nenqubo yokusebenza kwashintsha. Ukuthola imininingwane ngokuthi yini umehluko nokuthi wenza msebenzi muni ekudlulisweni kwemoto, funda lapha.

Izakhi zomkhiqizi zibeka i-xDrive njengohlelo lwamasondo oluhlala unomphela. Eqinisweni, intuthuko yokuqala yanikezwa kulo mklamo, futhi lokho kwakutholakala kuphela kwamanye amamodeli. Kuzo zonke ezinye izimoto zohlobo, okutholakalayo okubizwa ngokuthi yi-plug-in-wheel drive. Okungukuthi, i-ekseli lesibili lixhunywe lapho amasondo amakhulu wedrayivu eshibilika. Lokhu kudluliswa akutholakali kuma-BMW SUVs nama-crossovers kuphela, kodwa nasezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zemoto yomgibeli.

Ngomqondo wasendulo, idrayivu enamasondo amane kufanele inikeze ithuba eliphezulu lokushayela imoto ngemodi enamandla ezigabeni zomgwaqo ezingazinzile. Lokhu kwenza umshini ulawuleke kalula. Ngokuyinhloko, lesi yisona sizathu esikhulu esenza ukuthi kusetshenziswe izimoto ezihamba ngamasondo onke emincintiswaneni ye-rally (eminye imincintiswano yezimoto ethandwayo esebenzisa izimoto ezinamandla kokunye ukubuyekeza).

Kepha uma i-torque isatshalaliswa ngezimbazo ngesilinganiso esingalungile, lokhu kuzothinta:

• Ukuphendula kwemoto lapho ujikisa isiteringi;
• Ukwehla kwamandla emoto;
• Ukuhamba okungazinzile kwemoto ezingxenyeni eziqondile zomgwaqo;
• Ukwehla kwenduduzo ngesikhathi sokuhamba.

Ukuqeda yonke le miphumela, umakhi wezimoto waseBavaria uthathe njengesisekelo izimoto ezihamba ngamasondo angemuva, okuguqula ukudluliswa kwazo, okwandisa ukuphepha kwezimoto.

Umlando wokwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa kohlelo

Ngokokuqala ngqá, kwavela imodeli edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo evela kumakhi wezimoto waseBavaria ngo-1985. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakungekho into efana ne-crossover. Lapho-ke yonke into eyayinkulu kune-sedan ejwayelekile, i-hatchback noma inqola yesiteshi yayibizwa nge- "Jeep" noma i-SUV. Kepha maphakathi nawo-80s, iBMW ibingakalenzi lolu hlobo lwemoto. Kodwa-ke, ukubonwa kokusebenza kahle kwama-wheel drive wonke, ebesivele kutholakala kwezinye izinhlobo ze-Audi, kukhuthaze abaphathi benkampani yaseBavaria ukuthi bazenzele eyayo iyunithi, eqinisekise ukusatshalaliswa kwe-torque ku-asi ngayinye yemoto ngesilinganiso esihlukile .

Ngokukhetha, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwafakwa kumamodeli we-3-Series ne-5-Series. Izimoto ezimbalwa kuphela ezingathola imishini enjalo, bese kuphela njengenketho ebizayo. Ukwenza lezi zimoto zihluke kozakwabo bamasondo angemuva, uchungechunge lwathola inkomba ye-X. Kamuva (okungukuthi ngo-2003) inkampani yashintsha leli gama laba yi-xDrive.

I-BMW M1986 Coupe ka-3 (E30)

Ngemuva kokuhlolwa ngempumelelo kohlelo, ukuthuthuka kwaso kwalandela, okwaholela ekutheni kube nezizukulwane ezine. Ukuguqulwa ngakunye okulandelayo kuhlukaniswa nokuzinza okukhulu, uhlelo lapho amandla azosatshalaliswa khona ngamazembe kanye nezinguquko ezithile ekwakhiweni. Izizukulwane ezintathu zokuqala zisabalalise i-torque phakathi kwama-ekseli ngendlela ehleliwe (isilinganiso asinakushintshwa).

Ake sicabangele izici zesizukulwane ngasinye ngokwehlukana.

