Idivayisi yohlelo lokulahla imoto

Yonke injini yomlilo yangaphakathi esebenzisa uphethiloli noma igesi ayikwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kohlelo lokushisa. Ake sicabangele ukuthi kuyini ukukhetha kwayo, kusebenza kumuphi umgomo, nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo.

Luyini uhlelo lokushisa imoto

Isistimu yokuthungela yemoto enenjini kaphethiloli iyisifunda sikagesi esinezinto eziningi ezahlukahlukene lapho ukusebenza kwento yonke yamandla kuxhomeke khona. Inhloso yawo ukuqinisekisa ukunikezwa okuqhubekayo kwezinhlansi kumasilinda lapho ingxube yephethiloli yomoya isivele icindezelwe (compression stroke).

Izinjini zikadizili azinalo uhlobo lwakudala lokushisa. Kuzo, ukuthungela kwenhlanganisela yomoya kaphethiloli kwenzeka ngokwesimiso esihlukile. Ku-cylinder, ngesikhathi sokushaywa yisifo sokuminyanisa, umoya ucindezelwa kuze kufike lapho ushisa khona ukushisa kwephethiloli.

Esikhungweni esiphezulu esifile kuhlangothi lokucindezelwa, kufakwa uphethiloli kusilinda, okuholele ekuqhumeni. Ama-plugs akhanyayo asetshenziselwa ukulungisa umoya ku-cylinder ebusika.

Luyini uhlelo lokuthungela?

Ezinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi zikaphethiloli, uhlelo lokushisa luyadingeka ku:

• Ukudalwa kwenhlansi ku-cylinder ehambisanayo;
• Ukwakheka kwesikhashana kwesibindi (i-piston isendaweni ephezulu efile yesifo sokucindezela, wonke ama-valve avaliwe);
• Inhlansi enamandla ngokwanele ukushisa uphethiloli noma igesi;
• Inqubo eqhubekayo yokusebenza kwawo wonke amasilinda, kuya ngohlelo olusungulwe lokusebenza kweqembu le-cylinder-piston.

Ukuthi isebenza kanjani

Akunandaba ukuthi hlobo luni lohlelo, umgomo wokusebenza uhlala unjalo. I-crankshaft position sensor ithola umzuzu lapho i-piston esilinda sokuqala isesikhungweni esiphezulu esifile sesifo sokucindezelwa. Lo mzuzu unquma ukuhleleka kokucindezela komthombo we-spark kumasilinda ahambisanayo. Okulandelayo, iyunithi yokulawula noma iswishi iyaqala ukusebenza (kuya ngohlobo lohlelo). Umfutho udluliselwa kudivayisi yokulawula, ethumela isignali kwikhoyili yokushisa.

Ikhoyili isebenzisa amanye amandla avela ebhetri futhi yakha ukushaya ngamandla okuphezulu okuya ku-valve. Ukusuka lapho, i-current isetshenziswa ku-plug plug ye-cylinder efanele, edala ukukhishwa. Lonke uhlelo lusebenza ngokushisa ku - ukhiye uphendukela endaweni efanele.

Umdwebo wesistimu yokushisa imoto

Idivayisi yesikimu se-SZ yakudala ifaka:

• Umthombo wamandla (ibhethri);
• Ukudlulisa ukuqala;
• Xhumana neqembu endaweni yokukhiya;
• KZ (isitoreji noma isiguquli samandla);
• Umphathi;
• Umsabalalisi;
• Breaker;
• Izintambo ze-BB;
• Izintambo ezijwayelekile ezithwala amandla aphansi;
• Spark plug.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinhlelo zokushisa

Kuwo wonke ama-SZ, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• Oxhumana naye;
• Okungaxhunyanwa nabo.

Isimiso sokusebenza kuzo asiguquki - isifunda sikagesi senza futhi sisakaze umfutho kagesi. Zihlukile komunye nomunye ngendlela ezisabalalisa ngayo futhi zisebenzise umfutho kudivayisi ekhiphayo, lapho kwakhiwa khona inhlansi.

Kukhona nezinhlelo ze-transistor (inductor) ne-thyristor (capacitor). Zihlukile komunye nomunye esimisweni sokugcina amandla. Esimweni sokuqala, iqoqana kunkambu kazibuthe yekhoyili, futhi ama-transistor asetshenziswa njenge-breaker. Esimweni sesibili, amandla aqoqeka ku-capacitor, kanti i-thyristor isebenza njenge-breaker. Izinguquko ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-transistor.

Xhumana nezinhlelo zokushisa

Izinhlelo ezinjalo zinesakhiwo esilula. Kuzo, amandla kagesi anikezwa kusuka ebhethri kuya kwekhoyili. Lapho, kukhiqizwa i-voltage ephezulu, bese igelezela kusabalalisi bemishini. Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-oda lokudonswa ngamandla kumasilinda kuncike ekulandelaneni kwesilinda. Umfutho usetshenziswa ku-plug plug ehambisanayo.

