Yini ibhande lesikhathi futhi uluthi lokukhetha ini?

Isondlo asiqediwe ngaphandle kokuhlola futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukufaka esikhundleni sebhande lesikhathi. Abakhiqizi abaningi bezimoto baphoqa umnikazi wemoto ukuthi abuyisele le nto lapho imoto entsha idlula ibanga elibekiwe.

Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ukuthi isifinyezo sesikhathi simi kanjani, kungani le nto idingeka enjinini yomlilo yangaphakathi, okugcwele ukuqhekeka kwayo, lapho kudinga ukushintshwa okusha, ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani ibhande elifanele.

Liyini ibhande lesikhathi emotweni?

Emotweni, ibhande lesikhathi liyisici sendandatho evaliwe. Ingxenye yenziwe ngenjoloba yobuchwepheshe. Ingxenye yangaphakathi iqiniswa ngemicu yokwenziwa evimbela into ukuthi yeluleke futhi inyuse ukuqina komkhiqizo. Ngaphandle, ibhande libushelelezi, kanti ngaphakathi kukhona amazinyo.

Le nto ibizwa nangokuthi ibhande lokushayela. Injini ngayinye inezilinganiso zayo futhi ngakho-ke ifakwe ububanzi bebhande elithile. Kukhona nezimoto ezisebenzisa uchungechunge esikhundleni sebhande lenjoloba. Ekubuyekezweni okuhlukile isitshela ngamamodeli ezimoto analolu hlobo lokushayela.

Ngawo-1950, izimoto eziningi zazisebenzisa uchungechunge, kodwa lolu hlobo lwe-timing drive lwalunomsindo kakhulu futhi lwalusinda. Ukuze usebenze, udinga i-damper nesicathulo sokuqina. Lezi zinto zenze ukuthi injini yenjini ibe yinkimbinkimbi futhi isindise, okuthinte izici ezinamandla zemoto.

Lapho abenzi bezimoto bezama ukufaka i-chain drive nge-belt drive, ekuqaleni abashayeli abayithathi ngomdlandla othile. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ibhande lesikhathi lifakazele ukusebenza kwalo: injini seyithule kakhulu, kulula futhi ishibhile ukuyinakekela.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ibhande lenzelwe ini, kufanele uqale uqonde ukuthi isikhathi siyini.

Isikhathi siyindlela yokwabiwa kwegesi, efakwe emayunithi amaningi wamanje wamandla ekhanda lesilinda. Idizayinelwe ukwabiwa okufanele kwezigaba (ukungena / ukukhipha) kusilinda ngayinye yenjini. Imininingwane yokuthi isikhathi se-valve siyini, ichaziwe kokunye ukubuyekeza... Lo mshini uvula futhi uvale ama-valve wokudla nawokukhipha usebenzisa i-camshaft (yokulungiselela nokusebenza kwale ngxenye, funda lapha).

Kukhona 3 ukuguqulwa kwalezi zinqubo. Zihlukile komunye nomunye endaweni ye-camshaft nama-valve. Lezi yizinhlobo zamadrayivu:

1. Ama-valve atholakala ekhanda lesilinda kanti i-camshaft ingezansi kwenjini. Ukwenza i-valve timing, i-camshaft iqhuba ama-valve ezandleni ze-rocker bese iphusha izinduku. Ukuguqulwa okunjalo kwesikhathi akuvumeli ukuthuthukiswa kwezinguquko ezinkulu ze-crankshaft, ngenxa yokuthi amandla wenjini yomlilo wangaphakathi ahlupheka.
2. Amaphayiphu atholakala ezansi kwebhokisi lesilinda futhi amapuleti abheke phezulu. Kulokhu, i-camshaft nayo izotholakala ezansi kwenjini, futhi ama-cams asevele eshayela ama-valve uqobo. Lezi zimoto zinohlelo lukaphethiloli oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, olwenza kube nzima ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kweyunithi.
3. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwezindlela zesikhathi ezine-camshaft ephezulu nama-valve (ekhanda lesilinda). I-camshaft eyodwa ingasebenza kuwo wonke ama-valve noma kuphela ama-valve wokudla noma wokuqeda. Kukhona ukulungiswa lapho cams cindezela izingalo rocker, kanye ngqo valve.

Akunandaba ukuthi luhlobo luni lwendlela yokusabalalisa igesi esetshenziswa enjinini, inqubo yayo yokusebenza iyafana - ukuvula i-valve ehambisanayo ngesikhathi lapho i-piston yenza ukukhipha noma ukukhipha unyawo (iyini imivimbo yenjini, kuchazwa lapha). Isikhathi sokuvula i-valve sibuye sincike kwimodi yokusebenza kwenjini. Isigaba shifter sisetshenziswa ezinjinini zesimanje.

Uma indlela yesikhathi ingalungiselelwe kahle, injini izobe ingazinzile kahle. Esimweni esibi kakhulu, ngeke kusebenze.

Likuphi ibhande lesikhathi emotweni?

Isikhathi sesibhande sisehlangothini oluphambene ne-flywheel (kuyini nokuthi yikuphi ukuguqulwa okukhona, funda lapha). Ilingana ngaphezu kwe-crankshaft ne-camshaft pulleys. Zingenziwa ngesimo samagiya abanzi noma ama-pulleys ajwayelekile. Esimweni sokuqala, ngokungezwani kwebhande elibuthakathaka, ngeke ishelele, ngenxa yalokho izilungiselelo zesikhathi se-valve zizohlala.

Imichilo yokuqala yaqiniswa ngezinkantolo zensimbi, kepha ukuguqulwa okunwebeka kakhulu yilezo ezinemicu yokwenziwa. Injoloba iqinisekisa umsindo omncane wale ngxenye. Ngaphandle kokuklanywa kwama-pulleys we-motor drive, ibhande lihlala linamazinyo, eliqinisekisa ukunamathela okuhle kakhulu ebusweni bezingxenye.

Ngaphezu kokufakwa kuma-camshafts nakuma-crankshafts, leli bhande liphinde lixhumane neyunithi nokunye okunamathiselwe, njengepompo. Zonke ezinye izindlela zixhunywe emotweni zisebenzisa amabhande azo.

Ngokwesakhiwo, kuzoba lula ukuxhuma zonke izindlela ngebhande elilodwa, kepha lokhu kuzonciphisa kakhulu impilo yenkonzo yale nto. Akunandaba ukuthi hlobo luni lwezimoto, abenzi bezimoto bakwenze kwaba lula ngangokunokwenzeka ukufinyelela ibhande ukuze kube lula ukulibheka nokufaka elinye esikhundleni salo.

Imodeli ngayinye yemoto inebhande layo lesikhathi, ngoba ukwakheka kwezinjini kuhlukile. Esimweni ngasinye, ubukhulu bendandatho buzohluka. Ukuqinisekisa amandla aphakeme wokulungisa le nto emapulini, kuyaxinwa kusetshenziswa iroli ekhethekile (evame ukuthengiswa ngebhande).

Liyini ibhande lesikhathi le-

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwenjini, inhlanganisela esivele ilungisiwe yomoya nophethiloli, noma umoya kuphela (uma injini ifakwe umjovo oqondile), ingena kwisilinda ngamaphayiphu. Ukuze i-valve ngayinye ivule futhi ivalwe ngesikhathi, indlela yokusabalalisa igesi kufanele ivumelaniswe nokusebenza i-crankshaft.

Lo msebenzi wenziwa ibhande lokushayela. Umsebenzi owengeziwe wale nto ukuqinisekisa ukusakazwa okuqhubekayo kokupholisa ohlelweni lokupholisa (uma ukwakhiwa kwenjini kuhlinzekela ukusebenza ngokuhlanganyela kwalezi zinqubo). Ngenkathi injini isebenza, ibhande lizungezisa impeller. Futhi, kuma-motors amaningi, isekhethi yedrayivu ye-ICE ifaka nokuvumelanisa kwepompo kawoyela.

Inhloso nomgomo wokusebenza wedivayisi

Ngakho-ke, njengoba ubona, ukusebenza kokuvumelanisa komshini wokusabalalisa igesi kanye ne-crankshaft kuncike ebhandeni lesikhathi. Endleleni, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwepompo yamanzi nepompo kawoyela. Isebenza kanjani i-elementi?

Ngenxa yokuzibandakanya okuqinile kuwo wonke ama-pulleys adingekayo ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, lapho imoto iqala ukusebenza, i-starter iphendulela iflwishi, okwenza ukuthi i-crankshaft ijikeleze. Umshini we-crank uqala ukuhambisa ama-piston ngaphakathi kwamasilinda.

