Ama-Spark plugs - ayini futhi asebenza kanjani

Spark plugs

Ayikho injini kaphethiloli yomlilo yangaphakathi engaqaliswa ngaphandle kwe-plug plug. Ekubuyekezeni kwethu, sizobheka idivayisi yale ngxenye, ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi yini okudingeka uyicabangele lapho ukhetha ikhithi entsha ezongena esikhundleni.

Yini ama-spark plugs

Ikhandlela liyinto encane yohlelo lokuthungela okuzenzakalelayo. Ifakwe ngaphezu kwesilinda semoto. Olunye uhlangothi lufakwa ngaphakathi kwenjini uqobo lwayo, kufakwa ucingo olunamandla amakhulu (noma, ekulungisweni okuningi kwezinjini, ikhoyili yokushisa ehlukile).

Yize lezi zingxenye zibandakanyeka ngqo ekuhambeni kweqembu lama-piston, akunakushiwo ukuthi lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu enjinini. Injini ayikwazi ukuqalwa ngaphandle kwezinye izinto ezifana nepompo yegesi, i-carburetor, ikhoyili yokushisa, njll. Esikhundleni salokho, i-plug plug ingesinye isixhumanisi kumshini onikela ekusebenzeni okuzinzile kweyunithi yamandla.

Ayini amakhandlela emotweni?

Banikela ngenhlansi yokushisa uphethiloli egumbini lokushisa injini. Umlando omncane.

Izinjini zokuqala zomlilo zangaphakathi zafakwa amashubhu okuvutha umlilo. Ngo-1902, uRobert Bosch wamema uKarl Benz ukuthi afake umklamo wakhe kuma-motors akhe. Ingxenye yayicishe yaklanywa efanayo futhi yasebenza kumgomo ofanayo nozakwabo banamuhla. Kuwo wonke umlando, benze ushintsho oluncane ezintweni zokwenzela umqhubi nophethiloli.

Spark plug idivayisi

Ekuboneni kokuqala, kubonakala sengathi i-spark plug (SZ) inomklamo olula, kepha empeleni, ukwakheka kwayo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Le nto yohlelo lokuthungela injini iqukethe izinto ezilandelayo.

• Ithiphu yokuxhumana (1). Ingxenye engenhla ye-SZ, lapho kufakwa khona i-high-voltage wire, evela kwikhoyili yokushisa noma umuntu ngamunye. Imvamisa, le nto yenziwa ngokuqina ekugcineni, ukuze kulungiswe ngokwesimiso se-latch. Kunamakhandlela anentambo ethiphu.
• Isivikelo ngezimbambo zangaphandle (2, 4). Izimbambo ku-insulator zakha isithiyo samanje, esivimbela ukuwohloka kusuka endukwini kuya engxenyeni engaphezulu. Yenziwe nge-aluminium oxide ceramic. Le yunithi kufanele imelane nokukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa afike kuma-2 500 degrees (akhiwe ngesikhathi somlilo kaphethiloli) futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo alondoloze izakhiwo zawo zedijithali.
• Icala (5, 13). Le yingxenye yensimbi lapho izimbambo zenzelwe khona ukulungisa nge-wrench. Intambo inqunywa engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba, lapho ikhandlela lifakwa ngayo ku-spark plug kahle yemoto. Izinto zomzimba ziyinsimbi ephezulu ene-alloy, ubuso bayo obufakwe i-chrome ukuvimbela inqubo ye-oxidation.
• Ibha yokuxhumana (3). Into esemaphakathi lapho kugeleza khona ukuphuma kukagesi. Wenziwe ngensimbi.
• Umelana (6). Iningi le-SZ lesimanjemanje lifakwe i-glass sealant. Icindezela ukugxambukela emsakazweni okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokulethwa kukagesi. Isebenza futhi njengophawu lwenduku yokuxhumana ne-electrode.
• Ukuwasha uphawu (7). Le ngxenye ingaba ngesimo sesigaxa noma i-washer ejwayelekile. Esimweni sokuqala, lokhu kuyinto eyodwa, kwesibili kusetshenziswa i-gasket eyengeziwe.
• Ukushisa okusabalalisa ukushisa (8). Inikeza ukupholisa okusheshayo kwe-SZ, ikhulisa ibanga lokushisa. Inani lamadiphozithi ekhabhoni akhiwe kuma-electrode nokuqina kwekhandlela uqobo kuncike kulesi sici.
• I-electrode emaphakathi (9). Le ngxenye ekuqaleni yayenziwe ngensimbi. Namuhla, kusetshenziswa i-bimetallic material enomgogodla wokuziphatha ohlanganiswe nenhlanganisela yokuqeda ukushisa.
• Isigaxa se-thermal esishisayo (10). Ikhonza ukupholisa i-electrode emaphakathi. Ukuphakama kwalesi sigaxa kuthinta inani lokukhanya kwekhandlela (kubanda noma kufudumele).
• Igumbi lokusebenzela (11). Isikhala phakathi kwesigaxa somzimba nesivikelo. Isiza inqubo yokushisa uphethiloli. Kumakhandlela "othoshi", leli gumbi liyandiswa.
• I-electrode eseceleni (12). Ukukhishwa kwenzeka phakathi kwayo nengqikithi. Le nqubo ifana nokukhishwa kwe-arc yomhlaba. Kunama-SZ anama-electrode amaningi ohlangothini.

