Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza kokumiswa kwe-hydropneumatic Hydractive

Njalo ngonyaka, abenzi bezimoto bathuthukisa amamodeli ezimoto zabo, benza ushintsho oluthile ekwakhiweni nasekuhlelweni kwezizukulwane zakamuva zezimoto. Ezinye izibuyekezo zingatholwa yizinhlelo zemoto ezilandelayo:

• Ukupholisa (kuchazwa uhlelo lokupholisa lwakudala, kanye nokunye ukuguqulwa kwalo esihlokweni esehlukile);
• Ama-lubricants (inhloso yawo kanye nenqubo yokusebenza kuxoxwa ngayo ngokuningiliziwe lapha);
• Ignition (ngaye ikhona okunye ukubuyekeza);
• Okokhelekayo (kubhekwa ngokuningiliziwe ngokwehlukana);
• Ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kwe-wheel drive yonke, isibonelo, i-xDrive, efunda kabanzi mayelana lapha.

Ngokuya ngesakhiwo nenhloso ye-homologation, imoto ingathola izibuyekezo zanoma yiluphi uhlelo, ngisho nolungadingekile ezimotweni zesimanje. ngokubuyekezwa okuhlukile).

Enye yezinhlelo ezibaluleke kakhulu eziqinisekisa ukuhamba okuphephile nokunethezeka kwemoto ukumiswa kwayo. Uhlobo lwakudala lubhekwa ngokuningiliziwe lapha... Kuthuthukiswa ukulungiswa okusha kokumiswa, umkhiqizi ngamunye ulwela ukusondeza imikhiqizo yakhe isondele ngangokunokwenzeka endaweni ekahle, ekwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zomgwaqo ezahlukahlukene nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zanoma yimuphi, ngisho nomshayeli oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngokwesibonelo, izinhlelo zokumiswa ezisebenzayo zenziwe (funda ngakho ngokwehlukana).

Kulesi sibuyekezo, sizogxila kokunye kokulungiswa kokumiswa okuyimpumelelo okusetshenziswa kumamodeli amaningi akwaCitroen, nakwamanye ama-automakers. Lokhu ukumiswa kwe-Hydractive hydropneumatic. Ake sixoxe ngokuhlukahluka kwayo, ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi isebenza kanjani. Sizobheka nokuthi yini ukungasebenzi kahle kwayo, nokuthi yini ubuhle bayo kanye nokubi kwayo.

Kuyini ukumiswa kwemoto eyi-hydropneumatic

Noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa kokumiswa kuhloswe kakhulu ukuthuthukisa izici ezinamandla zemoto (ukuzinza kwayo lapho uhlangana khona nalapho kwenziwa ukuqondisa okubukhali), kanye nokwandisa induduzo kuwo wonke umuntu osemgodini phakathi nohambo. Ukumiswa kwe-hydropneumatic akunjalo.

Lolu uhlobo lokumiswa, ukwakheka kwalo okubandakanya ubukhona bezinto ezengeziwe ukushintsha ukuqina kwesistimu. Lokhu, ngokuya ngezimo ezisemgwaqeni, kuvumela imoto ukuthi igingqike kancane (ukuqina kuyadingeka ukuze ushayela ezemidlalo ngesivinini) noma ukunikeza ukuthamba okuphezulu ekuthuthweni.

Futhi, lolu hlelo lukuvumela ukuthi ushintshe imvume yomhlaba (mayelana nokuthi iyini, ilinganiswa kanjani, nokuthi ibaluleke kangakanani indima yemoto, funda kokunye ukubuyekeza) yemoto, hhayi ukuyizinzisa nje kuphela, kepha nokunikeza okwangempela kwezokuthutha, njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, emigwaqeni engaphansi (funda ngale ndlela lapha).

Ngamafuphi, lokhu kumiswa kwehlukile kozakwabo ojwayelekile ngoba ayisebenzisi into ejwayelekile yokunwebeka, ngokwesibonelo, isiphethu, i-shock absorber noma i-torsion bar. Uhlelo lokumiswa okunjalo luzobandakanya imikhakha eminingana egcwele igesi noma uketshezi oluthile.

Phakathi kwale mingxuma kukhona ulwelwesi oluqinile, oluqinile oluvimbela ukuxuba kwale midiya ehlukahlukene. Umkhakha ngamunye ugcwele uketshezi ngezinga elithile, okukuvumela ukuthi ushintshe indlela yokusebenza yokumiswa (izosabela ngokuhlukile ngokungalingani komgwaqo). Ukuguqulwa kokuqina kokumiswa kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi i-piston iguqula ingcindezi esekisini, ngenxa yokuthi ukucindezelwa noma ukwenza buthaka komphumela wegesi ogcwalisa isifunda esisebenzayo somkhakha kwenzeka ngalo ulwelwesi.

