Imishini kagesi yemoto

Ukufakwa kwemishini yebhaluni yegesi kube yinqubo edingekayo kule minyaka embalwa edlule. Umkhuba wokukhuphuka njalo kwentengo kaphethiloli wenze abashayeli bezimoto bacabange ngamanye amafutha. Kulesi sihloko, sizocabangela zonke izizukulwane zemishini ye-gas-balloon, ukuthi ihluke kanjani komunye nomunye, nokuthi imoto ingasebenza ngokuzinzile kwamanye amafutha.

Yini i-HBO

Imishini ye-CNG ifakwe ezimotweni eziningi zabagibeli njengohlelo olwengeziwe olunikeza injini yomlilo yangaphakathi nolunye uphethiloli. Igesi evame kakhulu ingxube ye-propane ne-butane. IMethane isetshenziswa ezimotweni ezinkulu, ngoba uhlelo ludinga ingcindezi ephakeme kakhulu yokusebenza ukwedlula uzakwabo ku-propane (kudingeka amasilinda amakhulu anezindonga eziwugqinsi).

Ngaphezu kwezimoto ezilula, i-LPG iyasetshenziswa nakwezinye izinhlobo zamaloli ezincane, njengeFord F150. Kukhona abakhiqizi abahlomisa amanye amamodeli ngokufakwa kwegesi ngqo efektri.

Iningi labashayeli liguqula izimoto zalo zibe uhlelo lukaphethiloli oluhlanganisiwe. Ukusebenza kwenjini kugesi nophethiloli kucishe kufane, okwenza sikwazi ukusebenzisa zombili izinhlobo zikaphethiloli ezinhlakeni eziningi zamandla kaphethiloli.

Kungani ufake i-HBO

Isizathu sokufaka i-HBO kungaba yizici ezilandelayo:

• Izindleko zikaPhethiloli. Uphethiloli eziteshini eziningi zokugcwalisa uthengiswa kabili ngentengo yegesi, yize ukusetshenziswa kwawo womabili la mafutha kucishe kufane (igesi icishe ibe ngu-15% ngaphezulu);
• Inani le-octane legesi (i-propane-butane) liphakeme kunalelo likaphethiloli, ngakho-ke injini ihamba ngokushelela, akukho ukuqhuma okwenzeka kuyo;
• Ukushisa kwegesi encibilikisiwe kwenzeka kahle kakhulu ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo - ngomphumela ofanayo, uphethiloli kufanele ufuthwe ukuze uxube kangcono nomoya;
• Uma uhlelo lokuhlinzekwa ngophethiloli luhluleka, ungasebenzisa olunye njengesipele. Imvamisa, le nketho iba usizo lapho igesi esesilinda iphela, futhi kusesekude kakhulu ukufaka uphethiloli. Kuliqiniso, kulokhu kubalulekile ukuthi ithangi legesi nalo ligcwaliswe;
• Uma imoto ifakwe okokusebenza kwe-LPG ngaphezu kwesizukulwane sesi-2, khona-ke i-control unit ishintsha uhlelo lukaphethiloli ngokuzenzakalela kusuka kugesi kuya kuphethiloli, okwandisa ibanga ngaphandle kokufaka uphethiloli (yize lokhu kuzothinta inani eliphelele likaphethiloli);
• Lapho kusha igesi, zimbalwa izinto ezingcolisayo ezikhishelwa emoyeni.

Ezimweni eziningi, i-HBO ifakwa ngezizathu zomnotho, hhayi ezinye izizathu. Noma kunezinzuzo eziningi zobuchwepheshe kulokhu. Ngakho-ke, ukushintsha uphethiloli uye kuphethiloli futhi okuphambene nalokho kukuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele injini yokusebenza emakhazeni - ukuyifudumeza kahle. Kunzima kakhulu ukukwenza lokhu ngegesi, ngoba izinga layo lokushisa lingama-40 degrees ngaphansi kuka-zero. Ukuze uvumelane nophethiloli ohlukile womlilo ongcono kusilinda, udinga ukufudunyezwa kancane.

Ngale njongo, ipayipi legatsha lohlelo lokupholisa injini lixhunywe kwisinciphisi sokufakwa kwegesi. Lapho i-antifreeze ekuso ifudumala, izinga lokushisa kwegesi elibandayo esikhawini liyakhuphuka kancane, okwenza kube lula ukubasa enjinini.

