Injini ye-Boxer: izinhlobo, idivaysi kanye nomgomo wokusebenza

Kuwo wonke umlando wokukhiqizwa kwezimoto, kuye kwenziwa izinhlobo eziningi zama-motors obekufanele ukushayela imoto. Namuhla, iningi labathandi bezimoto bajwayela izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zemoto - injini kagesi neyangaphakathi.

Kodwa-ke, phakathi kokushintshwa okusebenzayo ngesisekelo sokulahlwa kwengxube yomoya kaphethiloli, kunezinhlobo eziningi. Ukuguqulwa okukodwa okunjalo kubizwa ngokuthi yi-boxer engine. Ake sibheke ukuthi buyini ubuciko bawo, yiziphi izinhlobo zalokhu kulungiswa, futhi futhi yini izinzuzo nezisusa zazo.

Yini injini yesibhakela

Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lolu luhlobo lomklamo obunjwe nge-V, kodwa onekheji elikhulu. Eqinisweni, lolu uhlobo oluhluke ngokuphelele lwenjini ye-mwenya yangaphakathi. Ngenxa yalomklamo, le moto inokuphakama okuncane.

Ekubuyekezweni, amayunithi wamandla anjalo ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi yi-boxer. Lokhu kukhombisa ubunyoninco beqembu le-piston - zibonakala zibhokisa isikhwama ezivela ezinhlangothini ezihlukile (ziqonde ngakunye).

Injini yokuqala yesibhakela esebenza ngo-1938. Kwadalwa onjiniyela kwa-VW. Kwakuyinguqulo engu-4-cylinder 2-lit. Isilinganiso esingafika ngaso iyunithi sasingu-150 hp.

Ngenxa yesimo sayo esikhethekile, le moto isetshenziswa emathangini, kwezinye izimoto zemidlalo, izithuthuthu kanye namabhasi.

Eqinisweni, imoto ene-V ebunjiwe kanye ne-boxer, akukho okufana ngakho. Bahlukene ngendlela abasebenza ngayo.

Umgomo wokusebenza kwenjini ye-boxer kanye nesakhiwo sayo

Enjini ejwayelekile yangaphakathi yokumisa, i-piston ihamba iye phezulu naphansi ukuze ifinyelele kwi-TDC ne-BDC. Ukufeza ukujikeleza okubushelelezi kwe-crankshaft, ama-pistons kufanele axoshwe ngokuhlukile nge-offset ethile ngesikhathi semikhawulo.

Emotweni yesibhakela, ubushelelezi butholakala iqiniso lokuthi izimbotshana zamaphampu zihlala zisebenza ngokuvumelanayo noma ngabe zisezindaweni eziphikisanayo, noma zisondelene ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kulezi zinhlobo zezinjini, ezivame kakhulu kukhona ezine- no-six cylinder, kepha kukhona futhi ukuguqulwa kwama-cylinders ayi-8 no-12 (izinhlobo zemidlalo).

Lezi motors zinezindlela ezimbili zokugcina isikhathi, kepha zivumelaniswa ngebhande elilodwa ledrayivu (noma iketanga, kuye ngemodeli). Ama-boxer angasebenza zombili kukaphethiloli kadizili nophethiloli (umgomo wokulahla ingxube uyehluka ngendlela efanayo nasezinjini ezijwayelekile).

Izinhlobo eziphambili zezinjini ze-boxer

Namuhla, izinkampani ezinjengePorsche, iSubaru neBMW bavame ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwenjini ezimotweni zabo. Izinguquko eziningana zenziwe onjiniyela:

• Boxer;
• I-RUSSIA;
• 5TDF.

Uhlobo ngalunye luwumphumela wentuthuko kwizinguqulo ezedlule.

Boxer

Isici salokhu kuguqulwa kuyindawo ephakathi yomshini we-crank. Lokhu kusabalalisa isisindo senjini ngokulinganayo, enciphisa ukudlidliza kwiyunithi.

