Injini Lubrication uhlelo. Inhloso, umgomo wokusebenza, ukusebenza

Ayikho i-ICE eyodwa ekwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kohlelo lokuthambisa injini. Lokhu kubuka konke kuchaza inhloso yohlelo, ukungasebenzi kahle kwalo nezincomo zokulondolozwa.

Inhloso yohlelo lokuthambisa injini

Injini yemoto iyunithi enkulu eshayela imoto. Iqukethe izingxenye ezingamakhulu ezihlangene. Cishe zonke izinto zalo zichayeke ekushiseni okunamandla nasemandleni okulwa.

Ngaphandle kokuthambisa okufanele, noma iyiphi imoto izophuka ngokushesha. Inhloso yayo inhlanganisela yezici eziningana:

• Gcoba izingxenye zokunciphisa ukugqoka ebusweni babo ngesikhathi sokushayisana;
• Izingxenye ezishisayo ezipholile;
• Hlanza ubuso bezingxenye kusuka kuma-chips amancane kanye ne-carbon deposits;
• Vimbela i-oxidation yezakhi zensimbi ekuxhumaneni nomoya;
• Kokunye ukuguqulwa kweyunithi, uwoyela uwuketshezi olusebenzayo lokulungisa abaphakamisa u-hydraulic, ama-tensioners tensioners nezinye izinhlelo.

Ukususwa kokushisa nokususwa kwezinhlayiya zangaphandle ezintweni zezimoto kwenzeka ngenxa yokujikeleza oketshezi njalo kolayini kawoyela. Funda ngomphumela kawoyela kunjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, kanye nokukhethwa kwezinto zokuthambisa ezisezingeni eliphakeme. esihlokweni esehlukile.

Izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokuthambisa

Lezi yizinhlobo zezinhlelo zokuthambisa:

• Ngokucindezelwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, kufakwa iphampu kawoyela. Idala ingcindezi kulayini kawoyela.
• Futha noma i-centrifugal. Imvamisa kulokhu, umphumela we-centrifuge wenziwa - izingxenye zizungeza futhi zifafaze uwoyela kuwo wonke umgodi womshini. Inkungu kawoyela ihlala ezingxenyeni ezithile. Isithambisi sigeleza ngamandla adonsela phansi sibuyele echibini;
• Kuhlanganisiwe. Lolu hlobo lokugcoba luvame ukusetshenziselwa izinjini zezimoto zesimanje. Uwoyela unikezwa ezinye izingxenye zenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngaphansi kwengcindezi, futhi kwabanye ngokufafaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yokuqala ihlose ukugcoba okuphoqelelwe kwezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, kungakhathalekile indlela yokusebenza yeyunithi. Le ndlela ivumela ukusetshenziswa kahle kukawoyela wenjini.

Futhi, zonke izinhlelo zihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili ezibalulekile:

• Isigaxa esimanzi. Kulezi zinguqulo, uwoyela uqoqwa esampeni. Iphampu kawoyela iyayimunca bese iyampompa ngemigudu iye kuyunithi oyifunayo;
• Sump owomile. Lolu hlelo lunamaphampu amabili: amaphampu owodwa, kanti elinye limunca uwoyela ogelezela esampeni. Wonke uwoyela uqoqwa echibini.

Kafushane mayelana nobuhle nobubi balezi zinhlobo zezinhlelo:

Uhlelo Lubrication:	isithunzi	amaphutha
Sump owomile	Umkhiqizi wemoto angasebenzisa isithuthi esinobude obuphansi; Lapho ushayela emithambekeni, imoto iyaqhubeka nokuthola ingxenye efanelekile yokugcoba okupholile; Ukuba khona kwerediyetha yokupholisa kunikeza ukupholisa okungcono kwezingxenye zenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi.	Izindleko zemoto enohlelo olunjalo zibiza izikhathi eziningi; Izingxenye eziningi ezingaphuka.
Isigaxa esimanzi	Ama-actuator ambalwa: isihlungi esisodwa nepompo eyodwa	Njengomphumela wokusebenza kwenjini, uwoyela ungagwebu amagwebu; I-lubricant ifafaza kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi injini ingathola indlala encane kawoyela; Noma isump ingezansi kwenjini, uwoyela awunaso isikhathi sokupholisa kuwo ngenxa yevolumu enkulu; Lapho ushayela emthambekeni omude, ipompo ayifuni igrisi eyanele, engadala ukuthi imoto ishise ngokweqile.

