Yini okudingeka uyazi ngohlelo lwemoto oluhamba ngamatshe?

Ezokuphepha emgwaqeni, yonke imoto akumele ikwazi ukuhamba kahle kuphela, kodwa futhi ime ibangana. Futhi into yesibili ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngale njongo, noma iyiphi imoto ine-braking system.

Mayelana nedivayisi nokuguqulwa kokuqondisa sathi phambilini kancane. Manje ake sicabangele ama-braking system: ukwakheka kwawo, ukungasebenzi kahle kanye nenqubo yokusebenza.

Luyini uhlelo lwe-braking?

Uhlelo lwamabhuleki wemoto luyisethi yezingxenye nezinqubo, inhloso enkulu yazo ukunciphisa ijubane ukujikeleza kwamasondo ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Amasistimu esimanje anezinto zobuchwepheshe nezinqubo ezizinzile imoto ngaphansi kwezimo zebhuleki eziphuthumayo noma emigwaqweni engazinzile.

Izinhlelo nezinqubo ezinjalo zifaka, isibonelo, i-ABS (mayelana nokwakheka kwayo funda lapha) nokwehluka (kuyini nokuthi kudingekani emotweni, kuyatshelwa kokunye ukubuyekeza).

Umlando womfushane omfushane

Ngokushesha lapho isondo lisungulwa, kwavela umbuzo ngokushesha: ukuthi unganciphisa kanjani ukujikeleza kwawo futhi wenze le nqubo ibe bushelelezi ngangokunokwenzeka. Amabhuleki okuqala abukeka awakudala kakhulu - ibhulokhi enamathiselwe ohlelweni lwesigwedlo. Lapho uhlangana nobuso besondo, ukudaleka kwakhiwa futhi isondo lama. Amandla amabhuleki ancike kwidatha ebonakalayo yomshayeli - lapho isigwedlo sicindezelwa kakhulu, ukuthuthwa kumile ngokushesha.

Emashumini eminyaka edlule, lo mshini ucwengisisiwe: ibhulokhi lalimbozwe ngesikhumba, ukuma kwalo nokuma kwalo eduze kwesondo kwaguqulwa. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1900 kwavela ukuthuthuka kokuqala kwebhuleki yemoto ephumelelayo, yize kunomsindo omkhulu. Uhlobo oluthuthukisiwe kakhulu lomshini luphakanyiswe nguLouis Renault eminyakeni eyishumi efanayo.

Ngokuthuthuka kwe-motorsport, kwenziwa ushintsho olukhulu ohlelweni lwe-braking, ngoba izimoto zanda amandla futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ijubane. Kakade ngawo-50s wekhulu lamashumi amabili, ukuthuthukiswa izindlela eziphumelela ngempela ukuthi ukuqinisekisa yokwehla ngokushesha amasondo izimoto ezemidlalo.

Ngaleso sikhathi, umhlaba wezimoto wawusunezinketho eziningana zezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene: isigubhu, idiski, isicathulo, ibhande, umfutholuketshezi nokungqubuzana. Kwakukhona nemishini kagesi. Vele, zonke lezi zinhlelo eziklanyweni zesimanje zihluke kakhulu kozakwabo bokuqala, kanti ezinye azisetshenziswa nhlobo ngenxa yokungasebenzi kwazo kanye nokuthembeka okuphansi.

Uhlelo olunokwethenjelwa kakhulu kulezi zinsuku yilona lwediski. Izimoto zemidlalo zanamuhla zifakwe amadiski amakhulu asebenza ngokuhambisana namapayipi amakhulu amabhuleki, futhi abashayi bawo abaphakathi kwamapistoni amabili kuya kwayi-12. Ukukhuluma nge-caliper: inokulungiswa okuningana nedivayisi ehlukile, kepha lesi yisihloko kokunye ukubuyekeza.

Izimoto zebhajethi zinama-braking system ahlanganisiwe - amadiski aqondiswa kumahabhu angaphambili, nezigubhu zilungiswe kumasondo angemuva. Izimoto ze-Elite nezemidlalo zinama-disc brakes kuwo wonke amasondo.

Indlela uhlelo lwamabhuleki olusebenza ngayo

Amabhuleki aqaliswa ngokucindezela ipedali etholakala phakathi kwe bamba kanye negesi. Amabhuleki asebenza ngogesi.

Lapho umshayeli ecindezela iphedali, kuyanda ingcindezi kulayini ogcwele uketshezi lwamabhuleki. Uketshezi lusebenza ku-piston yomshini oseduze namaphakethe amabhuleki esondo ngalinye.