Isithombe sikhombisa inani le-h. Leli yigebe lenhlansi. Ukushisa kwenzeka kalula ngebanga elincane phakathi kwama-electrode. Kodwa-ke, ipulagi le-spark kufanele lishise ingxube yomoya / kaphethiloli. Futhi lokhu kudinga inhlansi "enonile" (okungenani imilimitha elilodwa ubude) futhi, ngokufanele, igebe elikhulu phakathi kwama-electrode.

Okuningi ngokuvunyelwa kumbozwe kule vidiyo elandelayo:

Amakhandlela e-Iridium - kuwufanele noma cha?

Ukonga impilo yebhethri, abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokwenza i-SZ. Iqukethe ukwenza i-electrode yesikhungo ibe mncane (amandla amancane adingekayo ukunqoba igebe lenyuka lenyukile), kepha ngasikhathi sinye ukuze ingashi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kusetshenziswa ingxubevange yensimbi ye-inert (efana negolide, isiliva, i-iridium, i-palladium, i-platinum). Isibonelo sekhandlela elinjalo siboniswa esithombeni.

Asebenza kanjani ama-spark plug emotweni

Lapho injini iqala, kunikezwa amandla kagesi aphezulu asuka kukhoyili yokuthungela (ingaba linye lawo wonke amakhandlela, libe linye kumakhandlela amabili, noma libe linye ku-SZ ngayinye). Kuleli qophelo, inhlansi yakheka phakathi kwama-electrode we-spark plug, ithungela ingxube yamafutha omoya kusilinda.

Yiziphi imithwalo

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, i-spark plug ngayinye ihlangabezana nemithwalo ehlukene, ngakho-ke yenziwe ngezinto ezingakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo enjalo isikhathi eside.

Imithwalo eshisayo

Ingxenye esebenzayo ye-spark plug (womabili ama-electrode ayo) itholakala ngaphakathi kwesilinda. Lapho i-valve yokudonsa (noma ama-valve, kuye ngokuthi injini iklanywe kanjani) ivuleka, ingxenye entsha yengxube yamafutha omoya ingena kusilinda. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa layo lingaba libi noma lisondele ku-zero.

Enjinini eshisayo, lapho i-VTS ivutha, izinga lokushisa ku-cylinder lingakhuphuka kakhulu libe ngama-degree ayizinkulungwane ezingu-2-3. Ngenxa yoshintsho olunjalo oluzumayo nolubucayi lokushisa, ama-electrode e-spark plug angakhubazeka, okuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuthinte igebe phakathi kwama-electrode. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye yensimbi kanye ne-porcelain insulator ine-coefficient ehlukile yokwandisa okushisayo. Ushintsho olunjalo oluzumayo lungaphinde lucekele phansi isivikelo.

