Izinjini eziyi-10 ezingajwayelekile kakhulu emlandweni

Okuxakayo ukuthi lapho ubuchwepheshe obuningi bukhula, izimoto zethu ziba lula kakhulu. Njengoba kuqinisa amazinga okuphuma kokuqina, izinjini ezingaphandle njengeV12 ne-V10 ziyanyamalala futhi kungekudala i-V8 izolandela. Kungenzeka ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esingekude kakhulu, ukuphela kwabasindayo kuzoba izinjini ezi-3 noma ezi-4 zesilinda.

Kulesi sibuyekezo, sizocubungula ukumiswa okuncane engaziwa ukuthi imboni yezimoto isinike khona. Uhlu luhlanganisa kuphela lezo motors ezifakiwe ezimotweni ezi-serial.

1 I-Bugatti Veyron W-16, 2005–2015

Ukuthuthuka kukaFerdinand Piëch ongasekho ukuze adale imoto eshesha kakhulu kule planethi kwahilela i-V8, kepha kwasheshe kwacaca ukuthi lo msebenzi awunakwenzeka. Kungakho onjiniyela besungula leyunithi edume ngama-8-litre W16, okuphikiswana ngayo ukuthi idlulele phambili emlandweni.

Inama-valves angama-64, ama-turbocharger ama-4, ama-radiators ayi-10 ahlukene futhi yingxubevange yama-VR4 amane avela kwaVolkswagen. Akukaze kufakwe emotweni yokukhiqiza efana nalena ngenxa yamandla ayo amangalisayo - futhi ngeke kuphinde kwenzeke.

Injini engu-2 eyi-Knight, engenazizi, 1903-1933

Umklami waseMelika uCharles Yale Knight angafakwa ngokuphephile kubathuthukisi abakhulu abanjengoFerdinand Porsche no-Ettore Bugatti. Ekuqalekeni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, wanquma ukuthi ama-valves asevele efakiwe ngohlobo lwamapuleti (amakanikhi amadala awabiza ngokuthi amapuleti) ayenzima kakhulu futhi engaphumeleli. Kungakho athuthukisa injini entsha eyisisekelo, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-wireless".

Eqinisweni, leli akulona igama elifanele, ngoba eqinisweni kukhona ama-valve emotweni. Zisehlobo lwesikhwama esijikeleza iphayiphi, elivula ngokulandelana ukungena nokuphuma odongeni lwesilinda.

Izinjini zalolu hlobo zinikeza ukusebenza kahle ngokwenani levolumu, zigijima ngokuthula futhi azijwayele ukonakala. Azikho izinkinga eziningi, kepha okubaluleke kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kukawoyela. U Knight unelungelo lobunikazi lomqondo wakhe ngo-1908, futhi kamuva okuvela kuwo kwavela ezimotweni zakwaMercedes, ePanhard, kwaPeugeot. Lo mqondo washiywa kuphela ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa kwama-poppet valves ngawo-1920s no-1930.

Injini engu-3 yeWankel (1958-2014)

Lo mbono, owazalelwa ekhanda likaFeliksi Wankel, awujwayelekile ngokwedlulele - noma kunjalo kwabonakala ekuqaleni ezinhlokweni zeNSU yaseJalimane, okuhlongozwe yona. Kwakuyinjini lapho i-piston iyisiyingi esingunxantathu esijikeleza ebhokisini le-oval. Njengoba ijikeleza, amakhona ayo amathathu, abizwa ngama-vertices, akha amakamelo amathathu wokuhlangana enza izigaba ezine: ukunatha, ukucindezela, ukukhishwa, nokukhululwa.

Uhlangothi ngalunye lwe-rotor luhlala lusebenza. Kuzwakala kuhlaba umxhwele - futhi kunjalo ngempela. Amandla aphezulu wezinjini ezinjalo aphakeme kakhulu kunalawo womlingani ojwayelekile onomthamo ofanayo. Kodwa ukugqekeza nokuklebhula kuyinto engathí sina, futhi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokuphuma kuyimbi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, iMazda ikhiqize eminyakeni embalwa edlule, futhi kuze kube manje ayikayeki ngokuphelele umbono wokuyihlehlisa.