Isifunda se-hydraulic silawulwa ngokuzenzakalela. Emotweni yesimanje efakwe lolu hlelo, ukuma komzimba kulungiswa ngekhompyutha. Ukuphakama kwemoto kunqunywa ngamapharamitha afana nejubane lemoto, isimo sendawo yomgwaqo, njll. Ngokuya ngemodeli yemoto, ingasebenzisa inzwa yayo noma inzwa, eyenzelwe ukusebenza kolunye uhlelo lwemoto.

Uhlelo lwe-Hydractive lubhekwa njengolulodwa olusebenza kahle nolunenqubekela phambili, yize ubuchwepheshe bungaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 bukhona. Ngaphambi kokubheka ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokumiswa ezingafakwa ku-hydropneumatic, futhi siyini isimiso sokusebenza kwayo, ake sicabangele ukuthi lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwavela kanjani.

Umlando wokuvela kokumiswa kwe-hydraulic yeCitroen

Umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwenguqulo ye-hydraulic yale auto system yaqala ngo-1954 ngokukhishwa kwemoto yokuqala ngokumiswa okunjalo. KwakuyiCitroen Traction Avante. Le modeli ithole ama-hydraulic shock-absorng elements (afakwe engxenyeni engemuva yomshini esikhundleni seziphethu). Lokhu kuguqulwa kamuva kwasetshenziswa kumamodeli we-DS.

Kodwa ngaleso sikhathi lolu hlelo lwalungenakubizwa ngokuthi yi-hydropneumatic. Ukumiswa okuguquguqukayo kwe-hydropneumatic, manje okubizwa nge-Hydractive, kwavela okokuqala emotweni yomqondo we-Activa. Uhlelo olusebenzayo lukhonjisiwe ngonyaka wama-88 wekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokukhiqiza, i-Hydractive ishintshe izizukulwane ezimbili, futhi namuhla isizukulwane sesithathu sedivayisi sisetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlobo zemishini.

Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwakususelwa kumgomo wokusebenza kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokumiswa ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni ezisindayo, kubandakanya nezinto ezisindayo zempi. Okusha, okwenziwe okokuqala ngqa ukuthuthwa kwabagibeli, kudale ukujabula okukhulu phakathi kwababhali bezimoto nochwepheshe emhlabeni wemboni yezimoto. Ngendlela, ukumiswa okuguqukayo akuyona ukuphela kwentuthuko yokuguqula okwenziwe yiCitroen kumamodeli ayo.

Ukukhanya okuguqukayo (amalambu aphendukela ohlangothini lapho igiya lokushayela noma isondo ngalinye lijika khona) kwaba ngenye intuthuko eseqophelweni eliphezulu eyethulwa ngo-1968 iCitroen DS model. Imininingwane mayelana nalolu hlelo ichaziwe kokunye ukubuyekeza... Ngokuhlanganiswa nalolu hlelo, umzimba, okwazi ukuphakamisa, kanye nokusebenza okuthambile nokubushelelezi kwe-dampers, kwalethela imoto udumo olungakaze lube khona. Nanamuhla, kuyinto efiselekayo abanye abaqoqi bezimoto abangathanda ukuyithola.

Izinhlobo zesimanje sezisebenzisa isizukulwane sesithathu sohlelo, kungakhathalekile ukuthi imoto idonsa ngamasondo angemuva noma ihamba ngaphambili. Sizokhuluma ngomehluko phakathi kwentuthuko edlule ngemuva kwesikhashana. Manje ake sicabangele ukuthi yisiphi isimiso sanamuhla esinaso.

Kusebenza kanjani ukumiswa kwe-Hydractive

Ukumiswa kwe-hydropneumatic kusekelwe esimisweni sesenzo se-hydraulic ku-actuator, njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, ohlelweni lwamabhuleki (luchazwa ngokuningiliziwe kokunye ukubuyekeza). Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, esikhundleni seziphethu nezinciphisi ezishaqisayo, uhlelo olunjalo lusebenzisa imbulunga, egcwele i-nitrogen ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu. Le parameter incike esisindweni semoto, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ingafinyelela ku-100 atm.

Ngaphakathi kwembulunga ngayinye kunolwelwesi olunwebeka kodwa oluhlala isikhathi eside oluhlukanisa izifunda zegesi nezikagesi wokubacindezela. Ezizukulwaneni zangaphambilini zokumiswa kwe-hydraulic, i-oyela yezimoto enokwakhiwa kwamaminerali isetshenzisiwe (ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngohlobo lwamafutha ezenzakalelayo, funda lapha). Kwakuvela esigabeni se-LHM futhi kwakuhlaza. Izizukulwane zakamuva zesistimu zisebenzisa i-analogue eyenziwe ngewolintshi (thayipha i-LDS ngokufakwa kwe-hydraulic).

Izinhlobo ezimbili zemikhakha zifakiwe emotweni: ukusebenza nokuqongelela. Indawo yokusebenza eyodwa inikezelwe esondweni elihlukile. Indawo yokuqongelela ixhunywe nabasebenzi ngomgwaqo omkhulu ovamile. Ezitsheni ezisebenza engxenyeni engezansi kunembobo ye-hydraulic cylinder rod (kufanele iphakamise umzimba wemoto uye ekuphakameni okufunayo noma yehlise).

Ukumiswa kusebenza ngokushintsha ingcindezi yoketshezi olusebenzayo. Igesi isetshenziswa njengento enwebeka, igcwalisa isikhala engxenyeni engenhla yomkhakha ongaphezulu kolwelwesi. Ukuvimbela uwoyela wokubacindezela ukuba ungagudluki usuka komunye umkhakha osebenzayo uye kolunye uwedwa (ngenxa yalokhu, kuzobonwa iroli yomzimba eqinile), umenzi usebenzisa izimbobo ezinesigaba esithile sohlelo, kanye namavalvu ohlobo lwe-petal.

Okucacile kwezimbobo ezilinganisiwe ukuthi zakha ukungqubuzana okunamandla (uwoyela wokubacindezela unesisindo esiphakeme kakhulu kunamanzi, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukugeleza ngokukhululeka usuka emgodini uye emgodini ngemigudu emincane - lokhu kudinga ingcindezi enkulu). Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, uwoyela uyashisa, okuholela ekwandeni kwawo futhi kunciphise ukunyakaza okuvelayo.

Esikhundleni se-classic shock absorber (funda ngesakhiwo sayo kanye nokusebenza kwayo ngokwehlukana) kusetshenziswa umucu wokubacindezela. Uwoyela okuwo awugwebi amagwebu noma ubilise. Izitholi zokushaqeka ezigcwaliswe ngegesi manje sezinomgomo ofanayo (funda ngokuthi iziphi izifunxi ezishaqisayo ezingcono: igesi noma uwoyela, funda kwesinye isihloko). Lo mklamo uvumela idivayisi ukuthi isebenze ngaphansi kwemithwalo esindayo isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuncane kulo mklamo akulahlekeli izakhiwo zawo, noma ngabe kushisa kakhulu.

Izimo ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza kohlelo zidinga ingcindezi yazo kawoyela kanye nezinga lokwakhiwa kwengcindezi oyifunayo. Le nqubo i-multistage ohlelweni. Ubushelelezi besifo sohlangothi lwe-piston buxhomeke ekuvuleni kwe-valve eyodwa noma enye. Ungashintsha futhi ukuqina kokumiswa ngokufaka i-sphere eyengeziwe.

Ezinguqulweni zakamuva, le nqubo ilawulwa yizinzwa eziqondisayo zokuqina, futhi kwezinye izimoto umenzi unikeze nokuzivumelanisa nezandla (kulokhu, izindleko zohlelo ngeke zibize kangako).

Ulayini usebenza kuphela lapho injini isebenza. Ukulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi yezimoto eziningi kukuvumela ukuthi ushintshe ukuma komzimba ngezindlela ezine. Owokuqala ukuvunyelwa phansi okuphansi. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukulayisha imoto. Lesi sakamuva yisona sikhala esikhulu somhlaba. Kulokhu, kulula ukuthi imoto inqobe izimo ezingekho emgwaqeni.

Nokho, izinga ukudlula izithiyo imoto kuxhomeke ohlotsheni ezingemuva ingxenye ukumiswa - ugongolo transverse noma isakhiwo multi-isixhumanisi. Lezi ezinye izindlela ezimbili zimane zinikeze induduzo umshayeli ayifunayo, kepha imvamisa akukho mehluko omkhulu phakathi kwazo.

