Intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka evela ekuqothulweni

Lapho umshini usebenza, imikhiqizo yomlilo ikhishwa ekuqothulweni, okudlule esigabeni sokunciphisa umsindo nokungathathi hlangothi kwezinto eziyingozi. Le nqubo ihlale ihambisana nokwakheka kwentuthu. Ikakhulukazi uma injini ibanda, futhi kunomswakama noma kuneqhwa ngaphandle, intuthu izoba mkhulu, ngoba iqukethe inani elikhulu le-condensate (lapho livela khona, ithi lapha).

Kodwa-ke, imvamisa ukukhipha akubhemi nje kuphela, kepha kunomthunzi othize, ongasetshenziswa ukuthola isimo senjini. Cabanga ukuthi kungani intuthu ye-exhaust iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Kungani ibhema intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusuka kwipayipi le-exhaust

Okuwukuphela kwesizathu esenza intuthu ibe nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kungenxa yokuthi uwoyela wenjini uvutha esilindini. Imvamisa le nkinga ihambisana nokuphazamiseka kokuhambisana nenjini, isibonelo, iqala ukusebenza, uwoyela uhlala udinga ukwengezwa, ukufaka idling yunithi akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokugcwaliswa kwegesi, ukuqala injini esimweni sezulu esibandayo (kaningi udizili uhlushwa inkinga enjalo) kunzima kakhulu, njll.

Ungasebenzisa isivivinyo esilula ukuthola ukuthi ngabe uwoyela ungene yini ku-muffler. Siqala injini, sithathe iphepha bese silifaka esikhundleni se-exhaust. Uma ipayipi likhipha amathonsi kawoyela, izindawo ezinamafutha zizovela eshidini. Umphumela waleli sheke ukhombisa inkinga enkulu enganakwa.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzodingeka kwenziwe ukulungiswa okubizayo. Ngaphezu kwenhlokodolobha yenjini, isiguquli sokuguqula kuzodingeka siguqulwe maduzane. Kungani amafutha kanye nophethiloli ongashiswanga kungavunyelwe ukungena kulesi sici, kuchazwe ku- ukubuyekeza okuhlukile.

Imvamisa, injini endala, esondela ekulungisweni okukhulu, izobhema ngomshini ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lokhu kungenxa yokukhiqizwa okuphezulu ezingxenyeni ze-cylinder-piston group (ngokwesibonelo, ukugqoka ama-O-rings). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuncipha kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi kunciphisa, futhi amandla weyunithi nawo ancipha, ngenxa yokuthi ukusheshisa kwezokuthutha kuba namandla amancane.

Kepha akuvamile ukuthi intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ivele epayipini le-exhaust nakwezinye izimoto ezintsha. Lokhu kuvame ukubonwa ngesikhathi sokufudumala ebusika. Lapho injini ishisa, umphumela uyanyamalala. Lokhu kungenzeka lapho umshayeli wemoto esebenzisa uwoyela wokwenziwa, futhi ama-semi-synthetics noma amanzi amaminerali ngokujwayelekile akhonjiswa kumiyalo yokusebenza kwemoto (funda ngomehluko phakathi kwalezi zinto lapha).

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho igrisi ewuketshezi enjinini ebandayo ingena emasongweni okucindezela angene emgodini wesilinda. Lapho uphethiloli (noma udizili) uvutha, into ishe ingxenye, kuthi konke okunye kundizele ezinhlwini eziningi ze-exhaust. Njengoba injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ifudumala, izingxenye zayo zanda kancane kusuka ekushiseni, ngenxa yalokho leli gebe liyasuswa, nentuthu iyanyamalala.

Izici ezilandelayo zithinta okuqukethwe kwentuthu yemoto:

• Ishisa kangakanani injini yomlilo yangaphakathi (funda ngokushisa okusebenzayo kwenjini ku esinye isihloko; ngokuqondene nemibuso yokushisa yenjini kadizili, funda lapha);
• Ngabe uwoyela wenjini uhlangabezana nezidingo zomkhiqizi we-ICE;
• Inani lezinguquko ze-crankshaft ngesikhathi sokufudumala nokushayela;
• Izimo lapho imoto isebenza khona (ngokwesibonelo, esimweni sezulu esimanzi namakhaza, amafomu we-condensation ohlelweni lwe-exhaust, olungasuswa ngokushayela ngokushesha ku-track nge-rpm esitebeleni).