Isizukulwane sokuqala

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, umlando wokwakhiwa kwama-wheel drive wonke kusuka ku-automaker waseBavaria waqala ngo-1985. Isizukulwane sokuqala sasine-torque engaguquguquki kuma-ekseli angaphambili nangemuva. Kuyiqiniso, isilinganiso samandla sasingalingani - idrayivu yangemuva yamasondo yathola amaphesenti angama-63 kwathi edonsa ngaphambili yathola amaphesenti angu-37 wamandla.

Uhlelo lokuhambisa ugesi belumi kanje. Phakathi kwama-asi, i-torque kwakufanele isatshalaliswe ngokwahlukana kweplanethi. Ibivinjelwe ukuhlangana okunamandla (ukuthi hlobo luni lwento nokuthi lusebenza kanjani kuchazwa kokunye ukubuyekeza). Ngenxa yalo mklamo, uma kunesidingo, ukudluliswa kwe-traction ngaphambili nangemuva kwe-asi kungenziwa kufinyelele kumaphesenti angama-90.

I-viscous clutch nayo yafakwa ngaphakathi kwesikhungo sangemuva. I-ekseli langaphambili lalingenayo into yokukhiya, futhi umehluko wawumahhala. Funda ngokuthi kungani udinga ukukhiya umehluko. ngokwehlukana... I-BMW iX325 (ukukhishwa ngo-1985) yayinokuthunyelwa okunjalo.

Yize iqiniso lokuthi ukudluliswa kwakudlulisa amandla okuhamba kuwo womabili ama-asi, imoto enokuhamba okunjalo yathathwa njengamasondo angemuva, ngoba amasondo angemuva athola ukunikezwa okuqondile kwenombolo ehambelana neNewtons. Ukususwa kwamandla kwenziwa emasondweni angaphambili ngekesi lokudlulisa nge-chain drive.

Okunye ukungalungi kwalokhu kuthuthukiswa ukuthembeka okuphansi kokuhlanganiswa okunamandla kuqhathaniswa nokukhiya kweTorsen, okwakusetshenziswa yi-Audi (ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngalokhu kuguqulwa, bheka kwesinye isihloko). Isizukulwane sokuqala sakhipha emigqeni yomhlangano we-automaker yaseBavaria kuze kube ngo-1991, lapho kuvela isizukulwane esilandelayo se-wheel drive drive.

Isizukulwane sesibili

Isizukulwane sesibili sohlelo naso sasingalingani. Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-torque kwenziwa ngesilinganiso sama-64 (amasondo angemuva) kuya kuma-36 (amasondo angaphambili). Lokhu kuguqulwa kwakusetshenziswa kuma-sedans nezinqola zesiteshi 525iX ngemuva kwe-E34 (uchungechunge lwesihlanu). Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, lokhu kudluliswa kwathuthukiswa.

Le nguqulo ngaphambi sesimanje wasebenzisa bamba nge drive kagesi. Ibifakwe umahluko ophakathi nendawo. Idivayisi yenziwe yasebenza ngamasiginali avela kuyunithi yokulawula ye-ESD. Umehluko wangaphambili wawusakhululekile, kepha emuva kwakukhona umehluko wokukhiya. Lesi senzo senziwa yi-electro-hydraulic clutch. Ngenxa yalomklamo, ukugxilwa kungathunyelwa cishe ngaso leso sikhathi ngesilinganiso samaphesenti ayi-0 kuye kwayi-100.

Ngenxa yesimanje onjiniyela benkampani bashintshe ukwakheka kohlelo. Umehluko wesikhungo usengakhiywa. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswe isici sokukhuphaza se-multi-disc electromagnetic friction. Ukulawulwa kuphela okwenziwa yiyunithi yohlelo lwe-ABS.

Amagiya amakhulu alahlekelwe ukukhiya kwawo, futhi umehluko we-axle cross-free wakhululwa. Kepha kulesi sizukulwane kusetshenziswe ukulingisa kwesikhiya sangemuva sokuhlukanisa (uhlelo lwe-ABD). Isimiso sokusebenza sedivayisi besilula. Lapho izinzwa ezinquma ijubane lokuzungeza kwamasondo ziqopha umehluko ekuguqukeni kwamasondo angakwesokudla nangakwesobunxele (lokhu kwenzeka lapho elinye lawo liqala ukushibilika), uhlelo lubambezela kancane lelo elizungeza ngokushesha.