Izinhlelo zokuxhumana zifaka izinhlobo zebhethri kanye ne-transistor. Esimweni sokuqala, kune-breaker yomshini endlini yabasabalalisi, ephula isekethe ukukhishwa bese ivala isifunda ngokushaja ikhoyili enemijikelezo emibili (i-winding yokuqala ikhokhisiwe). Uhlelo lwe-transistor esikhundleni se-mechanical breaker lune-transistor elawula isikhathi sokushaja kwamakhoyili.

Kuzinhlelo ezine-breaker mechanical, i-capacitor ifakiwe ngokungeziwe, enciphisa ama-voltage surge ngesikhathi sokuvala / ukuvulwa kwesifunda. Kuzinhlelo ezinjalo, izinga lokusha loxhumana nabo be-breaker liyancipha, okwandisa impilo yensiza.

Amasekhethi weTransistor angaba ne-transistors eyodwa noma ngaphezulu (kuya ngenombolo yamakhoyili) esebenza njengoshintshi esifundeni. Bavula noma bavale ukusonga okuyinhloko kwekhoyili. Kuzinhlelo ezinjalo, asikho isidingo se-capacitor ngoba i-winding ivuliwe / icishiwe lapho kusetshenziswa i-voltage ephansi.

Amasistimu wokucekela ngaphandle kokuxhumana

Onke ama-SZ alolu hlobo awanaso isiphuli semishini. Esikhundleni salokho, kukhona inzwa esebenza kumgomo wokungathinti. Izinzwa ezi-inductive, ihholo noma i-optical zingasetshenziswa njengedivayisi yokulawula esebenza ekushintsheni kwe-transistor.

Izimoto zanamuhla zifakwe uhlobo lwe-elektroniki i-SZ. Kuwo, amandla amakhulu akhiqizwa futhi asatshalaliswa amadivayisi kagesi ahlukahlukene. Uhlelo lwe-microprocessor lunquma ngokunembile isikhathi sokushisa kwenhlanganisela kaphethiloli womoya.

Iqembu lezinhlelo zokuxhumana nazo lifaka:

• Ikhoyili yohlobo olulodwa. Kuzinhlelo ezinjalo, ikhandlela ngalinye lixhunywe kusifunda esifushane esihlukile. Enye yezinzuzo zalezi zinhlelo ukuvalwa kwesilinda esisodwa uma kukhona ikhoyili ehluleka. Amaswishi kule midwebo angaba ngesimo se-block eyodwa noma umuntu ngamunye wesifunda ngasinye esifushane. Kwezinye izinhlobo zezimoto, leli bhulokhi lise-ECU. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zinezintambo eziqhumayo.
• Ikhoyili yomuntu ngamunye kumakhandlela (COP). Ukufaka isifunda esifushane ngaphezulu kwe-spark plug kwenze ukuthi kube lula ukukhipha izintambo eziqhumayo.
• Amakhoyili we-Double Spark (DIS). Kuzinhlelo ezinjalo, kunamakhandlela amabili kwikhoyili ngayinye. Kunezinketho ezimbili zokufaka lezi zingxenye: ngaphezu kwekhandlela noma ngqo kuyo. Kepha kuzimo zombili, i-DIS idinga ikhebula elinamandla amakhulu.

Ngokusebenza okungaphazanyiswa kokuguqulwa kwe-elektroniki kwe-SZ, kubalulekile ukuba nezinzwa ezingeziwe ezirekhoda izinkomba ezahlukahlukene ezithinta isikhathi sokushisa, imvamisa namandla we-pulse. Zonke izinkomba ziya ku-ECU, elawula uhlelo ngokuya ngezilungiselelo zomkhiqizi.

I-SZ ye-elekthronikhi ingafakwa kuzo zombili izinjini zomjovo kanye ne-carburetor. Lokhu kungenye yezinzuzo ngaphezulu kwenketho yokuxhumana. Enye inzuzo impilo ekhulayo yensizakalo yezinto eziningi ezifakiwe kusekethe ye-elekthronikhi.

Ukungasebenzi okuyinhloko kohlelo lokushisa

Iningi lezimoto zesimanje lifakwe ukuthungela i-elekthronikhi, ngoba lizinzile kakhulu kunedivayisi ye-vase yakudala. Kepha ukuguqulwa okuzinzile kakhulu kungaba nezinkinga zako. Ukuxilongwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubone ukungaphumeleli ezigabeni zokuqala. Lokhu kuzogwema ukulungiswa kwemali ebiza kakhulu.

Phakathi kwamaphutha amakhulu we-SZ ukwehluleka kwesinye sezici zesekethe kagesi:

• Ukuhoxa ohlobo;
• Amakhandlela;
• Izintambo ze-BB.

Amaphutha amaningi angatholakala awodwa futhi aqedwe ngokufaka into ehlulekile. Imvamisa isheke lingenziwa kusetshenziswa amadivayisi enziwe ekhaya akuvumela ukuthi unqume ubukhona be-spark noma iphutha elifushane lesifunda. Ezinye izinkinga zingabonakala ngokuhlolwa okubukwayo, ngokwesibonelo, lapho ukufakwa kwezintambo eziqhumayo kulimala noma lapho kufakwa amakhabhoni koxhumana nabo bama-spark plugs.