Ukwengeza ukusebenza kahle kwale moto, umenzi wayo uyihlomisa nge-turbine supercharger. Le nto inyusa amandla enjini yokukhanya yangaphakathi ngamaphesenti angama-30 uma iqhathaniswa nabalingani besibhakabhaka.

Amamodeli asebenza kahle anamasilinda ayisithupha, kepha kukhona nezinguqulo zemidlalo ezinamasilinda ayi-12. Ukushintshwa kwesilinda esingu-6 kuvame kakhulu phakathi kwezinjini ezifanayo ezifulethi.

IRUSSIA

Lolu hlobo lwenjini yokugibela yangaphakathi kungokwesigaba sezinjini ezinhlangothi-ezimbili. Isici salokhu kuguqulwa ukusebenza okuhlukile kweqembu le-piston. Kunama-pistoni amabili kwisilinda esisodwa.

Ngenkathi omunye enza umunxa wokudla, omunye ukhipha amagesi aqeda umoya bese ungena egumbini lesilinda. Ezinjini ezinjalo, ayikho ikhanda lesilinda, kanye nohlelo lokusabalalisa igesi.

Ngenxa yalomklamo, ama-motors alolu shintsho acishe abe yingxenye yesibalo esikhanyayo kunezinjini zokufana zangaphakathi ezifanayo. Kuzo, ama-piston anesifo esincane, esinciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla ngenxa yokushayisana, futhi futhi kwandisa ukukhuthazela kweyunithi yamandla.

Njengoba isizinda samandla sinezingxenye ezingaba ngu-50%, zilula kakhulu kunokuguqulwa koshayela abane. Lokhu kwenza imoto ilula kancane, okuthinta ukusebenza ngamandla.

5TDF

Ama-motors anjalo afakiwe kumishini ekhethekile. Indawo esemqoka yokufaka isicelo imboni yezempi. Zifakwe emathangini.

Lezi zinjini zokuhlanganisa amandla zangaphakathi zinamakhonkrithi amabili abekwe ezinhlangothini eziphambanayo zesakhiwo. Kufakwa amapistoni amabili kwisilinda esisodwa. Banekamelo elilodwa elisebenzayo lapho kuhlanganiswa khona ingxube yamafutha omoya.

Umoya ungena esibayeni sesilinda ngokususa i-turbocharging, njengoba kunjalo nge-OROC. Lezi motors zihamba kancane, kepha zinamandla amakhulu. Ngo-2000 rpm. iyunithi likhiqiza cishe i-700 hp. Enye yezingqinamba zokushintshwa okunjalo yivolumu enkulu (kwezinye izinhlobo ifinyelela amalitha ayi-13).

Izinzuzo zenjini yesibhakela

Ukuthuthuka kwakamuva kuma-boxer motors kuthuthukisile ukuqina kwawo nokuthembeka. Idizayini ye-powertrain inezici eziningi ezinhle:

• Isikhungo sokudonsa phansi siphansi kunasemotweni zakudala, ezandisa ukuqina kwemoto emadolweni;
• Ukusebenza okulungile nokulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi kukhulisa isikhathi esiphakathi kokushintshana okukhulu kuze kufinyelele kumkhawulo wesigidi. mileage (ngokuqhathaniswa nezinjini ezijwayelekile). Kepha abanikazi behlukile, ngakho-ke insizakalo ingaba nkulu ngokwengeziwe;
• Njengoba ukunyakaza okuphindayo okwenzeka ohlangothini olulodwa lwenjini yokuhlanganiswa kwangaphakathi kunxephezela imithwalo ngenqubo efanayo ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi, umsindo nokudlidliza okukuyo kuncishiswa kube okungenani;
• Ama-Boxer motors abelokhu ethembekile kakhulu;
• Uma kwenzeka umthelela oqondile ngesikhathi sengozi, ukwakheka okuyisicaba kuya ngaphansi kwengaphakathi lemoto, okunciphisa ingozi yokulimala okungathi sína.