Isizukulwane sesithathu

Ngo-1998, kwaba noshintsho ekukhiqizeni wonke amasondo avela kubantu baseBavaria. Ngokuphathelene nesilinganiso sokusatshalaliswa kwe-torque, khona-ke lesi sizukulwane sasilingana futhi. Amasondo angemuva athola amaphesenti angama-62, kuthi amasondo angaphambili athole ama-38% we-thrust. Ukudluliswa okunjalo kungatholakala ezinqoleni zesiteshi nakuma-BMW 3-Series E46 sedans.

Ngokungafani nesizukulwane esedlule, lolu hlelo lwalufakelwe ukungafani okuphelele (ngisho nendawo emaphakathi ayivinjelwe). Amagiya amakhulu athole ukulingiswa kokuvimba.

Ngemuva konyaka kuqale ukukhiqizwa kwesizukulwane sesithathu sama-xDrive all-wheel drive transmissions, inkampani yakhipha imodeli yokuqala yekilasi le- "Crossover". IBMW X5 isebenzise uhlelo olufanayo nezimoto zabagibeli zochungechunge lwesithathu. Ngokungafani nalokho kuguqulwa, lokhu kudluliswa kufakwe ukulingiswa kokuvinjelwa kokuhlukaniswa kwe-axle axle.

Kuze kube ngu-2003, zonke izizukulwane ezintathu bezimele idrayivu yesikhathi esigcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izinhlobo zamasondo amane ezishintshayo zohlobo lwe-auto zafakwa uhlelo lwe-xDrive. Ezimotweni zabagibeli, isizukulwane sesithathu sohlelo sasetshenziswa kwaze kwaba ngu-2006, kwathi kuma-crossovers sashintshwa eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili yisizukulwane sesine.

IV isizukulwane

Isizukulwane sakamuva sohlelo oludonsa ngawo wonke amasondo sethulwa ngo-2003. Kwakuyingxenye yemishini eyisisekelo ye-X3 crossover entsha, kanye nemodeli ye-restyled 3-Series E46. Lolu hlelo lufakwe ngokuzenzakalela kuwo wonke amamodeli we-X-Series, futhi njengenketho - kwamanye amamodeli, ngaphandle kwe-2-Series.

Isici salokhu kuguqulwa ukungabikho komehluko wokuhlangana. Esikhundleni se-clutch multi-plate clutch esetshenziswa elawulwa yi-servo drive. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, amaphesenti angama-60 we-torque aya ku-axle yangemuva namaphesenti angama-40 ngaphambili. Lapho isimo emgwaqweni sishintsha kakhulu (imoto yagijimela odakeni, yangena eqhweni elijulile noma eqhweni), uhlelo luyakwazi ukushintsha isilinganiso sifike ku-0: 100.

Indlela uhlelo olusebenza ngayo

Njengoba kunezimoto eziningi emakethe ezinamasondo amane wesizukulwane sesine, sizogxila emsebenzini walokhu kuguqulwa okuthile. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-traction idluliselwa njalo emasondweni angemuva, ngakho-ke imoto ayithathwa njengawo wonke amasondo, kodwa idonsa ngamasondo angemuva nge-axle yangaphambili exhunyiwe.

I-multi-plate clutch ifakiwe phakathi kwama-asi, njengoba, njengoba sesibonile, ilawulwa ngohlelo lwe-levers esebenzisa i-servo drive. Lo mshini ubopha ama-disc clutch futhi, ngenxa yamandla okuxubana, ikesi lokudlulisa lamaketanga liyasebenza, elixhuma umphini wangaphambili we-asi.

Ukususwa kwamandla kuya ngamandla we-discs compression. Le yunithi iyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngamaphesenti ama-50 wokusabalalisa kwe-torque kumasondo angaphambili. Lapho i-servo ivula ama-clutch disc, amaphesenti ayi-100 okudonsa aya kumasondo angemuva.

Ukusebenza kwe-servo kungohlobo olucishe luhlakaniphe ngenxa yokuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezinhlelo ezihambisana nayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, noma isiphi isimo emgwaqeni singadala ukwenziwa kusebenze kohlelo, oluzoshintshela kumodi oyifunayo ngemizuzwana engu-0.01 kuphela.

Izinhlelo ezilandelayo zithinta ukwenziwa kohlelo lwe-xDrive:

1. I-ICM... Lolu uhlelo olurekhoda ukusebenza kwe-chassis yemoto futhi lilawule eminye yemisebenzi yalo. Inikeza ukuvumelanisa kohamba ngezinye izindlela;
2. I-DSC... Leli igama lomkhiqizi lohlelo lokulawula ukuzinza. Ngenxa yamasignali avela ezinzwa zawo, i-traction isatshalaliswa phakathi kwama-ekseli angaphambili nangemuva. Ibuye isebenzise ukulingiswa kokukhiya kwe-elekthronikhi umehluko wangaphambili nangemuva. Uhlelo luvula ibhuleki esondweni eliqale ukushibilika ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwe-torque kulo;
3. AFS... Lolu uhlelo olulungisa ukuma kwendlela yokuqondisa. Uma imoto ishayisa endaweni engazinzile, futhi ngezinga elithile uhlelo lwamabhuleki wesondo elisheshayo luyashukunyiswa, le divayisi iqinisa imoto ukuze ingakwazi ukushibilika;
4. DTS... Uhlelo lokudonsa lokudonsa;
5. I-HDC... Umsizi we-elekthronikhi lapho ushayela emithambekeni emide;
6. I-DPC... Ezinye izinhlobo zezimoto azinalo lolu hlelo. Kuyasiza ukuthi umshayeli akwazi ukuyilawula imoto uma uvalwe ekhoneni ngejubane elikhulu.

Ukusebenza kwamasondo amane asebenzayo ale automaker kunenzuzo eyodwa, evumela ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kuncintisane nama-analogue ezinye izinkampani. Kutholakala kokulula kokuklanywa kanye nohlelo lokuqalisa ukusatshalaliswa kwe-torque. Futhi, ukuthembeka kohlelo kungenxa yokushoda kwamalokhi okwehlukanisa.

Nazi ezinye izinzuzo zohlelo lwe-xDrive:

• Ukwabiwa kabusha kwamandla okudonsela eduze kwama-ekseli kwenzeka ngendlela enganyatheli;
• I-elekthronikhi ihlola njalo isimo semoto emgwaqeni, futhi lapho isimo somgwaqo sishintsha, uhlelo luguqula khona manjalo;
• Yenza kube lula ukulawula ukushayela, kungakhathalekile ukuthi umgwaqo ungakanani;
• Uhlelo lwamabhuleki lusebenza kahle, futhi kwezinye izimo umshayeli akudingeki ukuthi acindezele ibhuleki ukuze imoto izinzile;
• Ngaphandle kwamakhono okushayela umshayeli, imoto izinzile kakhulu ezigabeni zomgwaqo ezinzima kunaleyo yakudala ehamba ngamasondo angemuva.

Izindlela zokusebenza kohlelo

Ngaphandle kokuthi uhlelo alukwazi ukushintsha isilinganiso se-torque phakathi kwama-ekseli alungisiwe, i-xWrive drive-wheel drive esebenzayo ye-BMW isebenza ngezindlela eziningana. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kuya ngesimo emgwaqeni, kanye nakwizimpawu zamasistimu ezimoto axhunyiwe.

Nazi izimo ezejwayelekile lapho i-elekthronikhi ingenza kusebenze ushintsho ekususweni kwamandla ku-ekseli ngayinye:

1. Umshayeli uqala ukuhamba kahle. Kulokhu, i-elekthronikhi isebenzisa i-servo ukuze icala lokudlulisa lidlulise amaphesenti ama-50 we-torque emasondweni angaphambili. Lapho imoto ishesha ngama-20 km / h, i-elekthronikhi yehlisa umthelela ku-clutch centre-to-center clutch, ngenxa yokuthi isilinganiso se-torque phakathi kwama-ekseli sishintsha kahle ngo-40/60 (ngaphambili / emuva);
2. I-skid lapho ijika ekhoneni (kungani i-oversteer noma i-understeer yenzeka, nokuthi yini okudingeka yenziwe ezimweni ezinjalo, kuchazwa kokunye ukubuyekeza) kubangela ukuthi uhlelo lusebenze amasondo angaphambili ngo-50%, ukuze aqale ukudonsa imoto, ayenze izinze lapho ishushuluza. Uma lo mphumela ungeke ulawulwe, iyunithi yokulawula isebenzisa ezinye izinhlelo zokuphepha;
3. Ukudilizwa. Kulokhu, i-elekthronikhi, kunalokho, yenza imoto idonsa ngamasondo angemuva, ngenxa yokuthi amasondo angemuva ayiphusha imoto, ayiphendukise ohlangothini olubhekene nokujikeleza kwamasondo okuqondisa. Futhi, i-elekthronikhi yemoto isebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokuphepha ezisebenzayo neziphansi;
4. Imoto yangena eqhweni. Kulokhu, uhlelo lusabalalisa amandla abe uhhafu kuya kuwo womabili ama-asi, bese imoto iba idrayivu yamasondo onke yakudala;
5. Ukupaka imoto emgwaqeni omncane noma uhamba ngejubane elingaphezulu kwe-180 km / h. Kule modi, amasondo angaphambili akhubazeke ngokuphelele, futhi konke ukudonsa kutholakala kuphela ku-asi engemuva. Okubi ngale ndlela ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukuthi imoto ephathekayo enamasondo angemuva ipake, ngokwesibonelo, uma udinga ukushayela kunqenqema oluncane, futhi uma umgwaqo ushelela, amasondo ayashelela.

Okubi kohlelo lwe-xDrive ukuthi, ngenxa yokushoda kokuvinjwa kwesikhungo noma umehluko we-axle axle, imodi ethile ayikwazi ukukhanywa ngenkani. Isibonelo, uma umshayeli azi kahle ukuthi imoto izongena kanjani ngqo endaweni ethile, ngeke akwazi ukuvula i-asi yokuqala. Iyasebenza ngokuzenzakalela, kepha kuphela lapho imoto iqala ukushibilika. Umshayeli ongenalwazi uzoqala ukuthatha izinyathelo ezithile, futhi okwamanje umzila we-asi wangaphambili uzokhanya, okungaholela engozini. Ngalesi sizathu, uma kungekho lwazi lokushayela lezo zithuthi, kungcono ukuzijwayeza imigwaqo evaliwe noma ezindaweni ezikhethekile.

Izinto zesistimu

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwamamodeli abagibeli kwehlukile kunezinketho ezifakwe ama-crossovers. Umehluko ekudlulisweni kwecala. Kuma-crossovers, iyinketho, kanti kwezinye izinhlobo, iyigiya.

Uhlelo lwe-xDrive luqukethe:

• I-gearbox ezenzakalelayo;
• Ikesi lokudlulisa;
• I-multi-plate friction clutch. Ifakwe ecaleni lokudlulisa futhi ingena esikhundleni sokwehluka kwesikhungo;
• Amagiya abheke phambili nangasemuva;
• Ukwahluka ngaphambili nangemuva kwe-axle axle.

Icala lokudluliswa kwezinqola zesiteshi nama-sedans liqukethe:

• Ukuhamba phambili kwesondo;
• Ukulawulwa kwe-Servo cam;
• Igiya Lesisemkhatsini;
• Idrayivu yegiya;
• Isigwedlo Main;
• Multi-ipuleti bamba;
• Indlela yangemuva ye-axle drive;
• Servo motor;
• Izakhi eziningi zokushayisana;
• I-pinion gear exhunywe yi-servomotor.

Icala le-crossover lisebenzisa ukwakheka okufanayo, ngaphandle kokuthi kusetshenziswa uchungechunge esikhundleni segiya elingasebenzi.

I-multi-plate friction clutch

Isici esikhethekile sesizukulwane sakamuva sohlelo lwe-xDrive oluhlakaniphile ukungabikho komehluko wesikhungo. Kushintshwe i-clutch yamapuleti amaningi. Iqhutshwa yi-servo kagesi. Ukusebenza kwalo mshini kulawulwa yunithi lokulawula ukudluliswa. Lapho imoto isesimweni esinzima somgwaqo, i-microprocessor ithola amasiginali kusuka kuhlelo lokulawula ukuzinza, i-steering, i-chassis, njll. Ngokuya ngala mapulse, i-algorithm ehleliwe iyaqala, futhi i-servo drive ibamba amadiski e-clutch ngamandla ahambelana netorque edingekayo ku-axle yesibili.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lokudluliswa (kwezimoto zabagibeli nama-crossovers, ukuguqulwa okuhlukile kuyasetshenziswa), i-torque esekudlulisweni kwamacala ngamagiya noma ngeketanga inikezwa ngokwengxenye ku-shaft shaft engaphambili. Amandla okucindezelwa kwama-disc clutch ancike kumanani atholwa yiyunithi yokulawula.

Yini eqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo

Ngakho-ke, inzuzo yohlelo lwe-xDrive ilele ekwabiweni kabusha kwamandla okushelelayo nokunganyatheli amandla phakathi kwama-asi angaphambili nangasemuva. Ukusebenza kwayo kungenxa yecala lokudlulisa, elisebenza nge-clutch yamapuleti amaningi. Kwatshelwa ngaye ngaphambili. Ngenxa yokuvumelanisa namanye amasistimu, ukudluliswa kuvumelana nezimo zomgwaqo ezishintshayo futhi kuguqula imodi yokususa amandla.

Njengoba umsebenzi wohlelo ukuqeda ukushelela kwamasondo okushayela ngangokunokwenzeka, izimoto ezifakwe ngayo kulula ukuzinza ngemuva kweskid. Uma kunesifiso sokuthayipha kabusha (mayelana nokuthi kuyini, funda lapha), lapho-ke, uma kungenzeka, le nketho kufanele ikhutshazwe noma ingasebenzi ezinye izinhlelo ezivimbela ukushelela kwamasondo okushayela.

Ukungasebenzi kahle okukhulu

Uma kunezinkinga ngokudluliswa (kungaba ukuphuka kwemishini noma kwe-elekthronikhi), khona-ke isignali ehambelana kudeshibhodi izokhanya. Ngokuya ngohlobo lokubhidlika, i-4x4, ABS noma i-Brake icon ingavela. Njengoba ukudluliswa kungenye yamayunithi azinzile emotweni, ukwehluleka kwawo okubukhali kwenzeka ikakhulukazi lapho umshayeli engazinaki izimpawu zohlelo olukubhodi noma ukungasebenzi kahle ngaphambi kokwehluleka kwezakhi zokudlulisa.

Uma kwenzeka kunokungasebenzi kahle okuncane, inkomba ekhanyayo ngezikhathi ezithile ingavela kucocekile. Uma kungenziwanga lutho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isignali ecwayizayo iqala ukukhanya njalo. "Isixhumanisi esibuthakathaka" ohlelweni lwe-xDrive yi-servo, ecindezela amadiski e-central clutch ngezinga elithile. Ngenhlanhla, abaklami bakubone kusengaphambili lokhu, futhi babeka indlela ukuze kuthi uma yehluleka, kungadingeki ukuqaqa ingxenye yokudlulisela. Le nto itholakala ngaphandle kwe-handout.

Kepha lokhu akuyona ukuphela kwesici sokuwohloka kwalesi simiso. Isiginali evela kwesinye inzwa ingalahleka (oxhumana naye unoketshezi noma ama-cores wezintambo aphukile). Ukuhluleka kwe-elekthronikhi nakho kungenzeka. Ukubona amaphutha, ungaqhuba ukuzihlola kohlelo lokubhoda (ukuthi lokhu kungenziwa kanjani kwezinye izimoto kuchazwa lapha) noma unikeze imoto ukuxilongwa kwamakhompyutha. Funda ngokwehlukana le nqubo yenziwa kanjani.