Uhlelo lokuthungela lungahluleka ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Insizakalo engafanele - ukungalandelwa kwemithetho noma ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi embi;
• Ukusebenza okungalungile kwemoto, isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi, noma izingxenye ezingathembekile ezingasheshe zehluleke;
• Imithelela emibi engemihle efana nesimo sezulu esimanzi, umonakalo obangelwa ukudlidlizela okunamandla noma ukushisa ngokweqile.

Uma imoto efakwe ngogesi, khona-ke amaphutha ku-ECU nawo athinta ukusebenza okulungile kokushisa. Futhi, ukuphazamiseka kungenzeka lapho inzwa eyodwa yokhiye iphuka. Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuhlola lonke uhlelo ngethuluzi elibizwa nge-oscilloscope. Kunzima ukukhomba ngokuzimela ukungasebenzi kahle kwekhoyili yokuthungela.

I-oscillogram izokhombisa amandla wedivayisi. Ngale ndlela, ngokwesibonelo, ukuvalwa kwe-inter-turn kungatholakala. Ngokungasebenzi kahle okunjalo, isikhathi esivuthayo senhlansi namandla aso singancipha kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, okungenani kanye ngonyaka, kubalulekile ukuxilonga ngokuphelele uhlelo lonke futhi wenze ukulungiswa (uma kuyindlela yokuxhumana) noma ususe amaphutha we-ECU.

Udinga ukunaka i-SZ uma:

• I-ICE iqala kabi (ikakhulukazi ebandayo);
• Imoto ayizinzile ngokungenzi lutho;
• Amandla enjini yomlilo yangaphakathi yehlile;
• Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuye kwanda.

Ithebula elilandelayo libala okunye kokungasebenzi kahle kweyunithi yokuthungela kanye nokubonakaliswa kwazo:

Ukubonakaliswa:	Isizathu esingaba khona:
1. Kunzima ukuqala injini noma akuqali nhlobo; 2. Ijubane lokungasebenzi elingazinzile	Ukufakwa kwensimbi yokuqhuma kuphukile (ukuwohloka); Amakhandlela anesici; Ukwephuka noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwekhoyili; Ikhava yenzwa yokusabalalisa iphukile noma ukungasebenzi kwayo; Ukwephuka kweswishi.
1. Ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli; 2. Ukwehla kwamandla emoto	Inhlansi embi (idiphozi yekhabhoni noma ukwehlukana kwe-SZ); Ukuwohloka komlawuli we-OZ.

Nalu itafula lezimpawu zangaphandle nokunye ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lwe-elekthronikhi:

Uphawu lwangaphandle:	Ukungasebenzi:
1. Kunzima ukuqala injini noma akuqali nhlobo; 2. Ijubane lokungasebenzi elingazinzile	Ukuwohloka kwezintambo eziqhumayo (eyodwa noma eziningi), uma zisesekethe; Ama-plugs enephutha; Ukuwohloka noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwesifunda esifushane; Ukwephuka kwenzwa eyodwa noma eziningi (ihholo, i-DPKV, njll.); Amaphutha ku-ECU.
1. Ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli; 2. Amandla emoto anciphile	Ikhabhoni lifaka kuma-spark plugs noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwawo; Ukwephuka kwezinzwa zokufaka (ihholo, i-DPKV, njll.); Amaphutha ku-ECU.

Njengoba amasistimu okucekela ngaphandle kokuxhumana angenazo izinto ezihambayo, ezimotweni zesimanje, ngokuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi kokonakala, i-SZ ayijwayelekile kakhulu kunezimoto ezindala.

Ukubonakaliswa okuningi kwangaphandle kokungasebenzi kahle kwe-SZ kufana nokungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lwamafutha. Ngalesi sizathu, ngaphambi kokuzama ukulungisa ukwehluleka okubonakalayo kokushisa, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi ezinye izinhlelo zisebenza kahle.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Yiziphi izinhlelo zokuthungela ezikhona? Izimoto zisebenzisa ukuthintana kanye namasistimu okushisa angathinteki. Uhlobo lwesibili lwe-SZ lunezinguquko ezimbalwa. I-electronic ignition ifakiwe esigabeni se-BSZ.

Indlela yokunquma ukuthi iyiphi isistimu yokuthungela? Zonke izimoto zesimanje zifakwe isistimu yokuthungela ngaphandle kokuthintwa. Inzwa yehholo ingasetshenziswa kumsabalalisi ku-classic. Kulesi simo, ukuthungela akukhona ukuthintana.

Lusebenza kanjani uhlelo lokuthungela imoto? Ilokhi yokuthungela, umthombo wamandla (ibhethri nejeneretha), ikhoyili yokubasa, amapulaki ezinhlansi, isisabalalisi sokuthungela, iswishi, iyunithi yokulawula kanye ne-DPKV (ye-BSZ).