Imithwalo yemishini

Ngokuya ohlotsheni lwenjini, lapho ingxube kaphethiloli nomoya ibaselwa, ukucindezela kusilinda kungashintsha kakhulu ukusuka ku-vacuum state (ingcindezi engemihle ehlobene nomfutho womkhathi) kuya ekucindezelweni okudlula ukucindezela komkhathi ngo-50 kg/cmXNUMX. nangaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho injini isebenza, idala ukudlidliza, okubuye kuthinte kabi isimo samakhandlela.

Imithwalo yamakhemikhali

Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuningi kwenzeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Kungashiwo okufanayo ngezinqubo ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwe-carbon fuel. Kulokhu, inani elikhulu lezinto ezisebenza ngamakhemikhali likhishwa (ngenxa yalokhu, isiguquli se-catalytic sisebenza - singena ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali ngalezi zinto futhi sinciphise). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, benza engxenyeni yensimbi yekhandlela, benza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-soot kuso.

Imithwalo kagesi

Lapho inhlansi yakha, i-voltage ephezulu isetshenziswa ku-electrode ephakathi. Ngokuyisisekelo, lesi sibalo singama-volts ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20-25. Kwamanye amayunithi amandla, amakhoyili okuthungela akhiqiza i-pulse ngaphezu kwale pharamitha. Ukukhishwa kuthatha ama-millisecond amathathu, kodwa lokhu kwanele ukuthi i-voltage ephezulu ithinte isimo se-insulator.

Ukuchezuka kunqubo evamile yokuvutha

Impilo ye-Spark plug ingase incishiswe ngokushintsha inqubo yokuvutha kwengxube yamafutha omoya. Le nqubo ithonywa izici ezihlukahlukene, njengekhwalithi yephethiloli ephansi, ukuvutha ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma sekwephuzile, njll. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezifinyeza impilo yama-spark plugs amasha.

Imililo engalungile

Lo mphumela uvela lapho kunikezwa ingxube engenamandla (kunomoya omningi kakhulu kunophethiloli ngokwawo), lapho kukhiqizwa amandla akhona anganele (lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwekhoyili yokuthungela umlilo noma ngenxa yokungeniswa kwekhwalithi engeyinhle kwezintambo ezinamandla kagesi. - ziyabhodloza) noma uma kuvela igebe lenhlansi. Uma i-motor inenkinga yalokhu kungasebenzi, amadiphozithi azokwakhiwa kuma-electrode kanye ne-insulator.

ukukhanya okushisa

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokushisa okukhanyayo: ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokubambezeleka. Esimweni sokuqala, umlilo wenhlansi ngaphambi kokuba i-piston ifinyelele endaweni ephezulu efile (kukhona ukwanda kwesikhathi sokuthungela). Kuleli qophelo, injini ishisa kakhulu, okuholela ekwandeni okukhulu kwe-UOC.

Lo mphumela uholela eqinisweni lokuthi ingxube ye-air-fuel ingavutha ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho ingena ku-cylinder (ivutha ngenxa yezingxenye ezishisayo zeqembu le-cylinder-piston). Uma ukushiswa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwenzeka, ama-valve, ama-piston, ama-cylinder head gaskets namaringi e-piston kungalimala. Ngokuqondene nokulimala kwekhandlela, kulokhu i-insulator noma ama-electrode angancibilika.

Ukuqhunyiswa

Lena inqubo eyenzeka futhi ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kusilinda kanye nenombolo ephansi ye-octane kaphethiloli. Ngesikhathi sokuqhunyiswa, i-VTS engacindezelwanga iqala ukuvutha isuka engxenyeni eshisayo engxenyeni yesilinda ekude kakhulu nepiston yokudonsa. Le nqubo ihambisana nokuthungela okubukhali kwengxube yamafutha omoya. Amandla akhululiwe awasabalalisi ukusuka ekhanda lebhulokhi, kodwa ukusuka ku-piston kuya ekhanda ngesivinini esidlula isivinini somsindo.