Idivayisi, inqubo yokusebenza kohlelo lokuthambisa

Uhlelo lwakudala lunesakhiwo esilandelayo:

• I-Hole phezulu kwesithuthi ukugcwalisa ivolumu yokugcoba;
• Itreyi lokudonsa lapho uwoyela uqoqwa khona. Kukhona ipulagi ezansi, elenzelwe ukukhipha uwoyela ngesikhathi sokulungisa noma ukulungisa;
• Iphampu lenza ingcindezi kulayini kawoyela;
• I-dipstick ekuvumela ukuthi unqume ivolumu kawoyela nesimo sayo;
• Ukudla kukawoyela, okwethulwe ngesimo sepayipi, kufakwa ukuxhumeka kwepompo. Imvamisa iba nenetha elincane lokuhlanza uwoyela;
• Isihlungi sisusa izinhlayiya ezincane kusuka ku-lubricant. Ngenxa yalokhu, injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ithola ukugcoba kwekhwalithi ephezulu;
• Izinzwa (izinga lokushisa nokucindezela);
• Isipholisanjini. Itholakala ezimotweni eziningi zesimanje ezomile. Isebenza ukupholisa uwoyela osetshenzisiwe kahle. Ezimotweni eziningi zesabelomali, ipani likawoyela lenza lo msebenzi;
• Amagesi okuchichima. Ivimbela uwoyela ekubuyeleni echibini ngaphandle kokuqeda umjikelezo wokuthambisa;
• Umgwaqo omkhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, yenziwa ngendlela yemifantu ekhrankcase nakwezinye izingxenye (ngokwesibonelo, izimbobo ku-crankshaft).

Umgomo wokusebenza umi ngale ndlela elandelayo. Lapho injini iqala, iphampu kawoyela iqala ukusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo. Inikezela ngamafutha ngesihlungi ngeziteshi zekhanda lesilinda kuya kumayunithi alayishwe kakhulu weyunithi - kumabombo we-crankshaft ne-camshaft.

Ezinye izinto zesikhathi zithola ukuthambisa ngamaslots ku-crankshaft main bearing. Uwoyela ugeleza ngamandla adonsela phansi esampini egudle imifula ekhanda lesilinda. Lokhu kuvala isekethe.

Ngokufana nokuthambisa izingxenye eziyinhloko zophiko, uwoyela uphumela emigodini yezinduku zokuxhuma bese ufafaza ku-piston nasodongeni lwesilinda. Ngenxa yale nqubo, ukushisa kukhishwa kuma-piston, futhi ukungqubuzana kwama-O-rings esilinda nakho kuncishisiwe.

Kodwa-ke, ama-motors amaningi anesimiso esihluke kancane sokuthambisa izingxenye ezincane. Kuzo, i-crank mshini iphula amathonsi abe uthuli lwamafutha, oluhlala ezingxenyeni ezinzima ukufinyelela kuzo. Ngale ndlela, bathola ukuthambisa okudingekayo kubonga izinhlayiya ezincane ze-lubricant eyakhiwe.

Uhlelo lokugcotshwa kwenjini kadizili lunepayipi le-turbocharger. Lapho lo mshini usebenza, uyashisa kakhulu ngenxa yamagesi okukhipha umoya ajikeleza umfutho, ngakho-ke izingxenye zawo nazo zidinga ukupholisa. Izinjini zikaphethiloli ezine-Turbo zinomklamo ofanayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, bukela ividiyo ngokubaluleka kwengcindezi kawoyela:

Injini kawoyela, isebenza kanjani?

Kusebenza kanjani uhlelo lokuhlanganisa i-sump wet wet

Isimiso sokusebenza salesi sifunda sinokulandelana okulandelayo. Lapho imoto iqala, ipompo idonsela uwoyela kulayini wamafutha wezimoto. Itheku lokumunca linemeshini ekhipha izinhlayiya ezinkulu emafutheni.

