Izici Nezinzuzo Zokumiswa Kwe-Magnetic

Noma iyiphi imoto yesimanje, ngisho nesabelomali kakhulu, izofakwa ngokumiswa. Lolu hlelo luyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokuhamba ngokunethezeka emigwaqweni enezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezindawo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kokunethezeka, inhloso yale ngxenye yomshini ukukhuthaza ukushayela okuphephile. Ukuze uthole imininingwane yokuthi ukumiswa kuyini, funda ngokubuyekezwa okuhlukile.

Njenganoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo, ukumiswa kuyathuthukiswa. Ngenxa yemizamo yonjiniyela abavela ekukhathazekeni okuhlukahlukene kwezimoto, ngaphezu kokulungiswa kwemishini yakudala, sekuvele kukhona idizayini yomoya (funda kabanzi ngayo lapha), ukumiswa kwe-hydraulic and magnetic nezinhlobo zazo.

Ake sicabangele ukuthi uhlobo lwamagnetic elengayo lusebenza kanjani, ukuguqulwa kwalo, kanye nezinzuzo ngaphezulu kwezakhiwo zomshini zakudala.

Kuyini ukumiswa kazibuthe

Yize i-damping system yemoto iqhubeka ithuthukiswa, futhi kuvela izinto ezintsha ekwakhiweni kwayo noma i-geometry yezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zezinguquko, ukusebenza kwayo kuhlala kufana. I-absorber absorber ithambisa ukushaqeka okudluliswa kusuka emgwaqeni ngesondo kuya emzimbeni ngokwehlukana). Intwasahlobo ibuyisela isondo endaweni yalo lasekuqaleni. Ngenxa yalolu hlelo lomsebenzi, ukuhamba kwemoto kuhambisana nokunamathela okungapheli kwamasondo ebusweni bomgwaqo.

Ungayishintsha ngokuphelele imodi yokumiswa ngokufaka into eguquguqukayo epulatifomu yomshini ezokwazi ukuzivumelanisa nesimo somgwaqo futhi ithuthukise ukuphatha imoto, noma ngabe umgwaqo muhle noma mubi kangakanani. Isibonelo sezakhiwo ezinjalo ukumiswa okuguqukayo, okuvele kufakwe ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene kumamodeli we-serial (ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngalolu hlobo lwedivayisi, funda lapha).

Njengenye yezinhlobo zezinqubo eziguqukayo, uhlobo lokumiswa kagesi lwakhiwa. Uma siqhathanisa lokhu kuthuthukiswa ne-analogue ye-hydraulic, ekuguqulweni kwesibili kukhona uketshezi olukhethekile kuma-actuator. I-elektroniki iguqula ingcindezi emadamini, ukuze into ngayinye yokuthambisa ishintshe ukuqina kwayo. Isimiso siyefana nohlobo lwe-pneumatic. Ububi bezinhlelo ezinjalo ukuthi isekethe elisebenzayo alikwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nesimo somgwaqo, ngoba lidinga ukugcwaliswa ngenani elengeziwe lesikhungo sokusebenza, okuthatha okungenani imizuzwana embalwa.

Indlela esheshayo yokubhekana nalo msebenzi kungaba izindlela ezisebenza ngesisekelo sokusebenzisana kwe-electromagnetic kwezinto eziphezulu. Baphendula kakhulu kumyalo, ngoba ukushintsha imodi yokuthambisa, akudingekile ukuthi ushaye noma ukhiphe indawo yokusebenza ethangini. I-elekthronikhi ekumisweni kukazibuthe ikhipha umyalo, futhi idivayisi iphendula ngokushesha kulezi zimpawu.

Ukukhuphuka kwenduduzo yokuhamba, ukuphepha ngejubane eliphezulu kanye nemigwaqo engazinzile, kanye nokuphathwa kalula yizizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani onjiniyela bezama ukusebenzisa ukumiswa kazibuthe ezimotweni zokukhiqiza, ngoba imiklamo yakudala ayikwazi ukufeza imingcele efanele kulokhu.

Wona kanye umqondo wokwenza imoto "ezulazulayo" awumusha. Uvame ukutholakala emakhasini emisebenzi emnandi enezindiza ezimangazayo zama-gravikars. Kuze kube yiminyaka yokuqala yama-80s yekhulu elidlule, lo mbono wahlala esiteji sezinganekwane, futhi abanye abacwaningi babecabanga ukuthi kungenzeka, kodwa esikhathini esizayo esikude.