Uma imoto idlula isitifiketi semvelo, isivivinyo senjini yomlilo yangaphakathi sizodlula ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kepha ngeyunithi kaphethiloli ngaphandle okudala nophethiloli onama-octane amaningi, lokhu kunzima ukukufeza.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-HBO ngezizukulwane

Imishini yegesi ivuselelwa njalo kulandela ukwenziwa kwezimoto zesimanjemanje kanye nokuqiniswa kwamazinga okukhipha umoya. Kunezizukulwane eziyisi-6, kodwa ezi-3 kuphela zazo ezihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye, izizukulwane ezi-3 ezisele ziphakathi. 

Isizukulwane sokuqala

Isizukulwane sokuqala sisebenzisa i-propane-butane noma i-methane. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zemishini iyisilinda kanye ne-evaporator. Igesi igcwaliswa ngama-valve ingene kusilinda, bese ingena ku-evaporator, lapho idlulela endaweni yomhwamuko (futhi i-methane iyafudumala), ngemva kwalokho igesi idlule kusinciphisi, esikhipha umjovo ngokuya ngengcindezi ukudla okuningi.

Esizukulwaneni sokuqala, amayunithi ahlukene we-evaporator ne-reducer aqale asetshenziswa, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi amayunithi ahlanganiswa aba yindlu eyodwa. 

U-gearbox wesizukulwane sokuqala usebenza ngokuzihlanza kokuphindaphindwayo kokungenisa, lapho lapho kuvulwa khona i-valve yokungenisa, igesi imunca isilinda nge-carburetor noma i-mixer. 

Isizukulwane sokuqala sinezinkinga: ukucindezelwa njalo kohlelo, okuholela kupops nomlilo, ukuqala kwenjini enzima, ukulungiswa kwenhlanganisela njalo kuyadingeka.

Isizukulwane sokuqala

Isizukulwane sesibili sashintshwa kancane. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kweyokuqala ukuba khona kwe-valve ye-solenoid esikhundleni se-vacuum eyodwa. Manje ungakwazi ukushintsha phakathi kukaphethiloli negesi ngaphandle kokushiya ikhabethe, kwaba nokwenzeka ukuqala injini ngegesi. Kodwa umehluko omkhulu wukuthi kwaba nokwenzeka ukufaka isizukulwane 2 izimoto umjovo nge umjovo basakaza.

Isizukulwane sokuqala

Esinye sesimanje sesizukulwane sokuqala, esikhumbuza i-mono-injector. Isinciphisi sasifakwa nge-othomathikhi yokunikezela ngegesi, ethatha imininingwane kusuka kunzwa ye-oxygen, futhi nge-stepper motor ilawula inani legesi. Kuvele inzwa yokushisa, engavumeli ukushintshela kuphethiloli kuze kube yilapho injini ifudumala. 

Ngenxa yokufunda kwe-oxygen sensor, i-HBO-3 ihlangabezana nezidingo ze-Euro-2, ngakho-ke ifakwe kuphela ku-injector. Njengamanje, amakhithi wesizukulwane sesithathu awavamile ukutholakala ezimakethe zokuthengisela. 

 Isizukulwane sokuqala

Uhlelo olusha ngokuyisisekelo, oluvame ukufakwa ezimotweni ezijova ngomjovo oqondile osatshalalisiwe. 

Umgomo wokusebenza ukuthi isinciphisi segesi sinengcindezi engapheli, futhi manje igesi igeleza ngemibhobho (ngayinye isilinda) iye kokuphindaphindwayo kokudla. Imishini ifakwe uphiko lokulawula olulawula umzuzu wokujova kanye nenani legesi. Uhlelo lusebenza ngokuzenzakalela: lapho ifinyelela izinga lokushisa lenjini, igesi iyaqala ukusebenza, kepha kunethuba lokutholakala kwegesi okuphoqelelwe ngenkinobho evela esalon.

I-HBO-4 ilula ngoba ukuxilongwa nokulungiswa kuka-gearbox kanye nama-injector kwenziwa ngesoftware, amathuba amaningi wokusetha okubanzi avulekile. 

Imishini ye-Methane inomklamo ofanayo, kuphela enezinto eziqinisiwe ngenxa yomehluko wengcindezi (ye-methane, ingcindezi iphindwe izikhathi eziyishumi kune-propane).

Isizukulwane sokuqala

Isizukulwane esilandelayo sishintshile emhlabeni jikelele ngokuhlobene nesesine. Igesi lihlinzekwa kubajovo ngendlela ewuketshezi, futhi uhlelo lwathola iphampu yalo edonsa ingcindezi engapheli. Lolu uhlelo oluthuthuke kakhulu kuze kube manje. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko:

• ikhono lokuqala kalula injini ebandayo kugesi
• akukho ukunciphisa
• akukho ukuphazamiseka nohlelo lokupholisa
• ukusetshenziswa kwegesi ezingeni likaphethiloli
• amapayipi epulasitiki aphezulu asetshenziswa njengomugqa
• amandla azinzile wenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

Kwamaphutha, kuphela izindleko ezibizayo zemishini nokufakwa okuphawulwayo.

Isizukulwane sokuqala

Kunzima ukuthenga i-HBO-6 ngokwehlukana, ngisho naseYurophu. Kufakwe ezimotweni ezinomjovo oqondile, lapho igesi nophethiloli zihamba khona kulayini owodwa kaphethiloli, bese zifaka amasilinda ngemijovo efanayo. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko:

• imishini eyengeziwe engezansi
• amandla azinzile futhi alinganayo ezinhlotsheni ezimbili zikaphethiloli
• ukugeleza okulinganayo
• izindleko zensiza ezingabizi
• ubungane bemvelo.

Izindleko zesethi yemishini ye-turnkey yi-1800-2000 euros. 

Idivayisi yohlelo lwe-HBO

Kunezizukulwane eziningana zemishini yegesi. Zihlukile kwezinye izinto, kepha isakhiwo esiyisisekelo asihlali sishintshiwe. Izinto ezisemqoka zazo zonke izinhlelo ze-LPG:

• Isokhethi lokuxhuma umlomo wombhobho wokugcwalisa;
• Idamu elinengcindezi ephezulu. Ubukhulu bayo buxhomeke kubukhulu bemoto nendawo yokufaka. Kungaba "ithebhulethi" esikhundleni sesondo eliyisipele noma isilinda esezingeni;
• Umugqa wokucindezela okuphezulu - uxhuma zonke izinto ohlelweni olulodwa;
• Inkinobho yokuguqula (izinguqulo zesizukulwane sokuqala nesesibili) noma inkinobho ezenzakalelayo (isizukulwane sesine nangaphezulu). Le element ishintsha i-solenoid valve, esika umugqa owodwa komunye futhi ivimbele okuqukethwe kwayo ekuxubaneni nohlelo lwamafutha;
• I-wiring isetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa inkinobho yokulawula (noma switch) ne-solenoid valve, futhi kumamodeli athuthukile, ugesi usetshenziswa kuma-sensors ahlukene nemibhobho;
• Ku-reducer, igesi ihlanzwa ngokungcola ngesihlungi esihle;
• Izinguquko zakamuva ze-LPG zine-injectors neyunithi yokulawula.

Izakhi eziyinhloko

Isethi yemishini ye-LPG inezinto ezilandelayo: 

• umhwamuko - iguqula igesi ibe yisimo se-vapor, inciphisa ukucindezela kwayo ezingeni lomoya
• ukunciphisa - kunciphisa ukucindezela, ukuguqula igesi kusuka oketshezini kuya kwegesi ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa nesistimu yokupholisa. Isebenza nge-vacuum noma i-electromagnetic, inezikulufu zokulungisa inani legesi
• igesi valve solenoid - kuvala ukunikezwa kwegesi ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-carburetor noma i-injector, kanye nalapho injini imisiwe
• uphethiloli solenoid valve - ikuvumela ukuthi uvimbele ukunikezwa kwegesi nophethiloli ngasikhathi sinye, i-emulator inesibopho salokhu ku-injector
• shintsha - efakwe ku-cabin, inenkinobho yokushintsha okuphoqelekile phakathi kukaphethiloli, kanye nenkomba yokukhanya kwezinga legesi ethangini
• imvuvi - iyunithi ebalulekile efakwe kusilinda. Kuhlanganisa ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli kanye nevalvu yokugeleza, kanye nezinga legesi. Uma kwenzeka ukucindezela okweqile, i-multivalve yopha igesi emkhathini
• ibhaluni - isitsha, i-cylindrical noma i-toroidal, ingenziwa ngensimbi evamile, i-alloyed, i-aluminium ene-composite winding noma izinto ezihlanganisiwe. Njengomthetho, ithangi aligcwaliswa ngaphezu kuka-80% wevolumu yalo ukuze likwazi ukwandisa igesi ngaphandle kokunyuka okukhulu kwengcindezi.