Njengomphumela wokuqhunyiswa, isilinda sishisa kakhulu engxenyeni eyodwa, ama-piston, ama-valve kanye namakhandlela ngokwawo ashisa ngokweqile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhandlela lingaphansi kwengcindezi eyengeziwe. Njengomphumela wenqubo enjalo, isivikelo se-SZ singaqhuma noma ingxenye yaso ingagqashuka. ama-electrode ngokwawo angashisa noma ancibilike.

Ukuqhunyiswa kwenjini kunqunywa ngokushaya kwensimbi okuyisici. Futhi, intuthu emnyama ingase ivele epayipini lokuqeda, injini izoqala ukusebenzisa uphethiloli omningi, futhi amandla ayo azoba mancane kakhulu. Ukuze kutholwe ngesikhathi salo mphumela olimazayo, inzwa yokungqongqoza ifakwa ezinjinini zesimanje.

Udizili

Nakuba le nkinga ingahlobene nokusebenza okungalungile kwama-spark plugs, isabathinta, ibafaka ekucindezelekeni okukhulu. Udizili uwukuzishisa uphethiloli uma injini icishiwe. Lo mphumela uvela ngenxa yokuxhumana kwengxube ye-air-fuel enezingxenye zenjini eshisayo.

Lo mphumela uvela kuphela kulawo mayunithi amandla lapho isistimu kaphethiloli ingayeki ukusebenza lapho ukuthungela kuvaliwe - ku-carburetor izinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi. Lapho umshayeli ecisha injini, ama-pistons ayaqhubeka nokumunca ingxube ye-air-fuel ngenxa ye-inertia, futhi iphampu ye-fuel mechanical ayikuvimbi ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli ku-carburetor.

I-Diesling yakheka ngesivinini esiphansi kakhulu senjini, esihambisana nokusebenza kwenjini okungazinzile kakhulu. Lo mphumela uyama lapho izingxenye zeqembu le-cylinder-piston zingapholi ngokwanele. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa.

Umsizi wekhandlela

Uhlobo lwe-soot emakhandlelani lungahluka kakhulu. Ingakwazi ukunquma ngokwemibandela izinkinga ezithile ngenjini. Ama-solid carbon deposits avela ebusweni bama-electrode lapho izinga lokushisa lengxube evuthayo lidlula ama-degree angu-200.

Uma kukhona inani elikhulu le-soot ekhandlelani, ezimweni eziningi liphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-SZ. Inkinga ingalungiswa ngokuhlanza i-spark plug. Kodwa ukuhlanza akuqedi imbangela yokwakheka kwe-soot engeyona eyemvelo, ngakho-ke lezi zimbangela kufanele ziqedwe noma kunjalo. Amakhandlela esimanje aklanywe ngendlela yokuthi akwazi ukuzihlanza kusuka kumsizi.

Insiza yekhandlela

Impilo yokusebenza yama-spark plug ayincikile kusici esisodwa. Isikhathi sokushintshwa kwe-SZ sithintwa:

• Izinto ezenziwe ngazo ama-electrode;
• Izimo zokusebenza;
• Izici motor;
• Inombolo yamahora emoto.

Uma uthatha amakhandlela e-nickel yakudala, ngokuvamile anakekela amakhilomitha angama-15. Uma imoto iqhutshwa edolobheni elikhulu, lesi sibalo sizoba ngaphansi, ngoba nakuba imoto ingashayeli, kodwa uma i-traffic jam noma i-toffee, injini iyaqhubeka nokusebenza. Ama-analogue e-multi-electrode ahlala cishe kabili isikhathi eside.

Lapho ufaka amakhandlela nge-iridium noma i-platinum electrode, njengoba kuboniswa abakhiqizi balezi mikhiqizo, bayakwazi ukuhamba amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-90. Yiqiniso, ukusebenza kwabo kuphinde kuthinteke isimo sobuchwepheshe bemoto. Iningi lezinsizakalo zezimoto zincoma ukuthi kushintshwe ama-spark plug njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-30 (njengengxenye yesondlo esihleliwe sesekhondi ngalinye).