Injini yenjini yesibhakela

Lokhu kungukuthuthuka okungajwayelekile - zonke izimoto eziphakathi nendawo zifakwe ngama-motor ajwayelekile mpo. Ngenxa yezici zokuklama, kuyabiza kakhulu ukuligcina.

Ngaphezu kokulungiswa okubizayo, abashayeli bamabhokisi banezinye iziphikisi ezimbalwa, kepha iningi lalezi zinto lihlobene:

• Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo, imoto ethambile ingadla uwoyela owengeziwe. Noma kunjalo, kuya ngokuthi yini okufanele uyiqhathanise. Kukhona izinjini ezixhumekile emugqeni kangangokuba zidinga ukucabanga inketho encane kodwa ebiza kakhulu;
• Ubunzima besondlo kungenxa yenani elincane labachwepheshe abaqonda lezi motors. Abanye abantu bathi ama-boxer motors akulula kakhulu ukuwulondolozela. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kuyiqiniso - le moto kufanele isuswe ukuze ungene endaweni yama-spark plugs, njll. Kepha lokho kuya ngemodeli;
• Njengoba ama-motors anjalo ejwayelekile, khona-ke izingxenye ezisele zawo zingathengwa ngokuhlelekile, futhi izindleko zawo zizoba eziphakeme kunezoqobo ezijwayelekile;
• Kukhona ochwepheshe abambalwa neziteshi zensiza ezilungele ukuthatha umsebenzi wokulungiswa kwalesi yunithi.

Ubunzima kulungiswa nokulondolozwa kwenjini ye-boxer

Njengoba sekushiwo, enye yezinto ezingahambi kahle zama-motors ayizicaba ubunzima bokulungisa nokulungisa. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusebenzi kuzo zonke izinto eziphikisanayo. Ubunzima obuningi ngokuguqulwa okuyisithupha-cylinder. Ngokuqondene nozakwabo be-2 no-4-cylinder, ubunzima buhlobene kuphela nezici zokwakheka (amakhandlela avame ukuba endaweni efinyeleleka kanzima, imvamisa yonke imoto kufanele isuswe ukuyifaka esikhundleni sayo).

Uma umnikazi wemoto enenjini yesibhakela eyisiqalo, ngakho-ke noma kunjalo, kufanele uthinte isikhungo sosizo. Ngokukhohlisa okungalungile, ungaphula kalula izilungiselelo zendlela yokusabalalisa igesi.

Esinye isici sokugcinwa kwamamoto anjalo inqubo eyimpoqo yokunquma amasilinda, ama-piston nama-valve. Uma engekho amadiphozi ekhabhoni kulezi zinto, impilo yesevisi yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ingakhuphuka. Kungcono ukwenza lo msebenzi ekwindla, ukuze imoto igijime kalula ebusika.

Ngokuqondene nokulungiswa okungathi sína, okubuyisa kakhulu izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu ze- "capital". Iphakeme kakhulu ukuthi kulula ukuthenga imoto entsha (noma esetshenzisiwe, kepha enesidingo esanele sempilo yokusebenza) kunokulungisa ephukile.

Uma ucabanga ngezinto ezifakwe kuhlu zenjini yomshayi wesibhakela, labo ababebhekene nokukhetha: kufanele yini ukuthenga imoto enenjini enjalo noma cha, manje kunolwazi oluthe xaxa ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi yini okufanele bayekethise kuyo. Futhi esimweni sabaphikisi, ukuphela kokuyekethisa wudaba lwezezimali.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Kungani injini yesibhakela ilungile? Iyunithi enjalo inesikhungo esiphansi sokudonsela phansi (yengeza ukuzinza emshinini), ukudlidliza okuncane (ama-pistons alinganisela omunye nomunye), futhi inomthombo omkhulu wokusebenza (abantu abayizigidi).

Ubani Osebenzisa I-Boxer Engines? Kumamodeli anamuhla, i-boxer ifakwe yi-Subaru ne-Porsche. Ezimotweni ezindala, injini enjalo ingatholakala ku-Citroen, i-Alfa Romeo, i-Chevrolet, i-Lancia, njll.