Uwoyela ugeleza ngezinto zokuhlunga zesihlungi sikawoyela. Ngemuva kwalokho umugqa usatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amayunithi weyunithi. Ngokuya ngokuguqulwa kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, ingahlonywa ngemibhobho yokufafaza noma emiseleni ezingxenyeni eziphezulu zokuphatha.

1. Ipayipi lokugcwalisa uwoyela
2. Ipompo kaphethiloli
3. Ipayipi lokuhambisa uwoyela
4. Uwoyela esidayisa tube
5. isihlungi samafutha seCentrifugal
6. Isihlungi samafutha
7. Isikali sokucindezela uwoyela
8. I-valve yesihlungi sokudlula uwoyela
9. Radiator kampompi
10. AmaRadiator
11. I-valve ehlukile
12. I-valve yokuphepha yesigaba se-radiator
13. Uwoyela sump
14. Ipayipi lokudonsa ngokudla
15. Isigaba serediyetha yepompo yamafutha
16. Isigaba sokuphakelwa kwepompo kawoyela
17. Ukunciphisa i-valve yesigaba sokulethwa
18. Cavity for eyengeziwe centrifugal yokuhlanza uwoyela

Umthamo kawoyela ongasetshenziswanga oya ku-KShM nesikhathi, ngenxa yokuthi, enjinini esebenza, i-lubricant ifafazwa kwezinye izingxenye zophiko. Lonke uketshezi olusebenzayo lubuya ngamandla adonsela phansi echibini (sump noma ethangini). Kuleli qophelo, uwoyela uhlanza ingaphezulu lezingxenye kusuka kushevu lwensimbi kanye nokufakwa kukawoyela okushisiwe. Kulesi sigaba, iluphu ivaliwe.

Izinga lamafutha nencazelo yalo

Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekutheni kungakanani uwoyela osemotweni. Kumamodeli ane-sump emanzi, ileveli ekhonjiswe ngamanothi kudipiki ayivunyelwe ukuphakama noma ukuwa. Uma inani liphansi, imoto izothola i-lubricant enganele (ikakhulukazi lapho ushayela ekwehleni). Noma izingxenye zithanjisiwe, ama-piston ashisayo namasilinda ngeke aphole, okuzoholela ekushiseni kakhulu kwenjini.

Izinga lokuthambisa emotweni lihlolwe ngenjini icishiwe ngemuva kokuzifudumeza okufishane. Okokuqala, sula idipstick ngendwangu. Ibuye ibuyiselwe endaweni yayo. Ngokuyisusa, umshayeli anganquma ukuthi ungakanani uwoyela okuso sump. Uma kungaphansi kokudingekile, udinga ukugcwalisa ivolumu.

Uma inani elivunyelwe lidluliwe, uwoyela owedlulele uzogwebu futhi uphele, okuzothinta kabi ukusebenza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukukhipha uketshezi nge-plug ezansi kwesump. Futhi, ngombala kawoyela, unganquma isidingo sokushintshwa kwawo.

Imoto ngayinye inokuhamba kwayo okokuthambisa. Lolu lwazi luqukethwe embhalweni wezobuchwepheshe wemoto. Kukhona izinjini ezidinga u-3,5 litre kawoyela, futhi kukhona ezidinga umthamo ongaphezulu kwamalitha ayi-7.

Umehluko phakathi kukaphethiloli kanye nohlelo lokuthambisa lwenjini kadizili

Ezimotweni ezinjalo, uhlelo lokuthambisa lusebenza cishe ngendlela efanayo, ngoba lunesakhiwo esivamile. Umehluko kuphela uhlobo lwamafutha asetshenziswa kulezi zingxenye. Injini kadizili ishisa kakhulu, ngakho-ke uwoyela wayo kufanele uhlangabezane nalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

• Melana namazinga okushisa aphezulu;
• Kungcono ukugeza umule, ngoba ugcwele kakhulu izinjini zikadizili;
• Kumele imelane nokusabela kwamakhemikhali ngenxa yokuxhumana namagesi aqeda amandla. Ezinjini zikadizili, igesi yokukhipha ingangena ku-crankcase ngenxa yokuminyaniswa okuphezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu impilo kawoyela wenjini.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamafutha:

• Izinto zokwenziwa;
• Ama-semi-synthetics;
• Amanzi amaminerali.