Izinhlobo zama-spark plugs

Amapharamitha ayinhloko okuhluka ngawo wonke ama-SZ:

1. inani lama-electrode;
2. i-electrode impahla emaphakathi;
3. inombolo ekhanyayo;
4. usayizi wecala.

Okokuqala, amakhandlela angaba yi-electrode eyodwa (okudala nge-electrode eyodwa "kuya phansi") kanye nama-electrode amaningi (kungaba nezinto ezimbili, ezintathu noma ezine eziseceleni). Inketho yesibili inensiza ende, ngoba inhlansi ivela ngokuzumayo phakathi kwenye yalezi zinto nengqikithi. Abanye bayesaba ukuthola ukuguqulwa okunjalo, becabanga ukuthi kulokhu inhlansi izokwabiwa phakathi kwazo zonke izakhi ngakho-ke iyoba mncane. Eqinisweni, i-current ihlale ilandela indlela yokuphikiswa okuncane. Ngakho-ke, i-arc izoba yinye futhi ubukhulu bayo abuxhomekile kwinani lama-electrode. Esikhundleni salokho, ukuba khona kwezakhi eziningana kukhulisa ukuthembeka kokuqhuma lapho omunye woxhumana nabo esha.

Okwesibili, njengoba sekushiwo, ukushuba kwe-electrode emaphakathi kuthinta ikhwalithi yenhlansi. Kodwa-ke, insimbi ezacile ivutha ngokushesha lapho ishiswa. Ukuze kuqedwe le nkinga, abakhiqizi bakhe uhlobo olusha lwamaplagi ane-platinum noma i-iridium core. Ubukhulu bayo bungamamilimitha ayi-0,5. Inhlansi yamakhandlela anjalo inamandla amakhulu kangangokuba amakhabhoni awafakwa kuwo.

Okwesithathu, i-plug plug izosebenza kahle kuphela ngokushisa okuthile kwama-electrode (ibanga lokushisa elilungile lisukela kuma-400 kuye kuma-900 degrees). Uma kubanda kakhulu, kuzofakwa amadiphozi ekhabhoni ebusweni bawo. Ukushisa ngokweqile kuholela ekuqhekekeni kwe-insulator, futhi esimweni esibi kakhulu, ekukhanyeni ukuthungela (lapho ingxube kaphethiloli ibaswa ukushisa kwe-electrode, bese kuvela inhlansi). Kokubili kokwokuqala nokwesibili, lokhu kuthinta kabi yonke imoto.

Ukuphakama kwenombolo yokukhanya, i-SZ encane izoshisa. Ukuguqulwa okunjalo kubizwa ngamakhandlela "abandayo", futhi ngenkomba engezansi - "kuyashisa". Kumamori ajwayelekile, amamodeli anenkomba emaphakathi afakiwe. Imishini yezimboni ivame ukusebenza ngejubane elincishisiwe, ngakho-ke ifakwe amapulagi "ashisayo" angapholi masinyane. Izinjini zezimoto zemidlalo zivame ukugijima ngezivinini eziphezulu, ngakho-ke kunengozi yokushisa ngokweqile kwama-electrode. Kulokhu, kufakwa ukuguqulwa "okubandayo".

Okwesine, yonke i-SZ iyahluka ngosayizi wemiphetho yokhiye (16, 19, 22 no-24 millimeters), kanye nobude nobubanzi bentambo. Ungathola ukuthi ngubuphi ubukhulu be-plug plug obulungele injini ethile kumanuwali yomnikazi.

Imingcele eyinhloko yale ngxenye ixoxwa kuvidiyo:

Okudingayo ukwazi ngama-spark plugs

Ukumaka nokuphila kwensizakalo

Ingxenye ngayinye ifakwe ilebula nge-ceramic insulator ukunquma ukuthi izolingana nemoto oyinikiwe noma cha. Nasi isibonelo senye yezinketho:

A - U 17 D V R M 10

Isikhundla sokumaka	Inani lezinhlamvu	Incazelo
1	Uhlobo lwentambo	A - ngentambo М14х1,25 М - intambo М18х1,5 Т - intambo М10х1
2	Indawo yokusekela	K - iwashi eliyindilinga - - iwasha eyisicaba enegasket
3	Ukwakhiwa	I-M - ipulagi elincane elincane У - iheksagoni encishisiwe
4	Inombolo yokushisa	2 - the "hottest" 31 - the "kubanda kakhulu"
5	Ngaphakathi threaded (mm)	N - 11 D - 19 - - 12
6	Izici zesigaxa sokushisa	B - kuphuma emzimbeni - - kuphumule emzimbeni
7	Ukutholakala kwe-glass sealant	P - nge Resistor - - ngaphandle Resistor
8	Impahla Core	M - ithusi - - insimbi
9	Thuthukisa inombolo ye-serial

Umkhiqizi ngamunye ubeka isikhathi sakhe sokushintsha ama-spark plugs. Isibonelo, kufanele kufakwe enye ipulagi eyi-single-electrode spark plug uma ngabe amamayela angekho ngaphezu kwama-30 km. Lesi sici sincike nasenkombeni yamahora wenjini (ukuthi zibalwa kanjani zichazwa kusetshenziswa isibonelo izinguquko zikawoyela wemoto). Amanani abiza kakhulu (i-platinum ne-iridium) adinga ukuguqulwa okungenani ngemuva kwama-90 km.

Impilo yesevisi ye-SZ incike kuzimpawu zento eyenziwe ngayo, kanye nezimo zokusebenza. Isibonelo, ukufakwa kwekhabhoni kuma-electrode kungakhombisa ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lukaphethiloli (ukunikezwa kwenhlanganisela ecebe ngokweqile), nokuqhakaza okumhlophe kukhombisa ukungafani phakathi kwenombolo ekhanyayo ye-spark plug noma ukuthungela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.

Isidingo sokuhlola ama-spark plugs singavela ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• lapho isinyathelo esisheshayo sicindezelwa kakhulu, imoto iphendula ngokulibala okubonakalayo;
• ukuqala kanzima kwenjini (isibonelo, kulokhu udinga ukuvula i-starter isikhathi eside);
• ukwehla kwamandla emoto;
• ukwanda okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli;
• ukhanyisa injini yokuhlola kudeshibhodi;
• ukuqala okuyinkimbinkimbi kwenjini emakhazeni;
• idling engazinzile (motor "troit").

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lezi zici azibonisi ukungasebenzi kahle kwamakhandlela kuphela. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokufaka okunye esikhundleni sabo, kufanele ubheke isimo sabo. Isithombe sikhombisa ukuthi iyiphi injini edinga ukunakekelwa esimweni ngasinye.

Ungahlola kanjani ukuthi amakhandlela asebenza ngendlela efanele

Uma kwenzeka ukusebenza okungalungile kweyunithi yamandla, okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukunaka izakhi ezingaphansi kokushintshwa okuhleliwe. Kunezindlela eziningana zokuhlola ukusebenza kwama-spark plug.

Amanye amandla avaliwe

Abashayeli abaningi bezimoto bayashintshana ngokukhipha izintambo emakhandleleni ngenjini evele isebenza. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile kwalezi zakhi, ukunqamula ucingo lwe-high-voltage kuzothinta ngokushesha ukusebenza kwe-motor - izoqala ukuxubha (ngoba isilinda esisodwa siyekile ukusebenza). Uma ukukhishwa kwesinye sezintambo akuzange kuthinte ukusebenza kweyunithi yamandla, khona-ke leli khandlela alisebenzi. Uma usebenzisa le ndlela, ikhoyili yokuthungela ingalimala (ukuze isebenze isikhathi eside, kufanele ikhishwe njalo, futhi uma ikhishwa ekhandlelani, ukukhishwa akwenzeki, ngakho-ke ikhoyili ngayinye ingabhobozwa).