Esikhathini esiningi, izimpawu zokuqala zezinkinga ngenjini no-oyela ongena kwisilinda kungabonakala ngentuthu egcwele (ekwindla nasebusika), ngenkathi imoto ifudumala. Ukuhlola njalo izinga likawoyela esumpheni kuzosiza ekutholeni ukuthi injini isiqalile ukuthatha uwoyela futhi idinga ukugcwaliswa futhi.

Ngaphezu kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekuqothulweni, lezi zinto ezilandelayo zingabonisa ukuba khona kukawoyela kumasilinda:

1. Iyunithi yamandla iqala ukuphindaphindeka kathathu;
2. Injini iqala ukudla inani elikhulu lokugcoba (ezimweni eziphambili, lesi sibalo singakhuphukela ku-1000ml / 100km);
3. Idiphozi yediphozi yekhabhoni ivele kuma-spark plugs (ngemininingwane eminingi ngalokhu, bheka okunye ukubuyekeza);
4. Imibhobho evinjelwe, ngenxa yokuthi uphethiloli awufuthwanga egumbini, kepha uthela kuwo;
5. Ukuminyaniswa kuyawa (mayelana nokuthi kuyini nokuthi ungayikala kanjani, funda laphakungaba kuwo wonke amasilinda, ngoba kwelinye lawo;
6. Emakhazeni, injini yaqala ukubhebhetheka kabi, futhi yaze yaya etafuleni ngesikhathi sokusebenza (kuvame ukubonwa ezinjini zikadizili, ngoba esimweni sabo izinga lomlilo wephethiloli lincike ekucindezelweni);
7. Kwezinye izimo, kunuka iphunga lentuthu elingena egumbini labagibeli (ukuze kufudumale ingaphakathi, isitofu sithatha umoya egumbini lenjini, lapho intuthu ingangena khona uma imoto imile nomoya uvunguza emgwaqweni ngemuva).

Uwoyela ungena kanjani kumasilinda

Uwoyela ungangena isilinda ngokusebenzisa:

• Izindandatho zokucindezelwa nezokupheka zikawoyela ezifakwe kuma-piston;
• Ngokusebenzisa igebe elivelayo emkhonweni womhlahlandlela we-valve, kanye nangenxa yokugqokwa kwezimpawu zama-valve stem (ama-valve oil seals);
• Uma iyunithi ifakwe i-turbocharger, khona-ke ukungasebenzi kahle kwalo mshini nakho kungaholela ekungeneni kukawoyela engxenyeni eshisayo yohlelo lokukhipha.

Kungani uwoyela ungena kumasilinda

Ngakho-ke, uwoyela ungangena ohlelweni lokukhipha okushisayo noma isilinda senjini ngokusebenza okungalungile okulandelayo:

1. Uphawu lukawoyela lwevalve selugugile (ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngokufaka enye ingxenye yale ndawo, bheka lapha);
2. Ukuqina kwe-valve (okukodwa noma ngaphezulu) kuphukile;
3. Kuklwebhekile ukwakheka ngaphakathi kwamasilinda;
4. Amasongo e-Stuck piston noma ukwehlukana kwezinye zazo;
5. Ijometri yesilinda (ama) iphukile.

Lapho i-valve isha, iyabonakala ngokushesha - imoto ayinamandla amancane. Esinye sezimpawu zama-valve ashile ukwehla okukhulu kokucindezelwa. Ake sihlolisise lezi zinkinga ezingezansi.

Ama-seal valve stem seal

Izimpawu zamanzi ka-Valve kufanele ziguquguquke. Afakwe kusiqu se-valve ukususa i-lubricant kusuka ku-valve stem ukuvimbela ukugqoka. Uma le ngxenye iba lukhuni, icindezela isiqu sibe sibi kakhulu, kubangele ukuthi amanye amafutha angene emgodini we-itheku noma i-outlet.

Lapho umshayeli esebenzisa amabhuleki enjini noma eqala imoto ngokugudluza, ngokusebenzisa amakepisi aqinile noma aqhekekile, uwoyela omningi ungena kusilinda noma uhlala ezindongeni zezinto eziningi ze-exhaust. Lapho nje izinga lokushisa emgodini likhuphuka, igrisi iqala ukubhema, yenze intuthu ngomthunzi oyisici.

Amaphutha esimweni samasilinda

Lokhu kungenzeka lapho imfucumfucu efana nezinhlamvu zesihlabathi ezinomoya, ingena kwisilinda uma isihlungi somoya sidabukile. Kwenzeka ukuthi lapho kushintshwa noma kubhekwa ama-spark plugs, umshayeli akanaki, futhi ukungcola okuvela esikhaleni esiseduze naphakade kungena ekhandleleni kahle.