Ngaso leso sikhathi, i-torque idluliselwa ebhandeni lesikhathi futhi ngalo liye ku-camshaft pulley. Okwamanje, ama-valve aqala ukuvula nokuvala ngokuhambisana nokuthi yikuphi ukushaywa okwenziwa kumasilinda.

Impompo yempompo yamanzi iqala ukuzungeza ngokuvumelanayo, futhi idrayivu yepompo kawoyela iyasebenza. Inzwa yesikhundla se-Crankshaft (iyini nokuthi inomsebenzi onjani, iyasitshela lapha) ilungisa ukuma kwepiston kusilinda sokuqala futhi isebenzise inqubo yokwakheka kwenhlansi ohlelweni lokuthungela. Ingxenye entsha yenhlanganisela kaphethiloli womoya ingena kumasilinda ngamaphayiphu okuvula. Umfutho usetshenziselwa ikhandlela elihambisanayo, futhi i-BTC iyakhanya. Iyunithi bese ligijima ngaphandle kosizo lokuqala.

Uma ibhande lishibilika, ukuvumelanisa kweqembu le-cylinder-piston nesikhathi se-valve kuzophazamiseka. Kulokhu, ama-valve ngeke avulwe ngokuya ngemivimbo yezimoto. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwezimoto nezinga lokwephulwa kwalezi zilungiselelo, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi izosebenza ngokungazinzi noma ngokuma ngokuphelele. Ngalesi sizathu, kuyadingeka ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile uhlole ukungezwani kweringi yokushayela.

Incazelo yamagama esikhathi sebhande

Njengoba sekushiwo, imoto ngayinye inebhande layo. Ukuvimbela umshayeli ukuba angadideki ingxenye, kukhona ukumakwa komkhiqizo ngaphandle. Nakhu okulotshiwe ngakunye kwabo. Ngezinombolo, umenzi ubhala ngemfihlo inani lamazinyo, iphimbo lawo nephrofayili, kanye nobubanzi bomkhiqizo. Ngokusho kokumakwa kwamazwe ngamazwe (i-ISO), ukubekwa kwamabhande kungachazwa kanjena:

92147x19 - 92 (iphrofayili yamazinyo); 147 (inani lamazinyo); 19 (ububanzi).

Ebhande uqobo kungahle kube nombhalo olandelayo: 163 RU 25.4 24315 42200 CR. Inombolo yokuqala ifana nenani lamazinyo, eyesibili nobubanzi bomkhiqizo. Zonke ezinye izikhundla ziveza imininingwane ephathelene nephrofayili yamazinyo neminye imingcele.

Ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kufanele kunikezwe incazelo yangempela. Ibhande lingamakwa ngeCR, HNBR noma i-EPDM. Ngamunye wabo ukhombisa impahla umkhiqizo owenziwe ngayo:

• CR - chloroprene. Kuyinto zokwenziwa injoloba. Indaba ibekezelela izinguquko zezulu kahle, ayishisi. Uma imoto ivame ukuhamba emigwaqweni enothuli, kufanele unake le nto, ngoba inyuse ukumelana nokuhuzuka. Ukumelana nophethiloli onolaka nowoyela wenjini. Ibanga lokushisa elisebenzayo lisuka ku -40 liye ku-+160 degrees.
• I-RPDM irabha elise-ethylene-propylene-diene. Kubuye futhi kube uhlobo lwenjoloba yokwenziwa. Izinto zingagcinwa isikhathi eside. Iyamelana nokuhuzuka namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Kubekezelela kabi ukuxhumana nemikhiqizo kawoyela. Ububanzi bezinga lokushisa busuka ku- -40 kuye ku- +150 degrees.
• I-HNBR - Irabha Elimelana Nezinga Lokushisa Eliphezulu (Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Elastomer). Indaba ibekezelela ukuthintana namakhemikhali asetshenziswa ezimotweni kahle. Ngokuya ngenani le-acrylonitrile, umkhiqizo uyakwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa esibi, kepha ngasikhathi sinye awumelani nemiphumela yemikhiqizo kawoyela. Ibanga lokushisa liphakathi kuka -50 no-+160 degrees. Lokhu kuyinto ebiza kakhulu yamabhande esikhathi.

Ezincwadini zobuchwepheshe zomshini, ungathola amapharamitha adingekayo emoto ethile. Ngaphezu kwe-geometry yebhande, ukumelana nokugqoka komkhiqizo kubuye kube yipharamitha ebalulekile. Lapho uthenga ibhande elisha, udinga ukucabangela lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• Kumele ikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo esindayo futhi imelane namandla aqine kakhulu;
• Kumele igcine izindawo zayo, kokubili eqhweni nasehlobo elishisayo;
• Kumele imelane nokugqoka okusheshayo;
• Iphrofayili yamazinyo akufanele ishintshe kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yesevisi;
• Lapho yeluliwe, akufanele ilahlekelwe yimpahla yayo.

Ukuze unake zonke lezi zinto, kufanele uthenge imikhiqizo kubakhiqizi abaziwayo.

Izinhlobo zebhande lesikhathi

Ake sibheke ngokushesha izinhlobo ezivamile zamabhande wesikhathi. Sekukonke, kunezinguquko ezintathu zezinto ezinjalo:

• Ngamazinyo;
• Iphrofayili emise okomgexo;
• Iphrofayili emiswe nge-Poly-V.

Ezimotweni zesimanje kusetshenziswa amabhande esikhathi. Izinhlobo ezisele zamaphrofayli azibonisanga kangako njengamabhande wokushayela wemoto, kepha izinhlobo ezifanayo zisetshenziselwa ukusebenza, isibonelo, i-generator noma i-compressor.

Ngokuqondene nephrofayili yamazinyo, kunezinhlobo zazo eziningi. Ngamunye wabo unezici zawo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo injongo yawo. Imishini ejwayelekile isebenzisa ibhande lamazinyo trapezoidal. Kunamabhande anamazinyo ayindilinga. Inhloso yabo ukuvumelanisa izindlela zophiko olunamandla amakhulu. Amayunithi anjalo kagesi ane-torque eningi, engasheshe iphele amazinyo ebhande elijwayelekile.

Ungahlola nini ibhande lesikhathi?

Imvamisa akudingekile ukuhlola isimo sebhande njalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukugcinwa okuhleliwe kwemoto kunikeziwe. Uhlu lwemisebenzi esikhathini ngasinye sokugijima lufaka imisebenzi ehlukile. Ngesinye isikhathi phakathi nawo wonke umjikelezo womsebenzi, kwenziwa ibhande elihleliwe, futhi sonke isikhathi, izinduna zimane zihlole isimo salokhu nezinye izinto zomshini.

Kufanele kuqhutshwe isheke elingahleliwe lebhande lokushayela uma kwenzeka ukuphuka kwemoto ethile, ngokwesibonelo, kwaqhuma ipayipi lohlelo lokupholisa, futhi i-antifreeze yangena ku-timing drive. Kulokhu, emva kwesikhathi esifushane, kufanele futhi uhlole isimo sezinye izingxenye zenjoloba lapho kuchitheke khona uketshezi (noma uwoyela, uma umshayeli echitheka ngephutha kuyunithi). Amakhemikhali akha i-antifreeze, uwoyela wenjini nophethiloli kungabhubhisa imikhiqizo yenjoloba.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwenjini, amandla ayo nemodeli yemoto, ukushintshwa kwebhande okuhleliwe kwenziwa ngemuva kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-60-160.

Esinye isizathu sokuhlola njalo isimo sale nto kulapho imoto iqaliswa kusuka ku-pusher. Kulokhu, ibhande lenza umsebenzi wokuqalisa, okungeyona eyemvelo engxenyeni enjalo, ngoba lapho injini iqalwa ngale ndlela, umthwalo omkhulu ufakwa ebhandeni kunangesikhathi sokuqala okujwayelekile. Lesi yisizathu esibalulekile sokuthi kungani kufanele uqaphe isimo sebhethri (ukugcinwa kokuphakelwa kukagesi nokusebenza kwawo okulungile kuchazwe ku- lapha).

Ungaqonda kanjani ukuthi udinga ukushintsha ibhande lesikhathi

Kuvamile ukuthi ibhande liphume ngaphandle kokuyisebenzisa yonke insiza yokusebenza, yize umenzi ebeka imvamisa yokuyishintsha ngemajini elincane. Ngalesi sizathu, izincomo zabakhiqizi akuzona kuphela izinqubo okufanele ziqondiswe kuzo.

Ngenkathi ukuhlolwa okubukwayo kuyindlela engcono yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhande lesikhathi lisesimweni esihle, livikelwe ngendwangu. Ukuvikela akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukususa, ngakho-ke kuyasiza ukugxila kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• Ngaphezu kwe-mileage, iminyaka yomkhiqizo nayo ibalulekile. Akufanele usebenzise ibhande ebelisemotweni iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-7 (lokhu kwenzeka lapho imoto ingavamisile ukuhamba). Imikhiqizo yenjoloba inempilo yayo eshalofini, ngemuva kwalokho umkhiqizo ulahlekelwa yizakhiwo zawo.
• Lapho ukungasebenzi kahle kwaqala ukuvela ohlelweni lokushisa, kepha ukuthungela uqobo kusebenza kahle. Lo mphumela ungavela lapho amazinyo eqa kakhulu ku-pulley. Ngokungasebenzi kahle okunjalo, imoto ingaphindeka kathathu (ngezinye izizathu, funda ngokwehlukana) noma ungaqali nhlobo.
• Ukuvela okungazelelwe komusi ovela kumbhobho wokukhipha. Vele, kunezizathu eziningi zalo mphumela (funda ngezinye zazo lapha), kodwa nesikhathi kuhlotshaniswa neqiniso lokuthi uma isikhathi nesikhathi se-valve kungahambisani, uphethiloli awushisi ngokuphelele, okwenza i-catalyst ihlupheke, futhi lapho ingekho, izinhlayiya ezingashiswanga zisendaweni enkulu ekuqothulweni.
• Ukugqoka okunzima emazinyweni kungadala ukuchofoza imisindo evela ngaphansi kwe-hood. Kodwa-ke, ukungatholi ipompo, i-generator neminye imishini nakho kunomthelela onjalo.
• Lapho uphawu lwe-crankshaft oil selugugile, uwoyela uyangena kuwo bese ungena ku-pulley. Uma izinga likawoyela ku-sump lihla njalo (lihlolwe nge-dipstick), kepha akukho ntuthu ephuzi ephuma emontweni, futhi ibala likawoyela elincane livela njalo ngaphansi kwemoto, kufanele unake uphawu lwe-crankshaft uwoyela bese ushintsha ibhande ngemuva kokulungiswa, ngoba selivele lahlangana ne-lubricant.
• Uma ikhava yebhande ingasuswa kalula, ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwento yokushayela kungenziwa. Ngaphambi kokwenza ukuxilongwa okunjalo, udinga ukukhipha amakhandlela ukuze ukuvula i-flywheel kungaqali injini (uma ukuthungela kuvulwe ngengozi). Uma kutholakala imifantu nokugqokwa okusindayo, leyo ngxenye kumele ishintshwe ngokushesha okukhulu.

Hlobo luni lokuwohloka olungenzeka ngebhande lesikhathi?

Nazi izindlela ezejwayelekile zokuphuka kwebhande:

1. Ukukhululwa kwempikiswano. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuwohloka kwemvelo komkhiqizo. Imvamisa, le pharamitha ihlolwa cishe engxenyeni yempilo yento.
2. Ukufakwa kwamazinyo okusheshisiwe. Le nkinga ivame ukwenzeka kumabhande ashubile ngokweqile. Uma kungenziwanga lutho, ibhande lizophuka ezimweni eziningi.
3. Ukungena kwezinto zangaphandle kudrayivu yesikhathi. Lokhu akuvamile ukwenzeka, kepha kusenzeka kulolu hlu. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, into kufanele isuswe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
4. Amazinyo ashelela ku-pulley. Ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo kungumphumela wokungena kukawoyela emazinyweni noma ukungezwani kahle kwebhande. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ngezinga elingasho lutho, imoto izoqhubeka nokusebenza, kodwa hhayi ngokusebenza kahle okufanayo. Isizathu ukuthi ukuvumelanisa izigaba nemijikelezo yewashi akusasebenzi. Uma amazinyo eshelela kakhulu, injini ingaphuka ngenxa yamapiston ashaya i-valve.
5. Idler roller wedge. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho uthenga umkhiqizo oshibhile noma ungakunaki ukushintshwa kwawo.
6. Ibhande eliphukile. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwemoto, le nkinga ingaba imbangela yokulimala okuhlukahlukene kuyunithi yamandla. Izinjini eziningi zanamuhla zilimala kabi ngenxa yebhande lesikhathi esiphukile.

Ake sicabangele ukuwohloka kokugcina kabanzi.

Kwenzekani uma ibhande lesikhathi liphuka

Isikhathi se-valve kufanele silungiswe ukuze ama-valve avaliwe lapho i-piston isendaweni ephezulu efile. Uma kulo mzuzu i-valve ivulekile, ipiston izoyishaya futhi igobise isiqu sayo. Lapho ibhande lenjini yemoto liphuka, ukuthintana kwalezi zingxenye ezimbili kuma-motors amaningi akunakugwenywa, ngoba alikho i-torque elinikezwa kushaft timing (ama-valve aqhwa endaweni evulekile), kepha i-crankshaft iyaqhubeka nokuzungeza nge-inertia.

Ukuze kuqedwe le nkinga, abanye abakhiqizi bakhiqize ubujamo obukhethekile bama-piston, onqenqema abalandela imingcele yamadiski e-valve, ukuze kuthi lapho ibhande lesikhathi liphuka, izinduku zingagobi. Kepha ama-ICE amaningi anama-piston akudala.

Ukuqhuma kwento yokushayela isikhathi ezimweni eziningi kuholela enhlokodolobha yeyunithi yamandla kagesi: ama-valve bend, ukuphuka kwamapiston, futhi kwezinye izimo (ngokwesibonelo, ezinjinini zikadizili) kuphuka ngisho izingxenye zendlela yokuphamba. Izindleko zokukhokhelwa okukhulu zivame ukufaniswa nengxenye yentengo yemoto efanayo emakethe yangemuva.

Kepha kaningi isigaxa se-roller tension siholela ekulimaleni okukhulu kweyunithi. Kulokhu, ibhande kungenzeka lingaphuli, kepha kuzonqunywa amazinyo amaningana, futhi injini yomlilo yangaphakathi uqobo ibhekene nokugcwala okukhulu. Ngaphezu kokulimala kwama-valve nama-piston, i-crank mechanism ingagoba.

Njengoba kunikezwe okungenhla, wonke umshayeli wemoto udinga ukusithatha ngokungathi sína isikhathi sokushintshwa kwebhande.

Isimo sangaphandle somkhiqizo singatshela ngalokhu okulandelayo:

• Inkantolo yezinyembezi noma eyethuli - ukungezwani okweqile;
• Izinyo elisikiwe (noma eziningana) - isici sinwebekile kancane;
• Ukuzivocavoca kuwo wonke amazinyo - kuqiniswe ngokungafanele;
• Inani elikhulu lokuqhekeka - ingxenye yakudala noma isetshenziswa kaningi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (aphezulu noma aphansi);
• Gqoka ibanga eliphakathi kwamazinyo - ukungezwani ngokweqile noma okunganele;
• Amabala kawoyela - ukugqokwa kophawu lwamafutha lwe-pulley;
• Izinto ezinzima kakhulu - indandatho isivele indala;
• Ukusebenzela ingxenye yokugcina - i-element is skewed;
• Idrayivu yenza umsindo omkhulu - ukungezwani okuhle.

Yenza ngokwakho ibhande lokulungisa isikhathi

Ungazishintshela le nto ngokwakho, kodwa ngombandela owodwa. Umshayeli kufanele azi kahle ukwakheka kwemoto yakhe. Ukuvumelanisa imivimbo nezigaba zenjini kungenye yezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi lapho udinga ukucubungula ubuqili obuningi. Uma ezimotweni ezindala umshini wesikhathi unedivayisi elula, khona-ke ama-shifter wesigaba nezinye izinhlelo zingafakwa kuma-motors wanamuhla, ngosizo lapho iyunithi ikwazi ukulungisa izindlela zayo zokusebenza.

Ukugwema amaphutha lapho ushintsha lesi sici, kufanelekile ukuxhumana nabachwepheshe abanekhono lokusebenza nezinjini ezithile. Ukwenza le nqubo ibe lula, abakhiqizi basebenzisa amamaki akhethekile ezindlini ezivimba izinjini nakuma-pulleys. Lapho wenza umsebenzi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zinothi zihambelana.