"Spark" hlola

Lena indlela engase ibe yingozi kangako ikhoyili yokuthungela, ikakhulukazi uma ingeyodwa (ifakwe ekwakhiweni kwezinti zamakhandlela). Ingqikithi yokuhlolwa okunjalo ukuthi ikhandlela alikhihliwe enjinini engenzi lutho. Kufakwa intambo kagesi ephezulu kuyo. Okulandelayo, ikhandlela kufanele lihlanganiswe nesembozo se-valve.

Sizama ukuqala injini. Uma ikhandlela lisebenza, kuzovela inhlansi ecacile phakathi kwama-electrode. Uma kungenamsebenzi, udinga ukushintsha ucingo lwe-high-voltage (ukuvuza kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yokungagxili kahle).

Hlola ngomhloli

Ukuze wenze le nqubo, uzodinga i-spark piezoelectric probe noma umhloli. Ungayithenga esitolo sezingxenye zezimoto. Injini icishiwe. Esikhundleni sekhandlela locingo olunamandla amakhulu, ithiphu lesixhumi esiguquguqukayo somhloli sibekwe ekhandlelani. I-probe probe elayishwe entwasahlobo icindezelwa ngokuqinile nesembozo se-valve (i-motor ground).

Okulandelayo, inkinobho yomhloli icindezelwa izikhathi ezimbalwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhanya kwenkomba kufanele kukhanye, futhi inhlansi eqhekezayo kufanele ivele ekhandlelani. Uma kungakhanyi, kusho ukuthi i-spark plug ayisebenzi.

Kwenzekani uma ama-spark plugs engashintshwa ngesikhathi?

Yiqiniso, uma umshayeli enganaki isimo se-spark plugs, imoto ngeke ithole umonakalo omkhulu. Imiphumela izofika kamuva. Umphumela ovame kakhulu walesi simo ukwehluleka kwenjini ukuqalisa. Isizathu siwukuthi isistimu yokushisa ngokwayo ingasebenza kahle, ibhethri ishajwe ngokugcwele, futhi amakhandlela awanikezi inhlansi enamandla ngokwanele (isibonelo, ngenxa yediphozithi enkulu), noma ungawakhiqizi nhlobo.

Ukuvimbela lokhu, udinga ukunaka izimpawu ezingaqondile ezibonisa izinkinga ngamakhandlela:

1. I-motor yaqala ukuzulazula (i-twitches ingenzi lutho noma ngenkathi ushayela);
2. Injini yaqala ukuqala kabi, amakhandlela ahlala egcwele amanzi;
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha kunyukile;
4. Intuthu ewugqinsi ephuma esitokisini ngenxa yesibaseli esingabasi kahle;
5. Imoto yaqala ukushuba.

Uma umshayeli ezolile ngokuphawulekayo phambi kwazo zonke lezi zibonakaliso, futhi eqhubeka eqhuba imoto yakhe ngendlela efanayo, imiphumela emibi kakhulu izovela maduze - kuze kufike ekuhlulekeni kwemoto.

Omunye wemiphumela engathandeki kakhulu ukuqhunyiswa kaningi kwamasilinda (lapho ingxube yamafutha omoya ingashi ngokushelela, kodwa iqhuma kakhulu) Ukunganaki umsindo wensimbi ohlukile ngesikhathi injini isebenza kuzophumela kuntuthu omnyama ophuma epayipini le-exhaust, eliwumphumela wokungawunaki. ikhombisa ukwehluleka kwenjini.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Spark plug

Ukuhluleka kwama-spark plugs kuboniswa ukungabikho okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kokuthungela ku-cylinders eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Awukwazi ukudida lo mphumela nganoma yini - uma ikhandlela elilodwa noma amabili engasebenzi ngesikhathi esisodwa, injini ngeke iqale noma izosebenza ingazinzile ngokwedlulele ("izothimula" futhi inyakaze).

Ama-Spark plugs awaqukethe noma yiziphi izindlela noma inani elikhulu lezinto, ngakho-ke ukungasebenzi kwawo okuyinhloko ukuqhekeka noma ama-chips ku-insulator noma ukuguqulwa kwama-electrode (igebe phakathi kwawo liyancibilika noma lishintshile). Amakhandlela azosebenza ngokungazinzi uma umule usunqwabelene kuwo.

Indlela yokunakekela amakhandlela ebusika?

Ochwepheshe abaningi batusa ukufaka amakhandlela amasha ebusika, noma ngabe amadala asasebenza kahle. Isizathu siwukuthi lapho uqalisa injini emile ubusuku bonke emakhazeni, izinga lokushisa lenhlansi ebuthakathaka ngeke lanele ukuthungela uphethiloli obandayo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi amakhandlela enze izinhlansi ezinamafutha. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sasebusika, kuzokwazi ukufaka i-SZ endala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokusebenza komshini ebusika, ama-carbon deposits angakha emakhandlelani, amakhulu kunesikhathi sokusebenza kwamanye amakhandlela ezinkathini ezintathu ezisele. Lokhu kwenzeka phakathi nohambo olufushane emakhazeni. Kule modi, injini ayishisi kahle, yingakho amakhandlela engakwazi ukuzihlanza eyedwa. Ukwenza le nqubo isebenze, injini kufanele ilethwe kuqala ekushiseni okusebenzayo, bese iqhutshwa ngesivinini esikhulu.

Ungayikhetha kanjani i-spark plugs?

Kwezinye izimo, impendulo yalo mbuzo incike kumakhono wezezimali womshayeli. Ngakho-ke, uma amasistimu okuthungela nokuhlinzekwa kukaphethiloli amiswe kahle, ama-plugs ajwayelekile ashintsha kuphela ngenxa yokuthi umkhiqizi udinga kanjalo.

Inketho engcono kakhulu ukuthenga ama-plugs anconywe ngumenzi wenjini. Uma le parameter ingacacisiwe, kulokhu kulokhu umuntu kufanele aqondiswe ngosayizi wekhandlela nepharamitha yenombolo ekhanyayo.

Abanye abashayeli banamasheya amabili amakhandlela ngasikhathi sinye (ebusika nasehlobo). Ukushayela amabanga amafushane nakuma-revs aphansi kudinga ukufakwa kokushintshwa "okushisayo" (kaningi izimo ezinjalo zenzeka ebusika). Uhambo olude ngejubane eliphakeme, kunalokho, luzodinga ukufakwa kwama-analogs athe xaxa.

Isici esibalulekile lapho ukhetha i-SZ ngumkhiqizi. Imikhiqizo eholayo ithatha imali ngaphezu kwegama nje kuphela (njengoba abanye abashayeli bakholelwa ngephutha). Amakhandlela avela kubakhiqizi abanjengoBosch, iChampion, i-NGK, njll. Anensiza eyengeziwe, asebenzisa ama-alloys ensimbi angenalutho futhi avikeleke kakhulu ku-oxidation.

Ukugcinwa ngesikhathi esifanele kohlelo lokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli kanye nokuthungela umlilo kuzokwandisa kakhulu impilo yama-plugs futhi kuqinisekise ukusimama kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.

Ngemininingwane engaphezulu ngomsebenzi wama-spark plugs nokuthi yikuphi ukuguqulwa okungcono, bona ividiyo:

Ividiyo ngesihloko

Nansi ividiyo emfushane yamaphutha ajwayelekile lapho ukhetha ama-spark plugs amasha:

Amaphutha angu-5 lapho ukhetha ama-spark plug

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ngelani ikhandlela emotweni? Kuyingxenye yesistimu yokuthungela enesibopho sokuthungela ingxube yomoya / uphethiloli. Ama-spark plug asetshenziswa ezinjinini ezisebenza ngophethiloli noma igesi.

Likuphi ikhandlela elifakwe emotweni? Ifakwe ku-spark plug etholakala kahle ekhanda lesilinda. Ngenxa yalokho, i-electrode yayo isegunjini elivuthayo le-cylinder.

Wazi kanjani uma sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha ama-spark plugs akho? Ukuqala okunzima kwe-motor; amandla eyunithi yamandla ehlile; ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli; "Pensiveness" ngomshini obukhali phezu kwegesi; ukukhubeka injini.