Ngamunye wabo unesisekelo esisodwa, kodwa isethi yakhe yezithasiselo, lapho insiza kawoyela incike khona. Le pharamitha ithinta imvamisa yokushintshwa. Izinto zokwenziwa zinesikhathi eside, ama-semi-synthetics asendaweni yesibili, kanti uwoyela wamaminerali usekupheleni kohlu.

Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izimoto ezizosebenza kuma-synthetics (ngokwesibonelo, ama-motors amadala adinga okokusebenza okungaphansi koketshezi lwefilimu ka-oyela) Izincomo zohlobo lwamafutha okugcoba kanye nemithethonqubo yokushintshwa kwawo kukhonjiswe ngumenzi wezokuthutha.

Ngokuphathelene ezimbili-unhlangothi izinjini, ukulungiswa enjalo akukho crankcase, futhi uwoyela ixubene nophethiloli. Ukumanziswa kwazo zonke izinto kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthintana nophethiloli oily otholakala ezindlini zezimoto. Alukho uhlelo lokusabalalisa igesi ezinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi ezinjalo, ngakho-ke i-lubricant enjalo yanele.

Kukhona nohlelo lokuthambisa oluhlukile lwezinjini ezinama-stroke amabili. Inamathangi amabili ahlukene. Elinye liqukethe uphethiloli kanti elinye liqukethe uwoyela. Lezi ziketshezi ezimbili zixubene emgodini wokungenisa umoya wemoto. Kukhona okunye ukuguqulwa lapho i-grease inikezwa khona ekuphatheni okuvela echibini elihlukile.

Lolu hlelo lukuvumela ukuthi ulungise okuqukethwe uwoyela kuphethiloli ngokuya ngemodi yokusebenza yenjini. Akunandaba ukuthi igrisi ihlinzekwa kanjani, ekushayweni unhlangothi kabili isahlanganiswa nophethiloli. Yingakho ivolumu yayo kufanele igcwaliswe njalo.

Izincomo zokusebenza nokugcinwa kohlelo lokuthambisa

Ukuqina kwenjini kuncike ekusebenzeni kahle kohlelo lokuthambisa injini. Ngalesi sizathu, udinga ukunakekelwa njalo. Le nqubo yenziwa esigabeni ngasinye sokugcinwa kwanoma iyiphi imoto. Uma ezinye izingxenye nemihlangano kunganakwa kancane (yize ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwezokuthutha kudinga ukunakekelwa okufanele kuzo zonke izinhlelo), khona-ke ukunganaki ekushintsheni uwoyela nesihlungi kuzoholela ekulungisweni okubizayo. Endabeni yeminye imishini, kushibhile ukuthenga entsha kunokuqalisa ukukhanda injini.

Ngaphezu kokufakwa esikhundleni okusetshenzisiwe ngesikhathi esifanele, umnikazi wemoto kulindeleke ukuthi asebenzise kahle amandla kagesi uqobo. Lapho uqala injini ngemuva kwesikhathi eside sokungenzi lutho (amahora angu-5-8 anele), wonke uwoyela use-sump, futhi kukhona ifilimu kawoyela encane kuphela ezingxenyeni zomshini.

Uma ngalesi sikhathi unikeza imoto umthwalo (qala ukushayela), ngaphandle kokuthambisa okufanele, izingxenye zizohluleka ngokushesha. Iqiniso ngukuthi ipompo ithatha isikhashana ukucindezela uwoyela ojiyile (ngoba uyabanda) kulo lonke ulayini.