Uma i-hydropneumatic imane inyuse ibanga phakathi komzimba nophambano oluvundlile, ukudlula kwemoto ezimweni eziningi cishe akushintshi - imoto ingabambelela kusithiyo ngogongolo. Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwe-hydropneumatics kuyabonakala lapho usebenzisa ukwakhiwa kwezixhumanisi eziningi. Kulokhu, imvume iyashintsha ngempela. Isibonelo salokhu ukumiswa okuguqukayo kusizukulwane sakamuva seLand Rover Defender (kungafundwa idrayivu yokuhlola yale modeli lapha).

Ukwanda kwengcindezi kulayini kunikezwa yimpompo kawoyela. Ukukhululwa kokuphakama kunikezwa yi-valve ehambisanayo. Ukukhulisa ukususwa komhlaba, i-elekthronikhi isebenzisa ipompo bese iphampa uwoyela owengeziwe emkhakheni ophakathi. Ngokushesha nje lapho ingcindezi kulayini ifinyelela ipharamitha edingekayo, i-valve iyasebenza futhi nepompo iyavalwa.

Lapho umshayeli ecindezela i-pedal yegesi ngokuqinile futhi imoto ihamba ngejubane, i-elektroniki ibhalisa ukushesha kwemoto. Uma ushiya phansi indawo ephakeme, i-aerodynamics izolimaza imoto (ukuthola imininingwane nge-aerodynamics, funda kwesinye isihloko). Ngalesi sizathu, i-elekthronikhi iqala ukukhishwa kwengcindezi kawoyela esifundeni ngentambo ebuyayo. Lokhu kusondeza imoto phansi futhi ukuhamba komoya kuyisunduza kangcono emgwaqeni.

Uhlelo luguqula ukususwa komhlaba ngamamilimitha ayi-15 ngaphansi lapho imoto ishesha ngesivinini esingaphezulu kwamakhilomitha ayi-110 ngehora. Imfuneko ebalulekile yalokhu ikhwalithi yendlela yomgwaqo (ukunquma lokhu, kukhona, ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo lokulawula ukuzinza). Uma kwenzeka umgwaqo ongemuhle nesivinini, ngaphansi kwama-60 km / h, imoto inyuka ngamamilimitha angama-20. Uma imoto ilayishiwe, i-elekthronikhi ibuye iphampa uwoyela emgwaqeni omkhulu ukuze umzimba ugcine indawo yawo maqondana nomgwaqo.

Enye indlela etholakalayo kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezihlonyiswe ngohlelo lwe-Hydractive yikhono lokuqeda ukugoqa kwemoto ngesikhathi sejubane eliphezulu. Kulokhu, iyunithi yokulawula inquma ukuthi ingxenye ethile yokumiswa ilayishwe kangakanani, futhi, isebenzisa ama-valve wokusiza, ishintsha ingcindezi esondweni ngalinye. Inqubo efanayo iyenzeka ukuqeda ama-pecks lapho umshini ume ngokungazelelwe.

Main izakhi ukumiswa Hydractive

Uhlelo lokumiswa kwe-hydropneumatic luqukethe:

• Imichilo yamasondo e-Hydropneumatic (indawo yokusebenza yesondo elilodwa);
• I-Accumulator (inkaba emaphakathi). Iqoqa inani eligciniwe lamafutha lokusebenza kwazo zonke izindawo;
• Izindawo ezingeziwe ezilawula ukuqina kokumiswa;
• Iphampu edonsa uketshezi olusebenzayo lube amasekethe ahlukene. Idivayisi ekuqaleni yayiwumshini, kepha isizukulwane sakamuva sisebenzisa ipompo kagesi;
• Ama-valve nezilawuli zengcindezi ezihlanganiswe zaba amamojula ahlukile noma amapulatifomu. Ibhulokhi ngayinye yama-valve nabalawuli banomthwalo womhlangano wayo. Kukhona isayithi elilodwa elinjalo le-eksisi ngayinye;
• Ulayini we-Hydraulic, ohlanganisa zonke izinto zokulawula nezokuphatha;
• Ukuphepha, ukulawula nokudlula kumaphayiphu ahambisana nohlelo lwamabhuleki nokuqondisa amandla kagesi (lelo lungiselelo ezinhlotsheni ezithile lalisetshenziswa esizukulwaneni sokuqala nesesibili, kanti kwesithathu alikho, njengoba lolu hlelo seluzimele manje);
• Iyunithi yokulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi, okuthi, ngokuya ngamasiginali atholakele avela kuzinzwa zalesi nezinye izinhlelo, isebenzise i-algorithm ehleliwe futhi ithumele isinali kuphampu noma kubalawuli;
• Izinzwa zokuma komzimba zifakwe ngaphambili nangemuva kwemoto.

