Kuyini iHatchback
Okuqukethwe
Yini iHatchback?
I-hatchback yimoto engemuva (trunk) eyehlelayo. Kungaba neminyango emi-3 noma emi-5. Ezimweni eziningi, ama-hatchback ayizimoto ezincane ukuya ezimaphakathi, futhi ukubumbana kwazo kuwenza afaneleke kakhulu endaweni yasemadolobheni kanye namabanga amafushane. Lokhu akulula kakhulu uma udinga ukuthwala imithwalo emikhulu, ngokulandelana, ohambweni kanye nohambo olude.
Ama-hatchback ajwayele ukubhekwa ngephutha njengezimoto ezincane uma kuqhathaniswa nama-sedans ajwayelekile, kanti umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-sedan ne-hatchback yi-"hatchback" noma i-liftgate. Isizathu esenza ukuthi kuthiwe isicabha ingoba uyakwazi ukungena emotweni usuka lapha, akufani nesedan lapho umboko uhlukaniswa khona nabagibeli.
I-sedan ichazwa njengemoto enemigqa emi-2 yezihlalo, okungukuthi. phambili nangemuva ngama-compartments amathathu, enye eyinjini, eyesibili yabagibeli bese elesithathu ngokugcina imithwalo nezinye izinto. Zonke izinsika ezintathu ku-sedan zimboza kuphela ingaphakathi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-hatchback ekuqaleni yayiklanyelwe ukuhlala ngokuguquguquka kwengqondo maqondana nendawo yokugcina. Akudingeki ukuthi ibe yincane kune-sedan futhi ikwazi ukuhlalisa abagibeli abangafika kwabayisi-5, kepha futhi ingahle ibe nenketho yokwandisa indawo yokugcina ngokunikela ngesihlalo. Isibonelo esihle salokhu yiVolvo V70, empeleni eyi-hatchback, kepha engaphezu kwesedan efana neVW vento. I-hatchback ibizwa kanjalo hhayi ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane, kodwa ngenxa yomnyango ongemuva.
Umlando wokudalwa komzimba
Namuhla, ama-hatchbacks adumile ngenxa yokubukeka kwawo kwezemidlalo, i-aerodynamics enhle kakhulu, usayizi ohlangene kanye nokuhlukahluka. Lolu hlobo lomzimba luvele kuma-40s akude ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule.
Abameleli bokuqala be-hatchbacks babeyizibonelo zenkampani yaseFrance Citroen. Ngemva kwesikhashana, umkhiqizi Kaiser Motors (i-automaker waseMelika eyayikhona kusukela ngo-1945 kuya ku-1953) wacabanga ukwethula lolu hlobo lomzimba. Le nkampani ikhiphe izinhlobo ezimbili ze-hatchback: iFrazer Vagabond kanye neKaiser Traveller.
Ama-hatchbacks athola ukuthandwa phakathi kwabashayeli baseYurophu ngenxa ye-Renault 16. Kodwa eJapane, lolu hlobo lomzimba lwaluvele ludingeka ngaphambili. Emkhakheni weSoviet Union, ama-hatchbacks athola ukuthandwa nawo athuthukiswa.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-sedan ne-hatchback
Ama-Hatchbacks anomnyango we-sunroof (umnyango wesi-5) ngemuva, ngenkathi ama-sedans engenayo.
Ama-Sedan anama-fixed compartments angu-3 - enjini, abagibeli nemithwalo, kuyilapho ama-hatchbacks enekhono lokugoqa izihlalo ukuze kwandiswe indawo yemithwalo.
awukho omunye umehluko oqondile phakathi kwabo. Ukuze wazi nje, noma yini engabamba abantu abangaphezu kuka-5 imvamisa ibizwa ngokuthi yiveni. Amanye ama-crossovers noma ama-SUV nawo anezihlalo ezingaphezu kuka-5. Futhi lezo zimoto zinde kakhulu futhi zinendawo enkulu yokubeka enomnyango ongasemuva, kepha lezi akuzona izingqinamba, kepha ama-pickups.
Ukube bekunezimoto eziningi “zedolobha” ezishayela emadolobheni kunama-SUV, amaveni namaSUV amakhulu, cishe abashayeli abaningi bebengaba nombono okhululekile. Uma izimoto ezincane nezintekenteke zingagcinanga emzileni wesokunxele womgwaqo omkhulu, kodwa futhi nasemigwaqweni yesibili, ukushayela ungekho emgwaqeni bekungeke kube ingoma, kodwa ukwethuka kungase kunciphe. Lokhu, yiqiniso, imibono ye-utopian nengenangqondo, kodwa yebo - uhlobo lwemoto lubalulekile endaweni yokushayela. Futhi uma kukhona abantu ababili abashayelayo emndenini, kungase kube umqondo omuhle ukuba nemoto eyodwa efanelekayo ukuhamba edolobheni, enye eyokuhamba nokuvakasha. Uma izingane noma izinto zokuzilibazisa ziphazamisa i-akhawunti, isibalo siba nzima nakakhulu.
Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi komzimba
Ama-hatchbacks ayadingeka phakathi kwabathandi bezimoto zedolobha ezincane, kodwa ezivulekile nezithambile. Ngenxa yomthamo wayo, imoto enjalo ilungele umshayeli womndeni.
Ezinye izinzuzo zama-hatchbacks zihlanganisa:
- Ukuhamba kahle okuhloniphekile ngenxa ye-aerodynamics enhle kakhulu kanye nobukhulu obuncane (ukuguquguquka okungemuva okufushanisiwe);
- Ngenxa yefasitela elikhulu elingemuva, kunikezwe ukubuka konke okuhle;
- Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-sedan, umthamo wokuthwala wanda;
- Ngenxa ye-tailgate enkulu, kulula ukulayisha izinto kunesedan.
Kodwa ngokuguquguquka kwayo, i-hatchback inezinkinga ezilandelayo:
- Ngenxa yokwanda kwesikhala ku-cabin, kubi kakhulu ukufudumala imoto ebusika, futhi ehlobo kufanele uvule i-air conditioner kancane ukuze uqinisekise i-microclimate kulo lonke ikhabethe;
- Uma umthwalo onukayo noma izinto ezidumayo zidluliselwa esiqwini, ngakho-ke ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuhlukaniswa okungenalutho, lokhu kwenza uhambo lungabi lula, ikakhulukazi kubagibeli bangemuva;
- I-trunk ku-hatchback, lapho indawo yabagibeli ilayishwe ngokugcwele, icishe ifane nevolumu njenge-sedan (kancane kancane ngenxa yeshalofu elingasuswa);
- Kwamanye amamodeli, i-trunk iyanda ngenxa yesikhala sabagibeli abangemuva. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuvame ukuba namamodeli lapho abagibeli bezinga elincane bengakwazi ukuhlala ngemuva.
Isithombe: injani imoto ye-hatchback
Ngakho-ke, umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwe-hatchback ne-sedan ubukhona bomnyango ongemuva ogcwele ngokugcwele, i-overhang engemuva efinyeziwe, njengenqola yesiteshi, nobukhulu obuncane. Isithombe sibonisa ukuthi i-hatchback, i-station wagon, i-liftback, i-sedan nezinye izinhlobo zomzimba zibukeka kanjani.
Ividiyo: ama-hatchback ashesha kakhulu emhlabeni
Nansi ividiyo emfushane mayelana nama-hatchback ashesha kakhulu akhelwe ngesisekelo samamodeli ayisisekelo:
Amamodeli we-Iconic hatchback
Yiqiniso, akunakwenzeka ukudala uhlu oluphelele lwe-hatchbacks engcono kakhulu, ngoba umshayeli ngamunye unezintandokazi zakhe kanye nezidingo zemoto. Kodwa kuwo wonke umlando wokudalwa kwezimoto, isithonjana esikhulu kunazo zonke (kulokhu, sithembele ekudumeni kwalezi zinhlobo nezici zazo) ama-hatches:
- Kia Ceed. Imoto yekilasi C yaseKorea. Uhlu oluhlaba umxhwele lwezinketho ezinikeziwe namaleveli wokunquma ayatholakala kumthengi.
- URenault Sandero. Imoto yedolobha enesizotha kodwa ekhangayo futhi ehlangene evela kumshini wezimoto waseFrance. Iphatha kahle imigwaqo esezingeni eliphansi.
- I-Ford Focus. Iqukethe inhlanganisela enhle kakhulu yentengo nezinto zokusebenza ezinikezwayo. Imodeli inekhwalithi ehloniphekile yokwakha - ibhekana kahle nemigwaqo emibi, injini iqinile.
- I-Peugeot 308. I-hatchback yasemadolobheni esitayela. Isizukulwane sakamuva semodeli asizange sithole imishini ethuthukisiwe kuphela, kodwa futhi sathola umklamo omangalisayo wezemidlalo.
- Volkswagen Golf. Akunakwenzeka ukungasho i-hatchback yomndeni eyi-nimble nethembekile evela ku-automaker waseJalimane, odumile ngaso sonke isikhathi.
- Kia Rio. Omunye ummeleli wemboni yezimoto yaseKorea, edumile eYurophu nasemazweni e-CIS. Isici sesizukulwane sakamuva ukuthi imoto ibukeka njenge-crossover encane.
Imibuzo nezimpendulo:
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-sedan ne-hatchback? I-sedan inomumo womzimba wevolumu emithathu (i-hood, uphahla kanye ne-trunk kugqanyiswe ngokubonakalayo). I-hatchback inomzimba wevolumu emibili (uphahla lungena kahle esiqwini, njengenqola yesiteshi).
Ibukeka kanjani imoto ye-hatchback? Ngaphambili, i-hatchback ibukeka njenge-sedan (indawo ye-injini echazwe ngokucacile), futhi ingaphakathi lihlanganiswe ne-trunk (kukhona ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kwabo - ngokuvamile kufana neshalofu).
Yini engcono i-hatchback noma i-station wagon? Uma udinga imoto yabagibeli ebanzi kakhulu, khona-ke inqola yesiteshi ingcono, futhi uma udinga imoto enekhono lenqola yesiteshi, i-hatchback iyindlela efanelekile.
Kuyini i-liftback emotweni? Ngaphandle, imoto enjalo ibukeka njenge-sedan enophahla oluhlangana kahle esiqwini. I-liftback inesakhiwo somzimba esinamavolumu amathathu, indawo yemithwalo kuphela efana ne-hatchback.