Ngalesi sizathu, ngisho nenjini yanamuhla idinga ukufudunyezwa okuncane ukuze igrisi ifinyelele kuwo wonke amayunithi weyunithi. Le nqubo ngeke isathatha ebusika njengoba umshayeli enesikhathi sokususa lonke iqhwa emotweni (kufaka phakathi uphahla). Izimoto ezinesistimu ye-LPG zenza le nqubo ibe lula. I-elektroniki ngeke ishintshele kuphethiloli kuze kube yilapho injini seyifudumele.

Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe emithethweni yokushintsha uwoyela. Abantu abaningi bathembela kuma-mileage, kepha le nkomba ayikhombisi ngokunembile imvamisa yenqubo. Iqiniso ngukuthi noma ngabe imoto eboshiwe isesiminyaminyeni sezimoto noma ingena kujamu, uwoyela usalahlekelwa izinto zawo kancane kancane, yize imoto ingashayela kancane.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho umshayeli evame ukushayela amabanga amade emgwaqeni omkhulu, kule ndlela uwoyela uchitha insiza yakhe isikhathi eside, noma ngabe i-mileage isivele imboziwe. Funda ukuthi ungabala kanjani amahora enjini lapha.

Futhi hlobo luni lwamafutha olungcono ukuwathela enjinini yemoto yakho luchazwe kuvidiyo elandelayo:

Injini kawoyela, isebenza kanjani?

Okunye ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lokuthambisa

Ngokuvamile, lesi simiso asinayo inqwaba yamaphutha, kepha abonakaliswa kakhulu ngokwanda kokusetshenziswa kukawoyela noma ingcindezi yayo ephansi. Nawa amaphutha amakhulu nokuthi ungalungisa kanjani:

Ukungasebenzi uphawu:	Ukungasebenzi kahle okungenzeka:	Izinketho Zesixazululo:
Ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela okwandisiwe	Ubunzima besisefo buyephuliwe (bujijelwe kabi); Ukuvuza ngokusebenzisa ama-gaskets (ngokwesibonelo, i-crankcase gasket); Ukuwohloka kwePallet; Ukungeniswa komoya kwe-Crankcase kuvimbekile; Isikhathi noma i-KShM ukungasebenzi kahle.	Shintsha ama-gaskets, hlola ukufakwa okulungile kwesihlungi sikawoyela (bebengayifaka ngokungalingani, okwenze ukuthi ingasonteki ngokuphelele), ukulungisa isikhathi, i-KShM noma ukuhlanza umoya omncane we-crankcase, kufanele uxhumane nochwepheshe
Ukucindezela kwesistimu kwehlile	Isihlungi sigcwele kakhulu; Iphampu yephukile; I-valve (s) yokunciphisa ingcindezi yephukile; Izinga likawoyela liphansi; Inzwa yengcindezi yephukile.	Ukuhlunga esikhundleni, ukulungisa izingxenye ezingalungile.

Amaphutha amaningi atholakala ngokuhlolwa okubonakalayo kweyunithi yamandla. Uma kubonakala kuwo ama-smudges kagesi, le ngxenye idinga ukulungiswa. Imvamisa, uma kwenzeka ukuvuza okunzima, ibala lizohlala lakha ngaphansi komshini.

Eminye imisebenzi yokulungisa idinga ukuqaqa okuncane noma okuphelele kwemoto, ngakho ezimweni ezinjalo kungcono ukwethemba uchwepheshe. Ikakhulukazi uma kutholakala ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-KShM noma isikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo akuvamile.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Iyini inhloso yesistimu yokugcoba injini? Isistimu yokugcoba inciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezingxenye zenjini, iqinisekisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon deposit kanye nokuguga okuhle, futhi ipholisa lezi zingxenye futhi ivimbele ukugqwala kwazo.

Likuphi ithange lamafutha enjini? Ezinhlelweni ze-sump ezimanzi, lena yi-sump (ngaphansi kwe-cylinder block). Ezinhlelweni ezine-sump eyomile, lena indawo yokugcina amanzi ehlukile (i-oiler idwetshwa esivalweni).

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokuthambisa ezikhona? I-sump emanzi engu-1 (amafutha ku-sump); 2 i-sump eyomile (amafutha aqoqwa endaweni ehlukile). Ukuthambisa kungenziwa ngokuchaphaza, umjovo wengcindezi, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili.