Idivayisi kanye nenqubo yokusebenza kwenzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft

Ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle, umnotho nobungani bemvelo kwezokuthutha zesimanje, abakhiqizi bezimoto bahlomisa izimoto ngenani elikhulayo lamadivayisi kagesi. Isizathu ukuthi izingxenye zomshini ezibhekene, ngokwesibonelo, zokwakheka kwezinhlayiya kumasilinda, ezazinemoto yakudala, zaziphawuleka ngokungazinzi kwazo. Ngisho nokuxhuma okuncane koxhumana nabo kungaholela ekutheni imoto ivele ime ukumisa, ngisho nangaphandle kwesizathu.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu kusilela, amadivayisi wemishini awavumeli ukulungiswa okuhle kweyunithi yamandla. Isibonelo salokhu uhlelo lokuthinta oxhumana nabo, oluchazwe ngokuningiliziwe. lapha... Into esemqoka kuyo bekungumhlukanisi wokusabalalisa (funda ngomshini wokusabalalisa kokunye ukubuyekeza). Yize ngokunakekelwa okufanele nesikhathi esifanele sokushisa, le ndlela inikeze inhlansi ngesikhathi esifanele kuma-plugs, ngokufika kwama-turbocharger, ibingasakwazi ukusebenza kahle.

Njengohlobo oluthuthukisiwe, onjiniyela bakhulisile uhlelo lokuthungela ngaphandle kokuxhumana, lapho kusetshenziswe umhambisi ofanayo, kufakwe kuyo kuphela inzwa yokufaka esikhundleni sokufaka umshini wokuqhekeza. Ngenxa yalokhu, kungenzeka ukufeza ukuzinza okukhulu kokwakheka kwe-high-voltage pulse, kepha ukungalungi okusele kwe-SZ akuzange kuqedwe, ngoba kusasetshenziswa umshini wokusabalalisa ngomshini.

Ukuqeda konke ukungahambi kahle okuhambisana nokusebenza kwezinto zomshini, kwasungulwa uhlelo lwesimanje lokuthungela - i-elekthronikhi (mayelana nokwakheka kwayo nenqubo yokusebenza kuyachazwa lapha). Into esemqoka ohlelweni olunjalo inzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft.

Cabanga ukuthi iyini, uyini umgomo wokusebenza kwayo, ubhekene ini, unganquma kanjani ukungasebenzi kwayo, nokuthi iyini ingozi yokonakala kwayo.

Yini i-DPKV

I-crankshaft position sensor ifakwe kunoma iyiphi injini yomjovo esebenzisa uphethiloli noma igesi. Izinjini zikadizili zesimanje nazo zinento efanayo. Kulesi simo kuphela, ngesisekelo sezinkomba zayo, isikhathi sokujovwa kukaphethiloli sinqunywa, hhayi ukunikezwa kwenhlansi, ngoba injini kadizili isebenza ngokuya ngomgomo ohlukile (ukuqhathanisa lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zama-motors lapha).

Le nzwa iqopha ngasiphi isikhathi amavithamini wamasilinda okuqala nawesine azothatha isikhundla osifunayo (phezulu naphansi kwesikhungo esifile). Ikhiqiza ama-pulses aya kuyunithi lokulawula elektroniki. Kusukela kulezi zimpawu, i-microprocessor inquma ijubane lapho i-crankshaft ijikeleza khona.

Lolu lwazi luyadingeka yi-ECU ukulungisa i-SPL. Njengoba wazi, kuye ngezimo zokusebenza kwenjini, kuyadingeka ukukhanyisa ingxube yephethiloli yomoya ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene. Ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana nezokuxhumana ezingezona ezokuxhumana, lo msebenzi wenziwa ngabalawuli be-centrifugal kanye ne-vacuum. Kuhlelo lwe-elekthronikhi, le nqubo yenziwa ngobuchule beyunithi yokulawula ngogesi ngokuya nge-firmware efakwe ngumenzi.