Umsebenzi wokulungisa wenziwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo:

• Ukufinyelela mahhala ebhandeni;
• I-crankshaft isethwe ngendlela yokuthi i-piston yesilinda yokuqala ibe ku-TDC;
• Naka amalebula. Kufanele bahambisane;
• Siqaqa indandatho endala bese sihlola izimvu zamanzi zikawoyela;
• Akudingekile ukushintsha ibhande kuphela. Ngakho-ke ukuze kungabikho zinkinga ngepompo kanye ne-roller tension, isethi yonke yesikhathi kufanele ishintshwe (ibhande kanye ne-tension roller, uma kungaphezu kweyodwa);
• Ukuhlanzeka kwamapulleys kuyabhekwa (kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungangcaki amamaki);
• Sifaka ibhande bese sililungisa nge-roller;
• Silungisa ukungezwani ngokuya ngezincomo zomkhiqizi. Ezimweni eziningi, ipharamitha eyinhloko ongabona ngayo ukuthi indandatho iqinile ngokwanele yile elandelayo. Engxenyeni ende kunazo zonke (kusuka empompa kuya kugiya le-camshaft), sizama ukuvula ibhande ngeminwe emibili. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi yenziwe ngama-degree angama-90, khona-ke i-element isolulwe ngokwanele.

Abanye abashayeli bazibuza ukuthi kufanele yini ukushintsha ipompo lamanzi lapho ufaka ibhande. Akudingekile ukwenza lokhu, kepha uma uhlelo lokushayela lusho nokudluliselwa kwe-torque kupompo, ngakho-ke ngenxa yokuzethemba kufanele ukwenze. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ipompo lamanzi eliphukile lingaminyana liphinde lidilize ukushayela. Kwezinye izimo, le ngxenye kufanele ithathelwe indawo lapho kutholakala ukuthi inephutha.

Ungalikhetha kanjani ibhande lesikhathi, okuhlanganisiwe nentengo

Lapho ukhetha iringi entsha yedrayivu, kuzodingeka unikeze okuncamelayo kokwangempela, hhayi ama-analogs. Ukushayela kwemboni kuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngokuya ngekhwalithi, izakhi zoqobo kuphela ezihambelana nazo. Izindleko zabo, yebo, ziphakeme kunezalingani zesabelomali, kepha kuzoba nokuqiniseka ukuthi iringi ngeke iqhume ngemuva kwamashumi ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ambalwa.

Ukuseshwa kwebhande elisha kufanele kwenziwe ngokubheka ikhodi ye-VIN yemoto. Uma kungekho lwazi ngemoto ethile ku-database, ungakhetha indandatho ngokuya ngemingcele yemoto (ukukhishwa, imishini, uhlobo lwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi). Ngokusho kwalezi nemingcele, hhayi kuphela izingxenye original akhethiwe, kodwa futhi analogue.

Ngaphambi kokuthenga umkhiqizo, kufanele uhlole usuku lokukhiqiza. Kungcono ukugcina imikhiqizo ingeyintsha - imikhiqizo enjoloba inempilo yayo yeshalofu. Ubuqili obuncane: ngesikhathi sokwenziwa, ibhande limakwa ngaphambi kokuthi liqedwe. Ngalesi sizathu, into ngayinye izoba nenombolo ehlukile.

Ngokuya ngomkhiqizi, amasongo wedrayivu athengiswa ngawodwana noma aphelele ngama-roller angama-idler. Njengoba sekushiwo, kungcono ukubuyisela ikhithi, hhayi ingxenye ngayinye ngokwehlukana. Uma kuphela ibhande lishintshiwe, lizolayisha ngokweqile iroli yokungezwani, ezophula lelo lesibili ngokushesha. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwayo kuzoholela ekugqokeni okusheshayo kwengxenye yenjoloba, ezodinga ukuthi iphinde ifakwe kabusha.

Umkhiqizi ngamunye wezingxenye zezimoto unenqubomgomo yakhe yamanani, kepha okwangempela kubiza kakhulu. Ngendlela, kuyizingxenye ezibizayo ezenziwe ngomgunyathi, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuthenga, kufanele unake ubukhona besitifiketi sekhwalithi somkhiqizi namaholograms abhalwe uphawu emaphaketheni.