I-4 Eisenhuth Compound, 1904-1907

UJohn Eisenhoot, umsunguli waseNew York, wayengumuntu okhuluphele ngokweqile. Ugcizelele ukuthi yena, hhayi u-Otto, unguyise wenjini yokumisa yangaphakathi. Umsunguli wasungula inkampani enegama elidumile i-Eisenhuth Horseless Vehicle Company, kwathi lapho, iminyaka eminingi, wayehlala emangalela bonke ozakwabo bebhizinisi.

Ngokombono wobunjiniyela, ifa lawo elihehayo kakhulu yinjini yamasilinda amathathu imodeli yeCompound.

Kulo vimba wokugeleza, amasilinda amabili ekugcineni ahlinzeka ngesilinda esiphakathi, "esifile" namagesi awo e-exhaust, futhi yisilinda esiphakathi esishayela imoto. Zombili izinhlangothi zazinkulu kakhulu, ububanzi obuyi-19 cm, kodwa phakathi nendawo yayinkulu nakakhulu - cm 30. U-Eisenhut wathi ukonga uma kuqhathaniswa nenjini evamile ngu-47%. Kodwa ngo-1907 wawa futhi umqondo wafa nenkampani.

I-5 Panhard boxer ezimbili-silinda, ngo-1947-1967

IPanhard, eyasungulwa ngonyaka we-1887, ingenye yabakhiqizi bezimoto bokuqala emhlabeni futhi ingenye ethakazelisa kakhulu. Le yinkampani eyasinika isondo lokuqondisa, bese izinduku zejet ezimisiwe, kwathi ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II yengeza enye yezinjini ezinelukuluku kakhulu ezake zenziwa.

Eqinisweni, bekuyinjini eyisicaba enamasilinda amabili enamasilinda amabili avundlile abekwe ezinhlangothini ezihlukene ze-crankshaft. Kuze kube manje, intuthuko yaziwa njengenjini yesibhakela. Onjiniyela baseFrance bangeze izixazululo zangempela kule yunithi epholile emoyeni - kwamanye amamodeli, isibonelo, amapayipi okukhipha amandla nawo ayeyizinsimbi.

Izinjini zokususwa kusuka ku-610 ziye ku-850 cc zazisetshenziswa kumamodeli ahlukahlukene. cm namandla kusuka ku-42 kuye ku-60 amandla wehhashi, okuyinto enhle ngaleso sikhathi (le injini empeleni yanqoba isigaba sayo emahoreni angama-24 eLe Mans futhi yagcina isendaweni yesibili eMonte Carlo rally). Babekalwa njengokucwengisisiwe futhi ngokomnotho ngabanikazi.

Kwakunezinkinga ezimbili kuphela: okokuqala, lezi zinjini ezinamasilinda amabili zibiza ngaphezu kwezinjini ezine zamasilinda futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Okwesibili, abakwaPanhard baklanyelwe ama-coupe lightweight aluminium, futhi izimo zezomnotho zenza i-aluminium yabiza kakhulu. Le nkampani yaqeda ukuba khona kwayo yathathwa yiCitroen. Umshayisibhakela onamasilinda amabili uqophe umlando.

I-6 Commer / Roots TS3, 1954-1968

Le yunithi eyi-3,3-litre eyi-three-cylinder yehle emlandweni ngaphansi kwesiteketiso i-Commer Knocker (noma "snitch"). Idivaysi yakhe, ukuyibeka kancane, ayijwayelekile - enamapiston aphambene, amabili kusilinda ngasinye, futhi awekho amakhanda angama-cylinder. Umlando ukhumbula amanye amayunithi afanayo, kodwa anama-crankshaft amabili, futhi lapha kukhona eyodwa kuphela.

Kufanele wengezwe ukuthi unhlangothi ezimbili futhi ugijima uphethiloli.

I-Manufacturer Rootes Group yethemba ukuthi lolu phiko luzohlinzeka ngokuzuzisa kakhulu elolini lamabhasi akwa-Commer. I-torque yinhle ngempela - kodwa intengo nobunkimbinkimbi bezobuchwepheshe kuyayikhipha emakethe.

7 ILanchester Twin-Crank Twin, 1900-1904

Ungakhumbula lolu hlobo oluvela esiqeshini seTop Gear, lapho uHammond athenge imoto endalini, okungenzeka yakhiwe ngugogo wakhe, futhi bamyisa emhlanganweni we-retro.

Eqinisweni, iLanchester yayingomunye wabakhiqizi bokuqala eNgilandi, eyasungulwa ngo-1899. Injini yayo yedwala, eyethulwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, iyingqayizivele ngokweqile: isibhakela esingamalitha ama-4-liter, kodwa sinama-crankshafts amabili.

Zitholakala ngezansi kwenye, futhi i-piston ngayinye inezinduku ezintathu zokuxhuma - ezimbili zangaphandle ezikhanyayo nenye esindayo phakathi nendawo. Ezilula ziya komunye u-crankshaft, ezisindayo ziye kwenye, njengoba ziphenduka zibheke ezinhlangothini ezihlukene.

Umphumela ungamandla angu-10,5 ku-1250 rpm. kanye nokuntuleka okumangalisayo kokudlidliza. Naphezu kweminyaka engu-120 yomlando, le yunithi isewuphawu lobuhle bonjiniyela.

I-8 Cizeta V16T, 1991-1995

Enye imoto, efana neVyron, ihlukile kunjini yayo. Igama eliyimodeli yi- "V16", kepha leyunithi engu-6-litre ene-560ppower empeleni akuyona i-V16 yangempela, kepha ama-V8 amabili axhunyiwe kuphela ebhulokini elilodwa futhi anenqwaba evamile yokudla. Kepha lokho akumenzi ahlanya kangako. Njengoba ifakwe ngokudlulele, shaft yesikhungo idlulisela i-torque ekudluliseleni emuva.

Namuhla lezi zimoto azivamile, ngoba kukhiqizwe amakhophi ambalwa kakhulu. Omunye wabo uvele eLos Angeles. Umnikazi wayo wayethanda ukwenza umsindo endaweni, eqala injini, kepha ngesinye isikhathi abaphathi bamasosha bathatha imoto.

9 UGobron-Brille, 1898–1922

I-Commer "snitch" okukhulunywe ngayo ngaphambili empeleni iphefumulelwe yilezi zinjini zama-piston eziphikisanayo zaseFrance, ezihlanganiswe ngokuhlelwa kwezilinda ezimbili, ezine futhi eziyisithupha.

Kuhlobo lamasilinda amabili, ibhulokhi lisebenza kanjena: amapistoni amabili aqhuba inkonkoni ngendlela yendabuko. Kodwa-ke, okuphambene nabo kungenye i-piston exhunywe komunye nomunye, futhi lokhu kuhlangana nakho kuhambisa izinduku ezimbili zokuxhuma ezide ezixhunywe kwi-camshaft. Ngakho-ke, injini engu-Gylron-Brille enamasilinda ayisithupha inamapistoni ayi-12 kanye nokhonkolo owodwa.

I-Adams-Farvell, ngo-10–1904

Noma ezweni lemibono yobunjiniyela obuhlanya, le injini iyabonakala. Uphiko lwe-Adams-Farwell oluqhamuka edolobhaneni lezolimo e-Iowa, e-USA, lusebenza ngomgomo wemoto ejikelezayo. Amasilinda kanye namapayipi akulo akhiwe eduze nogobolondo besiteshi.

Phakathi kwezinzuzo zalobu buchwepheshe ukusebenza kahle nokungabi bikho kokunyakaza okubuyayo. Amamoya abekwe endaweni enemisebe ayasebenza emoyeni futhi asebenza njengamawashi lapho injini isebenza.

Inzuzo yomklamo isisindo sayo. Iyunithi engu-4,3 litre-cylinder unit enesisindo esingaphansi kuka-100 kg, ngokumangazayo incane ngalesi sikhathi. Iningi lalezi zinjini lalisetshenziswa ezindizeni, yize ezinye izithuthuthu kanye nezimoto zazifakwe nezinjini ezifana nalezi zangaphakathi. Phakathi kokubi kukhona ubunzima ekuthanjisweni ngenxa yamandla we-centrifugal ku-crankcase, okwenza kube nzima ukukhipha uwoyela kusuka ezinjini zezinjini.