Sisebenza kanjani isikimu se-HBO

Igesi ephuma kusilinda ingena ku-valve yokuhlunga, ehlanza uphethiloli ekungcoleni, iphinde ivimbe ukuphakelwa kwegesi lapho kudingeka. Ngokusebenzisa ipayipi, igesi lingena ku-evaporator, lapho ingcindezi incipha isuka ku-16 iye ku-1 atmosphere. Ukupholisa okunamandla kwegesi kubangela ukuthi isinciphisi simise iqhwa, ngakho-ke sishiswa yisipholisi senjini. Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-vacuum, nge-dispenser, igesi lingena ku-mixer, bese lingena kumasilinda wenjini.

Ibala isikhathi sokukhokha se-HBO

Ukufakwa kwe-HBO kuzokhokhela umnikazi wemoto ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kuthonywa yilezi zici:

• Imodi yokusebenza kwezimoto - uma imoto isetshenziselwa ukuhamba okuncane futhi kuyaqabukela iya emgwaqeni omkhulu, khona-ke umshayeli wemoto kuzodingeka alinde isikhathi eside kakhulu ukuthi ukufakwa kuzokhokha ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi zegesi uma kuqhathaniswa nophethiloli. Umphumela ohlukile ubonwa ezimotweni ezihamba amabanga amade ngemodi "yomgwaqo omkhulu" futhi ezingasetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Esimweni sesibili, kudliwa igesi encane kulo mzila, okuqhubeka nokwandisa ukonga;
• Izindleko zokufaka imishini yegesi. Uma ukufakwa kugibele ukubambisana kwegaraji, khona-ke kulula kakhulu ukufika enkosini yaseKrivoruky, okuthi, ngenxa yokonga kwayo, ifake imishini esetshenzisiwe ngentengo entsha. Lokhu kuyethusa ikakhulukazi esimweni samasilinda, ngoba anempilo yawo yokuphila. Ngalesi sizathu, kunamacala ezingozi ezimbi ezibandakanya imoto lapho kuqhume khona ibhaluni. Kodwa abanye babo bavumelana ngamabomu ukufakwa kwemishini ethengwa ngesandla. Kulokhu, ukufakwa kuzovuma ngokushesha ukutshalwa kwezimali, kepha-ke kuzofaka ukulungiswa okubizayo, ngokwesibonelo, ukufaka esikhundleni se-multivalve noma isilinda;
• Isizukulwane HBO. Ukukhuphuka kwesizukulwane, kuzosebenza ngokuzinzile nangokwethenjelwa (ubuningi besizukulwane sesibili bufakwa emishinini ye-carburetor), kepha ngasikhathi sinye inani lokufakwa nokulungiswa kwemishini nalo liyakhuphuka;
• Kuyafaneleka futhi ukubheka ukuthi uphethiloli osebenzisa injini uphethroli onjani - ukonga kuwo wonke amakhilomitha ayi-100 kuzoya ngalokhu.

Nayi ividiyo emfushane yokuthi ungabala kanjani masinyane ukuthi ukufakwa kwegesi kuzokhokha ngamakhilomitha amangaki ngenxa kaphethiloli oshibhile:

Ukufakwa kwe-LPG kuzokhokha malini? Ake sibale ndawonye.

Izinzuzo nokungalungi

Imishini yebhaluni yegesi iyindaba yeminyaka eminingi yezingxabano phakathi kwabamelene nabo kanye nabalandeli bamanye amafutha. Izimpikiswano eziyinhloko ezivuna abangabazayo:

• iya ngokuba nzima imoto 
• kuncishiswe isikhala sesiqu
• insizakalo iyadingeka
• amandla ancishisiwe nokusetshenziswa okuphezulu (ezizukulwaneni zokuqala ezi-4)
• amathuba okuqhuma kwegesi.

Amapulangwe:

• ukonga kwangempela kufika ku-40%
• ukusebenza ngokulinganayo kokushisa kwenjini
• uwoyela wenjini nopholisayo akunagciwane elingaphansi
• ukwanda kwamandla kagesi.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Yini efakiwe kumishini ye-LPG? I-cylinder yegesi, i-valve ye-balloon, i-multivalve, idivayisi yokugcwalisa kude, i-reducer-evaporator (ilawula ukucindezela kwegesi), lapho isihlungi sikaphethiloli sifakwe khona.

Iyini imishini ye-LPG? Ingenye isistimu yamafutha emoto. ihambisana kuphela ne-petroli powertrains. Igesi isetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa iyunithi yamandla.

Imishini ye-LPG isebenza kanjani emotweni? Kusuka kusilinda, igesi ewuketshezi iphonswa kusinciphisi (ayikho impompo yamafutha edingekayo). Igesi ingena ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-carburetor noma injector, isuka lapho ifakwa khona kumasilinda.