Isilinganiso semikhiqizo ethandwayo yamabhande esikhathi

Nasi isilinganiso esincane sabakhiqizi ababandakanyeka ekwenziweni kwezakhi ze-timing drive:

Umkhiqizi:	Izindleko:	Amapulangwe:	nemibi:
Okwangempela	Kuya ngemodeli yemoto	Imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu. Abakhiqizi bezimoto kaningi banezigaba zabo ezenza izingxenye zezimoto zabo.	Isigaba somkhiqizo esibiza kakhulu.
ContiTech	Cishe ama-30 USD	Abenzi bezimoto basebenzisa le mikhiqizo ukulinganisa izimoto zabo ezimbonini. Impilo yeshalofu icishe ibe ngamaphesenti angama-30 ubude kunaleyo enconyelwe ukusetshenziswa, okunikeza amabhande ibanga elikhulu lokuphepha. Gqoka ukumelana nemithi. Ingaphakathi liphathwa nge-ejenti evimbela imiphumela ebhubhisayo yegrisi yenjini noma i-antifreeze. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-analogs, ingamelana nomthwalo, amaphesenti ayi-15 ngaphezulu. Ifanele amamodeli amaningi aphesheya.	Imvamisa kwenziwa ngomgunyathi. Kuyabiza.
Gates	Ngaphezulu kwama- $ 30	Uhlu olukhulu lwemikhiqizo umkhiqizo ongafakwa kuyo. Iwaranti yomkhiqizi yezinkulungwane ezingama-50 km. noma iminyaka emibili yokugcina. Ububanzi bungu-2mm, ngenxa yokuthi ukuphuka kwenzeka kaningi kakhulu. Isetshenziselwa isethi ephelele yezimoto. Imelana nama-revs aphezulu, ebenza balungele izimoto zezemidlalo.	Kumiselela kuphela isethi. Kuyabiza.
UDayco	Cishe ama-20 USD	Imikhiqizo eminingi. Akukubi kakhulu kunezifaniso ezivela kwabanye abakhiqizi.	Zelula ngokushesha okukhulu. Imvamisa kwenziwa ngomgunyathi.
Bosch	Ngaphakathi kwe-15 USD	Uma umshini usebenza ngokucophelela, khona-ke impilo yesevisi yebhande isuka kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-60. Ingafakwa kuzo zombili izimoto ezifuywayo namamodeli angaphandle. Kukhona ama-fakes ambalwa. Bagcina izindawo zabo isikhathi eside. I-assortment enkulu.	Lapho ugcinwa isikhathi eside, umkhiqizo uzoma. Qiniseka ukuthi uyashintsha nge-roller tension.
AMD	Cishe ama-80 USD	Kuthengiswe ngokushesha njengesethi enamasondo amathathu kanye nebhande lokulinganisa. Ukuze izingxenye zingakhubazeki, ngayinye yazo igcwele i-vacuum. Umsindo ophansi. I-roller bearing ayinayo emuva. Ukuvikela ekwenziweni komgunyathi, ama-roller amakwa ngokukhethekile.	Umkhiqizo obiza kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwekhwalithi yama-roller, ukudlula kungadlala. Kwesinye isikhathi ikhithi ayiqukethe ibhande lasekuqaleni, kepha i-analogue evela enkampanini yaseKorea iDongli.

Ekuphetheni, ividiyo emfushane yokuthi kungani amanye amabhande esikhathi ephela ngaphambi kwesikhathi:

ISIKHATHI SEBHILI. KUFANELE UDINGE NINI UKUTSHINTSHWA KWESIKHATHI SOKUPHUTHA KWESIKHATHI SOKUPHUTHA? Ungaligwema kanjani ibhande lesikhathi eliphukile?

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Unganquma kanjani ukuthi ungashintsha nini ibhande lesikhathi? 1 - ukwephulwa kobuqotho bebhande (imifantu, ama-flaps, njll.). 2 - ingxenye ngayinye inempilo yayo yokusebenza (injoloba iyiminyaka engu-5-6 noma izinkulungwane ezingama-50-100 km).

Liyini ibhande lesikhathi? Lokhu kuyisici sokushayela esivumelanisa ukusebenza kwama-piston kumasilinda kanye nendlela yokusabalalisa igesi ukuze ama-valve aqalwe ngokuhambisana ne-stroke eyenziwe.

Kuyini ukuqoshwa kwebhande lesikhathi? Isikhathi simele indlela yokusabalalisa igesi. Unesibopho sokuvula / ukuvala okufika ngesikhathi kwama-valve. Ibhande lesikhathi lixhuma i-crankshaft ne-camshaft.