Uma i-servo drive iphuka, amabhulashi noma inzwa yeHholo ingahluleka (kuchazwa kanjani ukuthi le nzwa isebenza kanjani kwesinye isihloko). Kepha noma kunjalo, ungaqhubeka nokushayela uye esiteshini senkonzo ngemoto. Imoto kuphela ezoba ngamasondo angemuva nje. Kuliqiniso, ukusebenza njalo nge-servo motor ephukile kugcwele ukwehluleka kuka-gearbox, ngakho-ke akufanele ulibazise ukulungisa noma ukufaka enye i-servo.

Uma umshayeli eshintsha uwoyela ebhokisini ngesikhathi, i-razdatka "izophila" cishe ngama-100-120 ayizinkulungwane. km. amamayela. Ukugqokwa komshini kuzokhonjiswa yisimo segrisi. Ukuxilongwa kwanele ukukhipha uwoyela kancane epanini lokuhambisa. Yehla ngokudonsa ku-napkin ehlanzekile, ungabona uma sekuyisikhathi sokulungisa uhlelo. Ukushefa kwensimbi noma iphunga elishisiwe kukhombisa isidingo sokushintsha imishini.

Olunye uphawu lwezinkinga nge-servomotor ukusheshisa okungalingani (imonto idonsa) noma ikhwela elivela emasondweni angemuva (ngohlelo lokubhaka osebenzayo). Kwesinye isikhathi, ngenkathi ushayela, uhlelo lungahambisa kabusha amandla kwelinye lamasondo okushayela ukuze imoto ithathe ithuba ngokuzethemba. Kepha kulokhu, u-gearbox ubhekene nomthwalo osindayo futhi uzohluleka ngokushesha. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, akufanele unqobe ama-curves ngesivinini esikhulu. Akunandaba noma ngabe uhlelo oludonsa ngamasondo amane noma lokuphepha luthembeke kangakanani, abakwazi ukuqeda nya umphumela wemithetho yemvelo emotweni, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuphepha emgwaqeni ukushayela ngokuthula, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezingazinzile zomgwaqo omkhulu .

isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, i-xDrive evela kwa-BMW izibonakalise kahle kangangokuba i-automaker iyifaka ezimotweni eziningi zabagibeli, kanye nakuzo zonke izinhlobo zesigaba se- "Crossover" esine-index ye-X. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezizukulwane ezedlule, lesi sizukulwane sinokwethenjelwa ngokwanele ukuthi umenzi ayihlelanga ukukufaka ngenye into bese kuba okungcono kakhulu.

Ekupheleni kokubuyekezwa - ividiyo emfushane yokuthi uhlelo lwe-xDrive lusebenza kanjani:

Idonsa ngamasondo wonke iBMW xDrive, womabili asebenza ezindaweni ezahlukene.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Iyini i-BMW X Drive? Lolu wuhlelo oludonsa ngawo wonke amasondo olwakhiwe ngonjiniyela bakwaBMW. Ingaphansi kwesigaba samasistimu ahlala unomphela adonsa ngawo wonke amasondo anetorque eqhubekayo futhi eguquguqukayo.

Isebenza kanjani isistimu ye-X Drive? Lokhu kushintshwa kususelwa ohlelweni lwakudala oludonsa ngamasondo angemuva. I-torque isatshalaliswa ngokuhambisana nezimbazo ngekesi lokudlulisa (i-gear transmission elawulwa yi-friction clutch).

Ivele nini i-X Drive? Ukwethulwa ngokusemthethweni kweBMW xDrive all-wheel drive transmission kwenzeka ngo-2003. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, kwakusetshenziswa isistimu enokusabalalisa okungaguquki okugxilile okuhambisana nama-axles.

Ithini i-BMW all-wheel drive? I-BMW isebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili zokushayela. Ingemuva ingeyakudala. I-front-wheel drive ayisetshenziswa ngokomthetho. Kodwa i-All-wheel drive ene-variable axle ratio iyintuthuko yakamuva, futhi ichazwa ngokuthi i-xDrive.