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, izinhlayiya ezihluphayo zangaphandle zingena phakathi kwendandatho ye-piston nodonga lwesilinda. Ngenxa yomphumela oqinile womshini, isibuko sendawo siyaklwebheka, ama-grooves noma ama-scuffs akha kuso.

Lokhu kuholela ekwephuleni ukuqina kwama-piston namasilinda, ngenxa yokuthi i-oil wedge ayanele, futhi i-lubricant iqala ukuvela emgodini osebenzayo.

Esinye isizathu sokuvela kwezinhlayiya ezilimazayo kumasilinda uwoyela wekhwalithi embi. Abanye abashayeli abayishayi mkhuba imithethonqubo yokushintsha igrisi, kanye nesihlungi sikawoyela. Ngalesi sizathu, inqwaba yezinhlayiya zensimbi iqoqa emvelweni (zivela ngenxa yokwehla kwezinye izingxenye zophiko), futhi kancane kancane zivale isihlungi, esingaholela ekuqhekekeni kwaso.

Lapho imoto imile isikhathi eside, futhi injini yayo ingaqali ngezikhathi ezithile, ukugqwala kungavela emasongweni. Lapho nje injini iqala, lolu qwembe luklwebha izindonga zesilinda.

Esinye isizathu sokwephulwa kwesibuko se-cylinder ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye ezisezingeni eliphansi ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwenjini. Lezi kungaba izindandatho ezishibhile noma amapistoni anamaphutha.

Ukushintsha i-geometry yesilinda

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kweyunithi yamandla, i-geometry yamasilinda iyashintsha kancane kancane. Vele, le yinqubo ende, ngakho-ke ijwayelekile kumamoto ane-mileage ephezulu, nalabo asevele besondela ekulungisweni okukhulu.

Ukunquma lokhu kungasebenzi kahle, kuyadingeka ukuyisa imoto esiteshini sesevisi. Inqubo yenziwa kwimishini ekhethekile, ngakho-ke ayinakwenziwa ekhaya.

Ukuvela kwamasongo

Izindandatho zokucindezelwa kanye nezikawoyela zenziwa ngobubanzi obukhulu kunama-piston. Banesikhala ohlangothini olulodwa esivumela ukuthi iringi icindezelwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho kusetshenziswa uwoyela omubi noma uphethiloli nokwakheka kwamakhabhoni, iringi inamathela emgodini we-piston, okuholela ekuvuzeni kweqembu le-cylinder-piston.

Futhi, ukwakheka kwamakhabhoni emasongweni kuphazamisa ukususwa kokushisa odongeni lwe-cylinder. Imvamisa kulokhu, kubunjelwa intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho imoto ishesha. Le nkinga ihambisana nokwehla kokucindezelwa, kanye nakho namandla emoto.

Esinye isizathu sokuvela komusi ompunga ovela ekuqothulweni ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-crankcase ventilation. Ugesi oyi-crankcase, onengcindezi ephezulu, ubheka ukuthi ungaya kuphi futhi wakhe umfutho omkhulu kawoyela, oqala ukuphuma phakathi kwamasongo e-piston. Ukuze ulungise le nkinga, kufanele uhlole isihlukanisi sikawoyela esisenhla kwenjini (ezimotweni ezindala zakudala) ngaphansi kwentamo yokugcwalisa uwoyela.

Izimbangela ezingavamile zentuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Ngaphezu kokungasebenzi kahle okubalwe, ukwakheka kwentuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kungenzeka ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, ezingejwayelekile. Nazi ezinye zazo:

1. Imoto entsha yaqala ukubhema. Ngokuyinhloko, umphumela ofanayo uvela lapho injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ifudumala. Isizathu esiyinhloko izingxenye ezingakhuhleki komunye nomunye. Lapho imoto ifinyelela ebangeni lokushisa elisebenzayo, igebe liyanyamalala phakathi kwezakhi, futhi iyunithi iyeka ukubhema.
2. Uma umshini ufakwe i-turbocharger, uwoyela ungabhema noma ngabe iqembu lama-cylinder-piston nama-valve asebenza kahle. I-turbine uqobo isebenza ngenxa yomthelela wamagesi okukhipha ku-impeller yayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izakhi zalo ziyafudunyezwa kancane kancane kushisa lokushisa elishiya isilinda, okuthi kwezinye izimo lidlule amadigri ayi-1000. Amabheringi agugile nokuvala ama-bushings kancane kancane ayayeka ukugcina uwoyela owenzelwe ukuthambisa, lapho amanye awo angena ezinhlotsheni eziningi ze-exhaust, lapho uqala khona ukubhema nokusha. Inkinga enjalo itholakala ngokudiliza kancane i-turbine, emva kwalokho kubhekwa isimo somoya wayo kanye nomgodi oseduze nezimpawu. Uma iminonjana kawoyela ibonakala kubo, khona-ke izakhi ezingashintshwa kufanele zishintshwe ezintsha.

Nazi ezinye izimbangela ezingavamile kakhulu zamafutha angena kumasilinda noma amapayipi wokukhipha:

• Ngenxa yokuqhuma njalo kwemoto, amasongo noma amabhuloho ekhefini lama-piston;
• Lapho i-unit ishisa ngokweqile, i-geometry yesiketi se-piston ingashintsha, okuholela ekwandeni kwegebe, elingasuswa yifilimu kawoyela;
• Njengomphumela wesando samanzi (mayelana nokuthi siyini, nokuthi ungayivikela kanjani inkinga kuleyo nkinga, funda ku okunye ukubuyekeza) induku yokuxhuma kungenzeka ikhubazeke. Inkinga efanayo ingavela lapho ibhande lesikhathi lidabukile (kwezinye izinjini, ibhande elidabukile aliholeli ekuthintaneni phakathi kwama-piston nama-valve avulekile);
• Abanye abanikazi bezimoto basebenzisa izinto zokuthambisa ezisezingeni eliphansi ngamabomu, becabanga ukuthi yonke imikhiqizo iyafana. Ngenxa yalokho - idiphozi yekhabhoni emasongweni nasenzakalweni yawo;
• Ukushisa ngokweqile kwenjini noma ezinye zezinto zayo kungaholela ekushiseni okuzenzakalelayo kwenhlanganisela yomoya kaphethiloli (lokhu kuvame ukuholela ekuqhumeni) noma ekukhanyeni. Ngenxa yalokho - kweqa ka piston izindandatho, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nensimbi motor.

Izimpawu eziningi ezibalwe zihlobene namacala athuthukile kakhulu. Ngokuyinhloko, inkinga ivela kwisilinda esisodwa, kodwa akuyona into engavamile ukuthi inkinga ivele "kubaphosayo" abaningana. Ekushintsheni kokuqala kombala we-exhaust, kufanelekile ukuhlola ukucindezelwa kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi nesimo se-spark plugs.

okutholakele

Uhlu lwezizathu eziyinhloko zokubonakala kokukhishwa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuvela kumbhobho akulude kangako. Lezi yizimpawu ze-valve ikakhulu, izindandatho ezigqokiwe noma, esimweni esinganakiwe kakhulu, isilinda esiklwebhiwe. Kuvunyelwe ukugibela lezo zimoto, kepha lokhu kubeka wena engcupheni yakho nasengozini. Isizathu sokuqala ukuthi intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ikhombisa ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela - kuzodingeka ukuthi ifakwe phezulu. Isizathu sesibili ukuthi ukugibela imoto engalungile kuholela ekugqokeni ngokweqile kwezinye izingxenye zayo.

Umphumela wokusebenza okunjalo uzoba ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kukaphethiloli, ukwehla kwamandla emoto, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuwohloka kwanoma iyiphi ingxenye yeyunithi. Kungcono ukuya ngokushesha ukuxilongwa lapho kuvela intuthu ethile, ukuze ungachithi imali eningi kulungiswa okulandelayo.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Yini okufanele uyenze uma intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iphuma epayipini lokukhipha umoya? Ezimotweni ezintsha noma ngemva kokulungiswa okukhulu kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, udinga ukulinda kancane kuze kube yilapho izingxenye sezigugile. Kwezinye izimo, kuzodingeka uhambe ukuze ulungiswe, ngoba lokhu kuwuphawu lokungasebenzi kahle kwenjini yangaphakathi yomlilo.

Kungani imoto inentuthu eluhlaza? Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngaphezu kukaphethiloli, amafutha nawo angena kumasilinda. Ngokuvamile, amafutha ashisa cishe u-0.2% wokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Uma imfucuza ikhuphuke yaba ngu-1%, lokhu kubonisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwezimoto.