Izinto ezinhlanu ezizonciphisa impilo yenjini
Okuqukethwe
Izinjini zesimanje zenziwa ngenhloso yokuthola umnotho omkhulu wephethiloli futhi, ngawo, kunciphisa ukukhishwa okuyingozi. Ngasikhathi sinye, izici zabathengi azinakwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuthembeka nokusebenza kwenjini kuncishisiwe. Lapho uthenga imoto entsha, kufanele ucabangele ukuthi umkhiqizi ugxile kuphi. Nalu uhlu olufushane lwezinto ezizonciphisa impilo yomshini.
Ivolumu egumbini elisebenzayo 1
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukunciphisa ivolumu yamakamelo okusebenza esilinda. Lezi zinguquko zenjini zenzelwe ukunciphisa inani lokukhishwa okuyingozi. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zomshayeli wanamuhla, kudingeka amandla athile (lawa amakhulu eminyaka edlule, abantu babenethezekile ngezinqola). Kepha ngamasilinda amancane, amandla angatholakala kuphela ngokwandisa isilinganiso sokucindezela.
Ukwanda kwale pharamitha kunomthelela omubi ezingxenyeni ze-cylinder-piston group. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunakwenzeka ukwandisa le nkomba ngokungapheli. Uphethiloli unenombolo yayo ye-octane. Uma icindezelwe kakhulu, uphethiloli ungaqhuma ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngokukhuphuka kwesilinganiso sokucindezelwa, noma yingxenye yesithathu, umthwalo kuzakhi zenjini uphinda kabili. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izinketho ezinhle kakhulu izinjini ezingama-4-cylinder ezinomthamo wamalitha angu-1,6.
2 I-piston efinyeziwe
Iphuzu lesibili ukusetshenziswa kwama-piston afushane. Abenzi bathatha lesi sinyathelo ukukhanyisa (okungenani kancane) iyunithi yamandla. Futhi lesi sixazululo sihlinzeka ngomkhiqizo owengeziwe nokusebenza kahle. Ngokuncipha komphetho we-piston nobude benduku yokuxhuma, izindonga zesilinda zithola ukucindezeleka okwengeziwe. Ezinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi ezinejubane elikhulu, ipiston elinjalo livame ukucekela ucezu lukawoyela futhi lonakalise isibuko sesilinda. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kuholela ekugugeni nasekudabukeni.
3 I-Turbine
Endaweni yesithathu ukusetshenziswa kwezinjini ezine-turbocharged ezinomthamo omncane. I-turbocharger esetshenziswa kakhulu, i-impeller yayo ezungeza emandleni akhululiwe amagesi akhipha umoya. Le divayisi ivamise ukushisa kufika kumadigri angu-1000 ngendlela emangalisayo. Uma injini igudluzwa kakhulu, ishaja iguga kakhulu.
Imvamisa, yehla cishe amakhilomitha ayi-100. I-turbine nayo idinga ukuthambisa. Futhi uma umshayeli engenawo umkhuba wokuhlola izinga likawoyela, injini ingathola indlala kawoyela. Lokhu kugcwele ngani, kulula ukukuqagela.
4 Fudumeza injini
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ukunganakwa kokushisa injini ebusika. Eqinisweni, izinjini zesimanje zingaqala ngaphandle kokushisa. Zifakelwe izinhlelo ezintsha zikaphethiloli eziqinisa ukusebenza kwenjini ebandayo. Kodwa-ke, kunesinye futhi isici esingenakulungiswa yinoma yiziphi izinhlelo - uwoyela uyajiya eqhweni.
Ngalesi sizathu, ngemuva kokumiswa emakhazeni, kunzima kakhulu kupompo kawoyela ukudonsa igrisi kuzo zonke izingxenye zenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Uma ubeka umthwalo ongathí sina kuyo ngaphandle kokuthambisa, ezinye izingxenye zawo zizokwehla ngokushesha. Ngeshwa, umnotho ubaluleke kakhulu, yingakho abenzi bezimoto bengasinaki isidingo sokufudumeza injini. Umphumela ukunciphisa impilo yokusebenza yeqembu lama-piston.
5 «Qala / Misa»
Into yesihlanu ezofushanisa impilo yenjini uhlelo lokuqala / lokumisa. Yakhiwa abakhiqizi bezimoto baseJalimane ukuze "bacishe" injini bengasebenzi. Lapho injini isebenza emotweni emile (ngokwesibonelo, erobhothini noma enqamula ujantshi), ukukhishwa okuyingozi kugxila kakhulu ku-meta eyodwa. Ngalesi sizathu, i-smog ivame ukwakhiwa ezindaweni zamadolobha amakhulu. Umqondo, kunjalo, udlalela umnotho.
Inkinga, nokho, ukuthi injini inokuphila kwayo komjikelezo wokuqala. Ngaphandle komsebenzi wokuqala/wokumisa, izosebenza isilinganiso sezikhathi ezingu-50 eminyakeni eyi-000 yesevisi, futhi ngayo cishe izigidi ezi-10. Lapho injini iqalwa kaningi, izingxenye ezishayisanayo ziyaguga ngokushesha.