Ngokuqondene nenjini kadizili, amasiginali avela ku-DPKV asiza i-ECU ukulawula umjovo kaphethiloli kudilinda ngamunye. Uma indlela yokusabalalisa igesi ifakwe ishifter yesigaba, ngakho-ke ngesisekelo samapulse avela enzwa, i-electronics iguqula ukujikeleza kwe-angular of the mechanism izinguquko zesikhathi se-valve... Lezi zimpawu ziyadingeka futhi ukulungisa ukusebenza kwe-adsorber (ngokuningiliziwe ngalolu hlelo kuchaziwe lapha).

Ngokuya ngemodeli yemoto nohlobo lwe-board board, i-elektroniki iyakwazi ukulawula ukwakheka kwenhlanganisela kaphethiloli womoya. Lokhu kuvumela injini ukuthi isebenze kahle ngenkathi isebenzisa uphethiloli omncane.

Noma iyiphi injini yanamuhla yomlilo ngeke isebenze, ngoba i-DPKV ibhekele izinkomba, ngaphandle kwayo i-elekthronikhi ngeke ikwazi ukunquma ukuthi izoyifaka nini inhlansi noma umjovo wephethiloli kadizili. Ngokuqondene neyunithi yamandla we-carburetor, asikho isidingo sale sensor. Isizathu ukuthi inqubo yokwakheka kwe-VTS ilawulwa yi-carburetor uqobo (funda ngomehluko phakathi kwezinjini zomjovo kanye ne-carburetor ngokwehlukana). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwe-MTC akuxhomekile kumamodi wokusebenza weyunithi. I-elekthronikhi ikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe izinga lokunothisa ingxube, kuye ngomthwalo wenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

Abanye abashayeli bakholelwa ukuthi i-DPKV nenzwa etholakala eduze kwe-camshaft zingamadivayisi afanayo. Eqinisweni, lokhu akunjalo neze. Idivayisi yokuqala elungisa isikhundla crankshaft, kanti eyesibili - camshaft. Esimweni sesibili, inzwa ithola ukuma kwe-camshaft engxenyeni ukuze i-elekthronikhi inikeze ukusebenza okunembe kakhudlwana kohlelo lokujova nophethiloli. Zombili izinzwa zisebenza ngokubambisana, kodwa ngaphandle kwenzwa ye-crankshaft, injini ngeke iqale.

Idivayisi yenzwa yesikhala se-Crankshaft

Idizayini yenzwa ingahlukahluka kuye ngemoto, kepha izinto ezibalulekile ziyefana. I-DPKV iqukethe:

• Uzibuthe unomphela;
• Izindlu;
• Umnyombo kazibuthe;
• Emazombezombe kagesi.

Ukuze ukuxhumana phakathi kwezintambo nezinto zenzwa kunganyamalali, konke kutholakala ngaphakathi kwecala, eligcwele i-resin eyakhiwe. Idivayisi ixhunywe ohlelweni olukubhodi ngesixhumi esijwayelekile sowesifazane / owesilisa. Kukhona izikhwama emzimbeni wedivayisi zokuyilungisa endaweni yokusebenza.

Inzwa ihlala isebenza ngokubambisana nenye into eyodwa, yize lokho kungafakwanga ekwakhiweni kwayo. Leli yipulley elinamazinyo. Kukhona igebe elincane phakathi komnyombo kazibuthe namazinyo e-pulley.

Iphi inzwa ye-crankshaft

Njengoba le nzwa ithola ukuma kwe-crankshaft, kufanele isondele kule ngxenye yenjini. I-pulley enamazinyo ifakwa kushaft uqobo noma ku-flywheel (ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi kungani kudingeka i-flywheel, nokuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezikhona, kuchazwa ngokwehlukana).

Inzwa ilungiswe ngokunganyakazi kubhlokhi yesilinda kusetshenziswa ubakaki okhethekile. Ayikho enye indawo yale nzwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngeke ikwazi ukubhekana nomsebenzi wayo. Manje ake sibheke imisebenzi esemqoka yenzwa.

Uyini umsebenzi we-crankshaft sensor?