Lapho umshayeli ecindezela kanzima futhi eqina, kulapho kufakwa khona amabhuleki. Amandla aqhamuka esisekelweni adluliselwa kuma-actuator futhi, kuya ngohlobo lohlelo, emasondweni, noma amaphedi abamba idiski yamabhuleki, noma ahlukane ahlukane nezinsimbi zedramu.

Ukuguqula imizamo yomshayeli ibe yingcindezi ethe xaxa, kukhona isikhala kulayini. Le nto inyusa ukugeleza koketshezi kulayini. Izinhlelo zesimanje zenzelwe ukuthi uma amapayipi amabhuleki ecindezelekile, ibhuleki lisazosebenza (uma okungenani ithubhu elilodwa lihlala linjalo).

Amabhuleki acacisiwe kule vidiyo elandelayo:

Isebenza kanjani i-brake system ne-vacuum booster.

Idivayisi yohlelo lwe-Brake

Amabhuleki omshini akhiwe ngezigaba ezimbili zezinto:

• IDrayivu - uhlelo olushayela ingxenye yamabhuleki;
• Umshini - imizamo ivela kudrayivu. Kwakha amandla anciphisa ijikelezo lehabhu lamasondo. Ubuningi bezinqubo zezinhlelo zesimanje zisebenza kumgomo wokushayisana. Okusho ukuthi, amandla okuqamba asetshenziselwa ukumisa umshini.

Idrayivu yamabhuleki yilezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• Mechanical - ezimotweni zesimanje, isetshenziswa ohlelweni lokupaka amabhuleki. Idizayini yayo ifaka i-lever nekhebuli eliyixhumanisa namabhuleki amasondo angemuva. Ezinye izinhlobo zezimoto zinomlingani osebenza ngogesi. Kulokhu, imizamo ayixhomeki kudatha ebonakalayo yomnikazi wemoto;
• Umfutholuketshezi yisimiso esisebenza kakhulu izinhlelo zesimanje. Idizayini yedrayivu enjalo ifaka iphedali, isikhulisi se-vacuum, amasilinda asebenzayo namakhosi, ulayini (amashubhu);
• I-Pneumatic - isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthuthweni kwempahla. Lolu hlelo lusekelwa umoya ocindezelweyo. Idivayisi yayo ifaka phakathi: icompressor, isamukeli, iphedali nezinye izinto eziqinisekisa umfutho womoya oqhubekayo ohlelweni;
• I-Electro-pneumatic noma olunye uhlobo lwe-drive ehlanganisiwe ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa, ngoba inedivayisi eyinkimbinkimbi nokugcinwa okubizayo.

Idivayisi ye-braking ifaka:

• I-caliper - isilinda esisebenza kuyo, esabela emandleni e-brake fluid futhi ibambe idiski. Indlela enjalo ifakiwe ekwakhiweni kwama-disc brakes. Ngokuqondene nenketho yesabelomali, i-drum brake ayinayo i-caliper, futhi isilinda sesigqila sitholakala phakathi kwamaphakethe amabili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi nangakolunye uhlangothi, ingxenye inepiston enweba amaphedi, ukuze ihlasele izindonga zesigubhu;
• Idiski - lifakwe kumahabhu amasondo (kaningi ngaphambili). Zenziwe ngensimbi ejiyile neqinile engakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nengcindezi ebalulekile. Amanye amamodeli abhalwa ngokusebenza kangcono kwama-braking. Ukupholisa kwama-discs ngemuva kokubopha amabhuleki kunikezwa kuphela ukuhamba komoya;
• Izimoto ezindala zeDrum zazinamabhuleki anjalo kuphela, futhi izimoto zesabelomali ezikhiqizwe namuhla zinamabhuleki anjalo kuphela ku-ekseli langemuva. Ukubhrekha ngezindlela ezinjalo akusebenzi njengakwamanye amadiski, kepha maqondana nokwethembeka banezinga eliphakeme (into yangaphandle, ngokwesibonelo, igatsha, alikwazi ukungena kumshini futhi livimbe ukusebenza kwalo), ngakho-ke abakhiqizi abajahile ukuwasusa ezimotweni zabo;
• Ama-pads angenye into ebamba iqhaza ekubhuleni amasondo. Le yingxenye yensimbi enolwelwesi olungqubuzanayo. Amanye amamodeli anebala nombala wesendlalelo ukukhombisa ukugqoka ebusweni bokungqubuzana. Uma kwenzeka umthandi wemoto ekhohlwa ukunaka isimo samabhuleki, amaphedi agugile azokwenza azwakale - i-creak engaguquki ngesikhathi sokubopha amabhuleki.

Amabhuleki

Imoto iyehla ngezinhlobo ezimbili zamabhuleki:

• Amabhuleki esigubhu - inqwaba yezimoto (ikakhulukazi amamodeli wesabelomali kanye nabamele isigaba esiphakathi) zinemishini enjalo ku-ekseli engemuva. Zithembeke kakhulu futhi zizinzile. Emabhulekini anjalo, ngenxa yokugqokwa kwamapayipi, kunesikhala esikhulayo esakhiwe phakathi kobuso bokungqubuzana nezindonga zezigubhu. Umshini uhlanganisa umlawuli okhokhela leli banga ngokuhambisa amaphedi asondele kakhulu ezindongeni zesigubhu ngangokunokwenzeka. Inqubo yokuzibekelela yomshini yenzeka ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokubopha amabhuleki kanzima. Amabhuleki apholiswa yizimbambo kudubhu uqobo nenani elikhulu lezingxenye zensimbi;
• Ama-disc brake - asetshenziswe ku-asi yangaphambili, nasezimotweni zezemidlalo nasezimotweni ezihamba phambili nangaphezulu, ziyasetshenziswa naku-asi engemuva. I-caliper ibamba i-disc brake nhlangothi zombili. Leli lungiselelo lidinga umzamo omncane wokwehlisa isondo, ngakho-ke lolu hlelo lusebenza kangcono kunomlingani wesigubhu. Ngenxa yalokhu, izindlela zithola imithwalo yokushisa ephakeme kakhulu. Kuma-discs anamuhla, kwenziwa ama-grooves akhethekile athuthukisa ukushabalalisa ukushisa. Ukuguqulwa okunjalo kubizwa ngokuthi umoya.

Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezinqubo zifakiwe kudivayisi yohlelo lwamabhuleki olukhulu lwemoto. Isebenza njengenjwayelo - lapho umshayeli efuna ukumisa imoto. Kodwa-ke, yonke imoto inezinhlelo ezisizayo. Ngamunye wabo angasebenza ngamunye. Nakhu umehluko wabo.

Uhlelo olusizayo (oluphuthumayo)

Umugqa wonke wamabhuleki uhlukaniswe izifunda ezimbili. Abakhi bavame ukuxhuma amasondo kusekethe elihlukile ngokulingana kwemoto. Ithangi lokunweba, elifakwe ku-master brake cylinder, linokudideka ngaphakathi ezingeni elithile (kufana nenani eliphansi elibucayi).

Uma nje amabhuleki esesimeni esihle, umthamo wamanzi wamabhuleki ungaphezulu kokuxakayo, ngakho-ke amabutho avela kulo mshini afakwa ngasikhathi sinye emapayipini amabili, futhi asebenza njengomugqa owodwa. Uma i-hose iphuka noma i-tube iphuka, izinga le-TOR lizokwehla.

Isifunda esonakele asinakucindezelwa kuze kube yilapho kulungiswa ukuvuza. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwethangi, uketshezi aluphumi ngokuphelele, futhi isekethe lesibili liyaqhubeka nokusebenza. Vele, kule ndlela amabhuleki azosebenza ngokuphindwe kabili, kepha imoto ngeke ibe ingekho ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwanele ukufinyelela insizakalo ngokuphepha.

Uhlelo lokupaka

Lolu hlelo lwaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi ibhuleki lesandla. Isetshenziswa njengendlela yokubuyisa. Isistimu yohlelo ifaka induku (isigwedlo esisegumbini eliseduze ne-lever lever) nekhebula elihlanganiswe ngamasondo amabili.

Kuhlobo lwakudala, ibhuleki lesandla lisebenzisa ama-brake pads amakhulu kumasondo angemuva. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ukuguqulwa okunamaphedi abo. Lolu hlelo aluxhomekile nakancane esimweni se-TJ kulayini noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu (ukungasebenzi kahle komshini noma enye into yamabhuleki amakhulu).

Ukuxilongwa kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lwamabhuleki

Ukwehluleka kwebhuleki okubaluleke kakhulu ukugqokwa kwephedi yamabhuleki. Kulula kakhulu ukuyixilonga - ukuguqulwa okuningi kunesendlalelo sesiginali lapho, lapho uthintana nediski, ikhipha isici sokuncinza ngesikhathi sokubhuleka. Uma kusetshenziswa amaphedi wesabelomali, isimo sawo kufanele sihlolwe kusikhawu esichazwe ngumenzi.

Kodwa-ke, lo mthetho ulinganiselwe. Konke kuncike kwisitayela sokushayela somshayeli. Uma ethanda ukusheshisa kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezincane zomgwaqo, lezi zingxenye zizoguga ngokushesha, ngoba amabhuleki azofakwa ngentshiseko kunokujwayelekile.

Nali itafula elincane lamanye amaphutha nokuthi aziveza kanjani:

Ukungasebenzi:	Kubonakala kanjani:	Ukulungiswa:
Gqoka ungqimba wokungqubuzana kumaphakethe; Ukwephuka kwamasilinda amakhulu noma asebenzayo; Ukuwohloka komshini.	Ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lwamabhuleki kwehle ngokuphawulekayo.	Shintsha amaphedi (uma isitayela sokushayela sisebenza kakhulu, kufanele kusetshenziswe amamodeli angcono); Hlola impilo yohlelo lonke bese ubona into ephukile; Uma kufakwe amarimu angajwayelekile (ngokwesibonelo, ububanzi obukhulu), kuzodingeka futhi ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwamabhuleki - njengenketho, faka i-caliper yamaphakethe amakhulu.
Ukubukeka kwe-airlock; Ukudangala kwesekethe; Ukushisa ngokweqile nokubilisa kwe-TJ; Ukwehluleka kwesilinda esikhulu noma isondo lamabhuleki.	I-pedal yehluleka noma ithambe ngokungavamile.	Wopha amabhuleki (ungakwenza kanjani kahle, funda lapha); Ungaphuli inqubo yokufaka esikhundleni se-TJ eshiwo ngumenzi; Faka into egugile.
Ukulimala kokukhipha noma ukuqhuma kwamapayipi; i-TC bushings igugile.	Kudinga umzamo omkhulu ukucindezela i-pedal.	Lungisa into ehlulekile noma hlonza umugqa.
Ama-brake pads aguga ngokungalingani; Ukugqoka ngokushesha kwezakhi zamabhuleki; Ukuncipha komugqa wamabhuleki; Amathayi aguga abe ngamazinga ahlukahlukene (lokhu kubonakala akuvamile kuthinta amabhuleki - izizathu eziyinhloko zokugqoka okungalingani okuxoxwe ngayo kwesinye isihlokoUmfutho womoya ohlukile emasondweni.	Lapho amabhuleki eqhubeka, imoto idonswa eceleni.	Hlola ingcindezi yamathayi; Ngesikhathi sokufaka esikhundleni, faka kahle amaphedi amabhuleki; Xilonga zonke izinto zohlelo lwamabhuleki, bona ukuwohloka bese ushintsha ingxenye; Sebenzisa izingxenye zekhwalithi (thenga kubaphakeli abathembekile).
Idrayiki yebhuleki eligugile noma elonakele; Idiski eliphukile noma ukugqokwa kwamasondo	Ukudlidliza kuzwakala lapho kubhulekelwa amabhuleki.	Linganisa amasondo; Bheka amarimu nokugqoka kwamathayi; Bheka isimo samabhuleki amabhuleki (uma ubopha ngokuphuthumayo ngejubane elikhulu, ama-disc ashisa ngokweqile, angadala ukuguqulwa).
Amapayipi agugile noma ashubile; Ama-pads avinjelwe; I-caliper ihambile.	Umsindo oqhubekayo lapho ushayela noma ubukeka njalo lapho unyathela amabhuleki (ukukhwifa, ukugaya noma ukuciphiza); Uma ungqimba lokungqubuzana lususwe ngokuphelele, kuthi lapho unyathela amabhuleki uzowuzwa kahle umsindo wokuhlikihla izingxenye zensimbi nokudlidliza esiteringini.	Hlola isimo samapayipi - noma ngabe angcolile noma agugile; Shintsha amapayipi; Lapho ufaka i-caliper, gcoba ipuleti le-anti-squeak nezikhonkwane.
Ukwephuka kwenzwa ye-ABS; Isigaxa sebhuleki esiminyene; I-oxidation yoxhumana nabo bezinzwa ze-ABS noma ukuphuka kocingo;	Emotweni efakwe i-ABS, ilambu lesixwayiso liyavela.	Hlola ukusebenza kwenzwa (esikhundleni sedivayisi okusolwayo, kufakwa eyaziwayo esebenzayo); Uma kuvinjiwe, hlanza; Faka i-fuse esikhundleni; Xilonga iyunithi yokulawula uhlelo.
Ibhuleki lesandla liphakanyisiwe (noma inkinobho yesistimu yokupaka icindezelwe); Izinga loketshezi lwamabhuleki lehlile; Ukwehluleka kwenzwa yeleveli ye-TJ; Ukwephuka koxhumana naye wamabhuleki okupaka (noma i-oxidation yayo); Amapayipi amabhuleki azacile; Izinkinga ohlelweni lwe-ABS.	Uma umshini ufakwe uhlelo lokulawula olunjalo, isibani se-Brake sihlala sivuliwe.	Hlola oxhumana naye kubhuleki lesandla; Xilonga isistimu ye-ABS; Hlola ukugqokwa kwephedi yamabhuleki; Hlola izinga le-brake fluid; Yiba nomkhuba wokuhlola ukuma kwebhuleki lesandla ngaphambi kokushayela.

Ama-pads nezikhawu zokushintshwa kwe-disc brake

Ukuhlola ama-brake pads kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi soshintsho lwamasondo lonyaka. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuxilonga ukugqoka ngesikhathi. Ngokungafani noketshezi lobuchwepheshe, oludinga ukuguqulwa ngezikhathi ezithile, ama-brake pads ayashintsha uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka okungazelelwe (ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yemfucumfucu, indawo yokungezwani igugile ngokungalingani), noma uma igqokwa ungqimba oluthile.

Ukuze kwandiswe ukuphepha kohlelo lwamabhuleki, abakhiqizi abaningi bahlomisa amaphedi ngongqimba olukhethekile lwesiginali (amabhuleki ancwina lapho ungqimba lwesisekelo seluphelile). Kwezinye izimo, umnikazi wemoto anganquma ukugqoka kwezinto ngokukhombisa umbala. Ukusebenza kwamapayipi amabhuleki kuyancipha uma engaphansi kwamamilimitha amabili noma amathathu ubukhulu.

Ukuvimbela uhlelo lwamabhuleki

Ukuze uhlelo lwamabhuleki lungaphuli ngokungazelelwe, futhi izinto zalo zisebenze yonke insiza abanelungelo lokuyithola, kufanele uthobele imithetho eyisisekelo nelula:

1. Ukuxilongwa kufanele kwenziwe hhayi egalaji, kepha esiteshini sesevisi esinemishini yokunemba (ikakhulukazi uma imoto ifakwe isistimu eyinkimbinkimbi ye-elektroniki) nalapho kusebenza khona ochwepheshe;
2. Namathela emithethweni yokushintsha uketshezi lwamabhuleki (olukhonjiswe ngumenzi - ngokuyisisekelo lesi isikhathi esisodwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili);
3. Ngemuva kokufaka ama-brake discs, kufanele kugwenywe ukubamba amabhuleki okusebenzayo;
4. Lapho kuvela amasignali avela kukhompyutha esebhodini, udinga ukuxhumana nensizakalo ngokushesha okukhulu;
5. Lapho ushintsha izingxenye, sebenzisa imikhiqizo yekhwalithi evela kubakhiqizi abathembekile;
6. Lapho ushintsha ama-brake pads, gcoba zonke izingxenye ze-caliper eziyidingayo (lokhu kuboniswa emiyalweni yokusebenza nokufakwa komshini);
7. Ungasebenzisi amasondo angajwayelekile kule modeli, ngoba kulokhu amaphedi azoguga ngokushesha;
8. Gwema amabhuleki asindayo ngejubane eliphezulu.

Ukulandela le mihlahlandlela elula ngeke nje kwandise impilo yamabhuleki, kodwa futhi kuzokwenza noma yikuphi ukugibela kuphephe ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, le vidiyo ichaza ukuvikelwa nokulungiswa kohlelo lwamabhuleki emoto:

I-Rio, Solaris ukugcinwa okulungile kohlelo lwamabhuleki + ukushintshwa kwamaphayiphu.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-braking systems akhona? Amasistimu okubhuleka ezimoto ahlukene: ukusebenza, okuyisipele, okuyizisiza kanye nendawo yokupaka. Kuye ngesigaba semoto, uhlelo ngalunye lunezinguquko zalo.

Yenzelweni isistimu yamabhuleki okupaka? Lolu hlelo lubizwa nangokuthi ibhuleki lesandla. Kuhloswe ngokuyinhloko ukuvimbela imoto ukuthi ingagingqiki ihlehle ihlehle. Icushwa ngesikhathi sokupaka noma ukuze kuqalwe kahle intaba.

Iyini i-auxiliary braking system? Lolu hlelo luhlinzeka ngokulawula okwengeziwe kwejubane lemoto eliqhubekayo phakathi nokwehla okude (usebenzisa ukubhuleka kwenjini).