Izizukulwane zokumiswa kwe-Hydractive

Ukuvuselelwa kwesizukulwane ngasinye kwenzeke ukuze kwandiswe ukuthembeka nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kohlelo. Ekuqaleni, ulayini wokubacindezela kuhlanganiswe uhlelo amabhuleki namandla ayo. Isizukulwane sokugcina sathola imingcele engazimele nala ma-node. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukwehluleka kolunye lwezinhlelo ezisohlwini akuthinti ukusebenza kokumiswa.

Cabanga ngezici ezihlukile zesizukulwane ngasinye sokumiswa kwemoto ye-hydropneumatic.

Isizukulwane sokuqala

Ngaphandle kokuthi intuthuko yavela kuma-50s wekhulu elidlule, uhlelo lwangena ekukhiqizweni ngobuningi ngo-1990. Lokhu kulungiswa kokumiswa kufakiwe namanye amamodeli weCitroen, njengeXM noma iXantia.

Njengoba sibonile ngaphambili, izizukulwane zokuqala zezinhlelo zahlanganiswa nemishini yokubamba amandla kagesi yamabhuleki. Esizukulwaneni sokuqala sohlelo, ukumiswa kungashintshwa kube izindlela ezimbili:

• Okuzenzakalelayo... Izinzwa zirekhoda imingcele ehlukahlukene yemoto, isibonelo, indawo esheshayo ye-accelerator, ukucindezela kwamabhuleki, ukuma kwesondo lokushayela, njalonjalo. Njengoba igama lemodi liphakamisa, abakwa-elekthronikhi bazimele ngokuzimela ukuthi ingcindezi esemgwaqweni omkhulu kufanele ibe yini ukufeza ibhalansi ekahle phakathi kokunethezeka nokuphepha phakathi nohambo;
• Ezemidlalo... Le yimodi eguqulelwe ukushayela okunamandla. Ngaphezu kokuphakama kwemoto, uhlelo luye lwashintsha nobulukhuni bezinto ze-damper.

Isizukulwane sesibili

Ngenxa yesimanje, umenzi ushintshe eminye imingcele yemodi ezenzakalelayo. Esizukulwaneni sesibili, kwabizwa ngokunethezeka. Kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthi kungagcini nje ngokushintsha ukususwa komhlaba emotweni, kodwa futhi nesikhathi esifushane ukuqina kwabadampampu lapho imoto ingena ekuphendukeni ngejubane noma ngesivinini.

Ukuba khona komsebenzi onjalo kuvumele umshayeli ukuthi angazishintshi izilungiselelo ze-elekthronikhi uma eshayela imoto ngamandla amakhulu isikhashana. Isibonelo sezimo ezinjalo wukujika okucijile lapho uvikela isithiyo noma udlula enye imoto.

Okunye okusha okwenziwe ngabathuthukisi bokumiswa yindawo eyengeziwe lapho kufakwe khona i-valve yesheke. Le nto eyengeziwe yenze ukuthi kube lula ukugcina ikhanda eliphakeme kulayini isikhathi eside.

Okucacile kwalolu lungiselelo ukuthi ingcindezi yohlelo igcinwe isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto elilodwa, futhi ngenxa yalokhu umnikazi wemoto bekungadingeki ukuthi aqale injini ukuze iphampu lizofaka uwoyela echibini.

Uhlelo lwe-Hydractive-2 lusetshenziswe kumamodeli weXantia akhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1994. Ngemuva konyaka, lokhu kuguqulwa kokumiswa kwavela kwiCitroen XM.

Isizukulwane sesithathu

Ngo-2001, ukumiswa kwe-Hydractive hydropneumatic kwaba nokuthuthuka okukhulu. Iqale ukusetshenziswa kumamodeli we-French automaker's C5. Phakathi kokuvuselelwa kukhona izici ezilandelayo:

1. Kushintshwe isifunda se-hydraulic. Manje uhlelo lwamabhuleki aluyona ingxenye yomugqa (la masekethe anezinqolobane ngazinye, kanye namashubhu). Ngenxa yalokhu, uhlelo lokumiswa selube lula kancane - asikho isidingo sokulawula ingcindezi ezinhlelweni ezimbili ezihlukile komunye nomunye, usebenzisa ingcindezi ehlukile yoketshezi olusebenzayo (ukuze uhlelo lwamabhuleki lusebenze, asikho isidingo ngokucindezela okukhulu uketshezi lwamabhuleki).
2. Kuzilungiselelo zamamodi wokusebenza, inketho yokusetha ngesandla ipharamitha edingekayo isusiwe. Imodi ngayinye ngayinye ibekwa kuphela nge-elekthronikhi.
3. I-Automation yehlisa ngokuzimela ukuvulwa komhlaba ngo-15mm maqondana nendawo ejwayelekile (esethwe ngumkhiqizi - kumodeli ngayinye inokwayo), uma imoto ihamba ngejubane elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-110 / ngehora. Lapho wehlisa ijubane ebangeni lama-60-70 km / h, imvume yomhlaba inyuka ngamamilimitha ayi-13-20 (kuya ngemodeli yemoto) ngokuya ngenani elijwayelekile.

Ukuze i-elekthronikhi ikwazi ukulungisa kahle ukuphakama komzimba, iyunithi yokulawula iqoqa amasiginali kusuka kuzinzwa ezinquma:

• Ijubane lezimoto;
• Ukuphakama kwengaphambili lomzimba;
• Ukuphakama komzimba emuva;
• Ngokwengeziwe - amasinali ezinzwa zohlelo lokuzinza kwesilinganiso sokushintshisana, uma ngabe ikhona kwimodeli ethile yemoto.

Ngaphezu kwesizukulwane sesithathu esijwayelekile ekucushweni okubizayo kwe-C5, kanye nemishini eyisisekelo ye-C6, i-automaker isebenzisa inguqulo yeHydractive3 + yokumiswa kwe-hydropneumatic. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwale nketho ne-analog ejwayelekile yile:

1. Umshayeli angakhetha phakathi kwezindlela ezimbili zokumiswa. Owokuqala ukhululekile. Ithambile, kepha ingashintsha ukuqina kwayo isikhashana kuye ngesimo somgwaqo nezenzo zomshayeli. Owesibili unamandla. Lezi izilungiselelo zokumiswa kwezemidlalo ezifaka ukuqina kokuqina kokunciphisa.
2. Ama-algorithms wokuphendula wesistimu athuthukisiwe - i-elekthronikhi inquma kangcono imvume efanelekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, iyunithi yokulawula ithola amasiginali mayelana nesivinini sokuhamba samanje, isikhundla somzimba ngaphambili nangemuva, ukuma kwesondo lokushayela, ukusheshisa ku-longitudinal ne-cross-section, imithwalo ezintweni zokumiswa kwe-damper (lokhu kuvumela ukunquma ikhwalithi yendlela yomgwaqo), kanye nesimo sempintsha (ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuthi yini i-valve mpintsha emotweni etshelwa ngokwehlukana).

Ukulungisa kanye nezingxenye zamanani

Njenganoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo olunikeza ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo kwamapharamitha ahlukahlukene emoto, ukumiswa kweHydractive hydropneumatic kubiza imali eningi. Ivumelanisa ukusebenza kwezinto eziningi zobuchwepheshe, kanye nama-hydraulic kanye ne-pneumatics. Inani elikhulu lama-valve nezinye izindlela, lapho kusebenza khona ukuzinza kwemoto, yizo zonke izingxenye ezidinga ukunakekelwa okuthile, futhi uma kwenzeka zehluleka, nakho kulungiswa okubizayo.

Nawa nje amanani athile wokulungiswa kwe-hydropneumatic:

• Ukufaka esikhundleni se-hydraulic prop kuzobiza cishe ama- $ 30;
• Isilawuli sokuqina kwangaphambili siyashintsha cishe ngama-65 cu;
• Ukuze ushintshe umkhakha wangaphambili, umshayeli wemoto kuzodingeka ahlukane ne- $ 10;
• Ukubuyisela kabusha iyunithi elisebenzisekayo kepha elingasebenziwe kubiza cishe u- $ 20-30.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa ngamanani entengo ezinye iziteshi zensiza yomsebenzi uqobo. Uma sikhuluma ngezindleko zezingxenye, lokhu futhi akuyona injabulo eshibhile. Isibonelo, uwoyela we-hydraulic oshibhile ungathengwa cishe ngama- $ 10. ilitha elilodwa, futhi lapho kulungiswa isistimu, le nto idinga inani elifanele. Iphampu kawoyela, kuye ngohlobo lokwakhiwa nemodeli yemoto, izobiza cishe ama- $ 85.

Esikhathini esiningi, ohlelweni, ukungasebenzi kahle kuvela ezinhlakeni, amapayipi anomfutho ophakeme, amaphampu, ama-valve nezilawuli. Izindleko zomkhakha ziqala ku- $ 135, futhi uma ungathengi ingxenye yokuqala, ibiza ngokuphindwe kasigamu nengxenye.

Imvamisa izinto eziningi zokumiswa zihlushwa yimiphumela yokugqwala, ngoba azivikelwe yinoma yini ukungcola nomswakama. Izingxenye ngokwazo ziyadilizwa ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu, kepha konke kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokugqwala nokubiliswa kwamabhawodi namantongomane. Ngenxa yokungafinyeleli kahle kwezinye izinto zokubopha, izindleko zokuqaqa umhlangano zivame ukulingana nezindleko zento uqobo.

Ukushintsha ipayipi kungenye inkinga engawela ekhanda lomnikazi wemoto. Umugqa oxhunywe kupompo, owonakaliswe ukugqwala, awunakususwa ngaphandle kokuqaqa ezinye izinto zemoto ezitholakala ngaphansi. Leli payipi ligijima cishe ngaphansi kwayo yonke imoto, futhi ukuze lingalimazi umhlaba, lifakwa lisondele ezansi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Njengoba izihlanganisi zamanye amadivayisi nezakhiwo nazo zingavikelwe lutho kusuka kumswakama nasekungcoleni, ukudiliza kwazo nakho kungaba nzima. Ngalesi sizathu, kwezinye iziteshi zenkonzo, abashayeli bezimoto kufanele bakhiphe imali engaba ngama- $ 300 esikhundleni sebhubhu elula.

Ngokuvamile akufanelekile ukufaka ezinye izingxenye zesistimu ezintsha ngezintsha. Isibonelo salokhu kungamapulatifomu, noma amamojula, alungisa ukuqina kwemigqa yedamper. Imvamisa, kulokhu, izakhi zimane zilungiswe.

Ngaphambi kokuthenga imoto enokumiswa okunjalo, kubalulekile futhi ukunaka ukuthi ukonakala kwento eyodwa kuvame ukuhambisana nokwehluleka kwezindlela eziningi ngasikhathi sinye, ngakho-ke umshayeli kuzodingeka akhokhe imali enkulu ngokulungiswa nokunakekelwa kwento enjalo uhlelo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapho uthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe. Kokuthuthwa okunjalo, ingxenye ngayinye emva kwenye nakanjani izokwehluleka. Futhi, uma kuqhathaniswa nokumiswa okudala, ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezingxenye ezisebenza ngaphansi komthwalo osindayo, lolu hlelo kuzodingeka lubhekelwe ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kaningi.

Izinzuzo zokumiswa kwe-hydropneumatic

Ngokomqondo, ukusebenzisa igesi ekumisweni njengokumisa kulungile. Leli lungiselelo alinakho ukungqubuzana okungaphakathi kwangaphakathi, igesi ayinakho "ukukhathala" njengensimbi emithonjeni noma emithonjeni, futhi inertia yayo incane. Kodwa-ke, konke lokhu kumcabango. Imvamisa, intuthuko esesigabeni sokudweba idinga ushintsho lapho uyihumushela kokungokoqobo.

Isithiyo sokuqala onjiniyela ababhekana naso ukulahleka kokusebenza kahle kokumiswa ngenkathi kusetjenziswa wonke umhlabathi okhonjiswe ephepheni. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, inguqulo ye-hydropneumatic yokumiswa inezinzuzo nezinkinga zombili.

Okokuqala, cabanga ngezinzuzo zokumiswa okunjalo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

1. Ubushelelezi obukhulu be-dampers. Mayelana nalokhu, isikhathi eside amamodeli akhiqizwa yinkampani yaseFrance iCitroen (funda ngomlando walolu hlobo lwemoto lapha), kuthathwe njengokujwayelekile.
2. Kulula kumshayeli ukulawula imoto yakhe emakhoneni ngenkathi ishayela ngejubane elikhulu.
3. I-elekthronikhi iyakwazi ukuvumelanisa ukumiswa kwesitayela sokushayela.
4. Umenzi uqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo luyakwazi ukugijima kuze kube ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-250 (inqobo nje uma kuthengwa imoto entsha, hhayi eyasetshenziswa).
5. Kwamanye amamodeli, i-automaker ihlinzekele ukulungiswa mathupha kwesimo somzimba esihlobene nomgwaqo. Kepha nemodi ezenzakalelayo yenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokusebenza kwayo.
6. Kuzo zombili izindlela ezenziwa ngesandla nezizenzekelayo, uhlelo lwenza umsebenzi omuhle wokuguqula ukuqina komsebenzi kuye ngesimo somgwaqo.
7. Iyahambisana nezinhlobo eziningi ze-axle yangemuva yezixhumanisi eziningi, kanye nemichilo yeMacPherson esetshenziswe ngaphambili emotweni.