Njengoba sekushiwo, ngesakhiwo, izinzwa zesikhundla se-crankshaft zingahluka komunye nomunye, kepha umsebenzi obalulekile wazo zonke uyefana - ukunquma isikhathi lapho kufanele kusebenze khona uhlelo lokuthungela nokujova.

Isimiso sokusebenza sizohluka kancane kuye ngohlobo lwezinzwa. Ukuguqulwa okuvame kakhulu kufakela amandla noma amandla kazibuthe. Idivayisi isebenza ngokulandelayo.

Idiski eyisithenjwa (aka a pulley toothed) ifakwe amazinyo angama-60. Kodwa-ke, engxenyeni eyodwa yengxenye, kunezinto ezimbili ezingekho. Kuleli gebe okuyindawo yokubhekiswa lapho kuqoshwa khona inguquko ephelele ye-crankshaft. Ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwe-pulley, amazinyo ayo ngokuhlukile adlula endaweni kazibuthe wenzwa. Ngokushesha nje lapho indawo enkulu engenamazinyo idlula kule ndawo, kukhiqizwa i-pulse kuyo, eyondliwa ngezintambo kuyunithi lokulawula.

I-microprocessor yohlelo lokugibela luhlelelwe izinkomba ezahlukahlukene zalezi pulse, ngokuya ngokusebenza kwama-algorithms ahambisanayo, futhi i-elekthronikhi yenza uhlelo olufunayo noma luguqule ukusebenza kwalo.

Kukhona nokunye ukuguqulwa kwama-disc disc, inani lamazinyo angahluka. Isibonelo, ezinye izinjini zikadizili zisebenzisa i-master disc eneqa eliphindwe kabili lamazinyo.

Izinhlobo zezinzwa

Uma sihlukanisa yonke inzwa ngezigaba, khona-ke kuzoba zintathu. Uhlobo ngalunye lwenzwa lunomgomo walo wokusebenza:

• Izinzwa ezi-inductive noma kazibuthe... Mhlawumbe lokhu kungukuguqulwa okulula kakhulu. Umsebenzi wayo awudingi ukuxhumana nesekethe kagesi, ngoba ikhiqiza ngokuzimela ukudonsa ngenxa yokungeniswa kwamandla kazibuthe. Ngenxa yobulula bomklamo nomthombo omkhulu womsebenzi, i-DPKV enjalo izobiza kancane. Phakathi kokubi kokuguqulwa okunjalo, kufanelekile ukuthi sisho ukuthi le divayisi izwela kakhulu ekungcoleni kwe-pulley. Akufanele kube nezinhlayiya zangaphandle, njengefilimu kawoyela, phakathi kwento kazibuthe namazinyo. Futhi, ngokusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa kwe-pulse ye-electromagnetic, kubalulekile ukuthi i-pulley ijikeleze ngokushesha.
• Izinzwa zeHholo... Ngaphandle kwensimbi eyinkimbinkimbi, ama-DPKV anjalo athembekile impela futhi anensiza enkulu. Imininingwane mayelana nedivayisi nokuthi isebenza kanjani ichaziwe kwesinye isihloko... Ngendlela, izinzwa eziningi zingasetshenziswa emotweni esebenza ngalesi simiso, futhi zizoba nemfanelo yemingcele ehlukile. Ukuze inzwa isebenze, kufanele inikwe amandla. Lokhu kuguqulwa akuvamile ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiya indawo ye-crankshaft.
• Inzwa Optical... Lokhu ukuguqulwa ifakwe umthombo wokukhanya futhi umamukeli. Idivayisi imi kanje. Amazinyo e-pulley agijima phakathi kwe-LED ne-photodiode. Ngenkathi yokuzungeza idiski eyinkomba, umsebe wokukhanya ungangena noma uphazamise ukunikezwa kwawo kumtshina wokukhanya. Ku-photodiode, ngesisekelo sesenzo sokukhanya, ama-pulses akhiwa, anikezwa i-ECU. Ngenxa yenkimbinkimbi yedivayisi nokuba sengozini, lokhu kuguqulwa nakho akufane kufakwe kumishini.

Izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle

Lapho into ethile kagesi yenjini noma isistimu ehlotshaniswa nayo yehluleka, iyunithi iqala ukusebenza ngokungalungile. Isibonelo, inga-troit (ngemininingwane yokuthi kungani lo mphumela uvela, funda lapha), ayizinzile ukungenzi lutho, ukuqala ngobunzima obukhulu, njll. Kepha uma i-DPKV ingasebenzi, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngeke iqale nhlobo.

Inzwa enjalo ayinakho ukungasebenzi kahle. Iyasebenza noma ayisebenzi. Isimo kuphela lapho idivayisi ingaqala khona ukusebenza i-oxidation yokuxhumana. Kulokhu, kwenziwa isignali enzwa, kepha ukuphuma kwayo akwenzeki ngenxa yokuthi isekethe likagesi liphukile. Kwezinye izimo, inzwa engalungile iyoba nesibonakaliso esisodwa kuphela - imoto izoma futhi ngeke iqale.

Uma inzwa ye-crankshaft ingasebenzi, iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi ngeke irekhode isignali kuyo, futhi uphawu lwenjini noma umbhalo othi "Check Engine" uzokhanya kuphaneli yensimbi. Kutholwe ukuwohloka kwenzwa ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. I-microprocessor iyeka ukuqopha imizwa evela enzwa, ngakho-ke ayiqondi ukuthi yimuphi umzuzu lapho kudingeka khona ukuthi inikeze umyalo kuma-injectors nakwikhoyili zokuthungela.

Kunezizathu eziningana zokwephuka kwenzwa. Nazi ezinye zazo:

1. Ukubhujiswa kwesakhiwo ngesikhathi semithwalo eshisayo nokudlidliza okungapheli;
2. Ukusebenza kwemoto ezifundeni ezimanzi noma ukunqotshwa kaningi kwamazibuko;
3. Ushintsho olubukhali kuhulumeni wokushisa wedivayisi (ikakhulukazi ebusika, lapho umehluko emazingeni okushisa mkhulu kakhulu).

Ukwehluleka kwenzwa okuvame kakhulu akusasahlobene nakho, kepha kunentambo yayo. Ngenxa yokuwohloka kwemvelo, ikhebula lingaguga, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla kagesi.

Udinga ukunaka i-DPKV esimweni esilandelayo:

• Imoto ayiqali, futhi lokhu kungakhathaleka ukuthi injini ishisa yini noma cha;
• Ijubane le-crankshaft lehla kakhulu, futhi imoto ihamba, sengathi uphethiloli usuphelile (uphethiloli awungeni emasilindini, ngoba i-ECU ilinde umfutho ovela enzwa, futhi akukho ukugeleza kwamanje okuya emakhandleleni, futhi futhi ngenxa ukuntuleka kwesifiso esivela ku-DPKV);
• I-Detonation (lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi hhayi ngenxa yokwephuka kwenzwa, kepha ngenxa yokulungiswa okungazinzile kwayo) kwenjini, okuzokwazisa ngokushesha mayelana inzwa ehambisanayo;
• I-motor ihlala njalo (lokhu kungenzeka uma kunenkinga ngentambo, futhi isignali evela ku-sensor iyavela futhi inyamalale).

Ama-revs antantayo, amandla anciphisiwe nezinye izimpawu ezifanayo kuyizimpawu zokwehluleka kwezinye izinhlelo zemoto. Ngokuqondene nenzwa, uma isiginali yayo inyamalala, i-microprocessor izolinda kuze kuvele le pulse. Kulokhu, uhlelo olugibele ebhodini "lucabanga" ukuthi i-crankshaft ayizungezi, ngakho-ke akukhiqizwanga nhlansi, noma kufuthwa uphethiloli kumasilinda.

Ukuze unqume ukuthi kungani imoto iyekile ukusebenza ngokuzinzile, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuxilongwa kwamakhompyutha. Kwenziwa kanjani isihloko esihlukile.

Ungayihlola kanjani inzwa ye-crankshaft

Kunezindlela eziningana zokubheka i-DPKV. Into yokuqala okufanele ukwenze isheke elibukwayo. Okokuqala udinga ukubheka ikhwalithi yokubopha. Ngenxa yomsindo wenjabulo yenzwa, ibanga elisuka kuzici kazibuthe liya ezindaweni zamazinyo lishintsha njalo. Lokhu kungaholela ekudlulisweni kwesiginali okungalungile. Ngalesi sizathu, i-elekthronikhi ingathumela ngokungafanele amasiginali kuma-actuator. Kulokhu, ukusebenza kwe-motor kungahambisana nezenzo ezingenangqondo ngokuphelele: ukuqhuma, ukukhuphuka / ukwehla okukhulu kwejubane, njll.

Uma ngabe idivayisi imiswe kahle endaweni yayo, asikho isidingo sokuqagela ngokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo. Isigaba esilandelayo sokuhlolwa okubukwayo ukuhlola ikhwalithi yocingo lwenzwa. Imvamisa, kulapho ukutholwa kokukhubazeka kwenzwa kuphela, futhi idivayisi iqhubeka nokusebenza kahle. Indlela yokuqinisekisa ephumelela kunazo zonke ukufaka i-analog esebenzayo eyaziwa. Uma iyunithi yamandla iqale ukusebenza kahle nangokuzinza, khona-ke siyilahla inzwa endala.

Ezimweni ezinzima kunazo zonke, ukubamba umnyombo kazibuthe kuyahluleka. Lokhu kwephuka kuzosiza ukukhomba i-multimeter. Idivayisi isethelwe kumodi yokukala ukumelana. Ama-probes axhunywe kwinzwa ngokuya nge-pinout. Imvamisa, le nkomba kufanele ibe sebangeni kusuka ku-550 kuye ku-750 Ohm.

Ukuze ungasebenzisi imali ekubhekeni okokusebenza ngakunye, kuyenzeka ukwenza izinqubo zokuxilonga ezijwayelekile. Elinye lamathuluzi elingasiza ukukhomba izinkinga ezifihliwe ezintweni ezahlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe yi-oscilloscope. Isebenza kanjani le divayisi lapha.

Ngakho-ke, uma enye inzwa emotweni ihluleka, khona-ke i-elekthronikhi izongena kwimodi ephuthumayo futhi izosebenza kahle, kepha kule modi kuzokwazi ukufika esiteshini senkonzo esiseduze. Kepha uma inzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft iphuka, i-unit ngeke isebenze ngaphandle kwayo. Ngalesi sizathu, kungaba ngcono ukuhlala une-analog esitokweni.

Ngokwengeziwe, bukela ividiyo emfushane yokuthi i-DPKV isebenza kanjani, kanye ne-DPRV:

Izinzwa zeCrankshaft ne-camshaft: umgomo wokusebenza, ukungasebenzi kahle nezindlela zokuxilonga. Ingxenye 11

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Kwenzekani lapho inzwa ye-crankshaft ihluleka? Uma isignali evela kunzwa ye-crankshaft inyamalala, isilawuli siyayeka ukukhiqiza umfutho wenhlansi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukushisa kuyayeka ukusebenza.

Ukuqonda kanjani ukuthi inzwa ye-crankshaft ifile? Uma inzwa ye-crankshaft ihluleka, imoto ngeke iqale noma ime. Isizathu siwukuthi iyunithi yokulawula ayikwazi ukunquma ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi sokudala umfutho ukuze kwakhe inhlansi.

Kwenzekani uma inzwa ye-crankshaft ingasebenzi?  Isignali evela ku-crankshaft sensor iyadingeka ukuvumelanisa ukusebenza kwama-injection kaphethiloli (injini ye-diesel) kanye nesistimu yokuthungela (ezinjinini zikaphethiloli). Uma iphuka, imoto ngeke iqale.

Itholakala kuphi inzwa ye-crankshaft? Ngokuyisisekelo, le nzwa igxilwe ngqo ku-cylinder block. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ime eduze kwe-crankshaft pulley ngisho naku-gearbox housing.