Ububi bokumiswa kwe-hydropneumatic

Yize iqiniso lokuthi ukumiswa kwe-hydropneumatic ikwazi ukushintsha ikhwalithi yezakhiwo zayo, inezinkinga ezimbalwa ezibalulekile, yingakho abashayeli abaningi bengakucabangi ukuthenga izimoto ngokumiswa okunjalo. Lokhu okubi kubandakanya:

1. Ukuze ubone umphumela omkhulu emsebenzini odwetshiwe kwimidwebo, umenzi kufanele asebenzise izinto ezikhethekile, futhi ethule ubuchwepheshe obusha ekukhiqizeni amamodeli ezimoto zakhe.
2. Inani elikhulu labalawuli, ama-valve nezinye izinto ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni kwekhwalithi ephezulu yohlelo ngasikhathi sinye izindawo ezingaba nokuwohloka okungenzeka.
3. Uma kwenzeka kubhidlika, ukulungiswa kuhlotshaniswa nokuqedwa kwezingxenye zezimoto eziseduze, okuthi kwezinye izimo kube nzima kakhulu ukuzenza. Ngenxa yalokhu, udinga ukubheka uchwepheshe wangempela ongenza wonke umsebenzi ngekhwalithi ephezulu futhi angalimazi umshini.
4. Umhlangano wonke uyabiza futhi, ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezinto, ngokuvamile kudinga ukulungiswa nokulungiswa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezithengwa emakethe yesibili (ngemininingwane yokuthi yini okudingeka uyibheke lapho uthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe, funda kokunye ukubuyekeza).
5. Ngenxa yokuwohloka kokumiswa okunjalo, imoto ayikwazi ukuqhutshwa, ngoba ukulahleka kwengcindezi kuholela ekunyamalaleni kwemisebenzi yedamper yohlelo, engeke ishiwo ngemithombo yasendulo kanye ne-absorber absorber - ngasikhathi sinye akupheli ngokuzumayo.
6. Uhlelo kaningi aluthembeki njengoba umenzi wezimoto eqiniseka.

Ngemuva kokuthi iCitroen iqale ukubhekana nokungasebenzi kahle kokuthuthuka kwayo, kwanqunywa ukuthi kushintshwe lokhu kumiswa kube yi-analogue yakudala yamamodeli wengxenye yesabelomali. Yize lo mkhiqizo ungakushiyanga ngokuphelele ukukhiqizwa kohlelo. Ukuhlukahluka kwayo okuhlukile kungabonakala ezimotweni eziphambili zamanye ama-auto brand.

Lokhu kuthuthukiswa cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola ezimotweni ezijwayelekile zokukhiqiza. Esikhathini esiningi, ukumiswa okunjalo kufakwa ezimotweni eziphambili neziphambili njengeMercedes-Benz, iBentley neRoll-Royce. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi ukumiswa kwe-hydropneumatic kufakwa kwi-Lexus LX570 SUV yokunethezeka.

Uma sikhuluma ngeCitroen C5, okwenzelwe isizukulwane sakamuva seHydractive, kulezi zimoto kusetshenziswa i-analogue yomoya kuphela. Imininingwane yokuthi ukumiswa okunjalo kusebenza kanjani, nokuthi isebenza kanjani, kuyachazwa kwesinye isihloko... Umenzi wezimoto waseFrance uthathe lesi sinqumo ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza nokuthengisa imodeli ethandwayo.

Ngakho-ke, ukumiswa kwe-hydropneumatic kukuvumela ukuthi ushintshe ukuphakama kwemoto, kanye nokuqina kwamayunithi e-damper. Ngenye indlela, abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa ukuguqulwa kokumiswa kazibuthe ngalezi zinhloso. Zichazwe ngokuningiliziwe kokunye ukubuyekeza.

Ekuphetheni, sinikeza ukuqhathanisa okufushane kwevidiyo kweminye imiklamo esebenzayo yokumiswa, kufaka phakathi inguqulo ye-hydropneumatic:

⚫UKWAZI UKUMELANA KONKE! UKUMISA IMOTO OKUNGEJWAYELEKILE.