Kodwa-ke, ngo-1982, kwavela isitimela sokuqala emhlabeni esitimeleni esihamba ngokumiswa kukazibuthe. Le moto ibizwa nge-magnetoplane. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-analogs akudala, lesi sitimela saba nejubane elingakaze libonwe ngaleso sikhathi - ngaphezu kwe-500 km / h, futhi maqondana nobumnene bokuthi "ukundiza" nokungasebenzi komsebenzi, izinyoni kuphela ezingenza ukuncintisana kwangempela. Okuwukuphela kwento ebabazekayo ngenxa yokuthi ukusebenza kwale ntuthuko kuhamba kancane akuzona kuphela izindleko eziphakeme zesitimela uqobo. Ukuze akwazi ukunyakaza, udinga ithrekhi ekhethekile enikeza amandla kazibuthe afanele.

Yize le ntuthuko ingakasetshenziswa embonini yezimoto, ososayensi abayishiyi le phrojekthi "beqoqa uthuli eshalofini." Isizathu ukuthi umthetho wokusebenza kagesi uqeda nya ukungqubuzana kwamasondo okushayela ebusweni bomgwaqo, kusale ukumelana komoya kuphela. Njengoba kungenakwenzeka ukudlulisa ngokuphelele zonke izimoto ezinamasondo kuhlobo olufanayo lwe-chassis (kuzodingeka ukwakha imigwaqo ehambisanayo emhlabeni jikelele), onjiniyela bagxile ekwethuleni le ntuthuko ekumisweni kwezimoto.

Ngenxa yokufakwa kwezinto ze-electromagnetic kumasampula wokuhlola, ososayensi bakwazile ukuhlinzeka ngezimoto zomqondo ezinamandla amakhulu nokulawulwa. Umklamo ukumiswa kazibuthe kunalokho nzima. Kuyinto yokubeka efakwe kuwo wonke amasondo ngokuya ngomgomo ofanayo ne-MacPherson rack (funda ngayo ngokuningiliziwe kwesinye isihloko). Lezi zinto azidingi indlela yokunciphisa (i-shock absorber) noma intwasahlobo.

Ukulungiswa kokusebenza kwalolu hlelo kwenziwa ngeyunithi yokulawula ngogesi (ehlukile, ngoba i-microprocessor idinga ukucubungula idatha eningi futhi isebenze inani elikhulu lama-algorithms). Esinye isici salokhu kumiswa ukuthi, ngokungafani nezinguqulo zakudala, ayidingi amabha we-torsion, ama-stabilizers nezinye izingxenye ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwemoto lapho igoba nangejubane eliphezulu. Esikhundleni salokho, kungasetshenziswa uketshezi olukhethekile lukazibuthe, oluhlanganisa izakhiwo zoketshezi kanye nezinto ezinamandla, noma ama-valve we-solenoid.

Ezinye izimoto zesimanje zisebenzisa izifunxi ezishaqisayo ezinento efanayo esikhundleni samafutha. Njengoba kunamathuba aphezulu wokwehluleka kohlelo (ngemuva kwakho konke, lokhu kuseyintuthuko entsha, engakacatshangwa ngokuphelele), iziphethu zingaba khona kudivayisi yayo.

Ukuthi isebenza kanjani

Umgomo wokusebenzisana kwama-electromagnets uthathwa njengesisekelo sokusebenza kokumiswa kukazibuthe (kuma-hydraulic kuyamanzi, emoyeni womoya - emoyeni nakuzimishini - izingxenye ezinwebeka noma iziphethu). Ukusebenza kwalolu hlelo kusekelwe kulesi simiso esilandelayo.

Kusukela esifundweni sesikole, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi izingongolo ezifanayo zamagnet ziyaphindisela. Ukuxhuma izakhi ezinamandla, uzodinga ukusebenzisa umzamo owanele (le parameter incike kusayizi wezinto okufanele zixhunywe namandla wensimu kazibuthe). Ozibuthe abasebenza njalo abanenkambu eqinile ukumelana nesisindo semoto kunzima ukuthola, futhi ubukhulu bezinto ezinjalo ngeke zivume ukuthi zisetshenziswe ezimotweni, ingasaphathwa eyokuzivumelanisa nesimo somgwaqo.

Ungakha futhi uzibuthe ngogesi. Kulokhu, kuzosebenza kuphela lapho i-actuator inikwa amandla. Amandla endawo kazibuthe kuleli cala angalawulwa ngokwandisa okukhona manje ezingxenyeni ezixhumanayo. Ngale nqubo, kungenzeka ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa amandla anyanyisayo, futhi ngawo ukuqina kokumiswa.

Izici ezinjalo zamagnoma kagesi zenza kube lula ukuzisebenzisa njengeziphethu nezidambisi. Ngalokhu, isakhiwo kufanele okungenani sibe nama-electromagnet okungenani amabili. Ukwehluleka ukucindezela izingxenye kunomphumela ofanayo ne-classic shock absorber, futhi amandla anyanyisayo omazibuthe afaniswa nalawo entwasahlobo noma intwasahlobo. Ngenxa yenhlanganisela yalezi zakhiwo, intwasahlobo kagesi ephendula ngokushesha okukhulu kunabalingani bemishini, futhi isikhathi sokuphendula sokulawula amasiginali sifushane kakhulu, njengakwisimo se-hydraulic noma i-pneumatics.

Ku-arsenal yabathuthukisi sekuvele kunenani elanele lama-electromagnet asebenzayo wokuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene. Osekusele ukudala ukumiswa kahle kwe-ECU okuzokwamukela amasiginali avela ku-chassis nakuma-sensor position futhi kulungiswe kahle ukumiswa. Ngokomqondo, lo mbono ungokoqobo ongawusebenzisa, kepha umkhuba ukhombisa ukuthi le ntuthuko inezingibe eziningana.

Okokuqala, izindleko zokufakwa okunjalo zizoba phezulu kakhulu kumshayeli onemali engenayo emaphakathi. Futhi akubona bonke abantu abacebile ababekwazi ukuthenga imoto ngokumiswa okugcwele okugcwele kazibuthe. Okwesibili, ukunakekelwa kohlelo olunjalo kuzohlanganiswa nobunzima obengeziwe, ngokwesibonelo, ubunzima bokulungiswa kanye nenani elincane lochwepheshe abakuqondayo ubunzima besistimu.

Kungamiswa ukumiswa okugcwele kwamandla kazibuthe, kepha ngeke kukwazi ukudala ukuncintisana okufanelekile, ngoba bambalwa abantu abazofuna ukukhipha imali eningi ngenxa yejubane lokuphendula lokumiswa okuguqukayo. Kushibhile kakhulu, futhi ngempumelelo enhle, izinto ezilawulwa ngogesi zingangeniswa ekwakhiweni kwezinciphisi zakudala.

Futhi lobu buchwepheshe sebuvele bunamacala amabili okusetshenziswa:

1. Faka i-valve ye-electromechanical ku-absorber yokushaqeka eguqula isigaba somzila lapho uwoyela usuka komunye umgodi uye komunye. Kulokhu, ungashintsha masinyane ukuqina kokumiswa: ukuvuleka okubanzi ngokudlulele, ukuthamba kwesithambisi kuyasebenza futhi okuphambene nalokho.
2. Jova uketshezi lwamagnetic rheological emgodini we-shock absorber, oguqula izakhiwo zawo ngenxa yomphumela kazibuthe kuwo. Ingqikithi yokuguqulwa okunjalo iyefana neyangaphambilini - into esebenzayo igeleza ngokushesha noma ihamba kancane isuka kwelinye ikamelo iye kwelinye.

Zombili lezi zinketho sezivele zisetshenzisiwe kwezinye izimoto zokukhiqiza. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala akusheshi kangako, kepha kushibhile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinciphisi ezishaqisayo ezigcwele uketshezi kazibuthe.

Izinhlobo zokumiswa kazibuthe

Njengoba ukumiswa kukazibuthe okugcwele kusakhiwa, abenzi bezimoto basebenzisa kancane lolu hlelo ezimotweni zabo zemoto, belandela enye yezindlela ezimbili ezishiwo ngenhla.

Emhlabeni, phakathi kwayo yonke intuthuko yokumiswa kukazibuthe, kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezifanelwe ukunakwa. Ngaphandle komehluko wokusebenza, ukuklanywa nokusetshenziswa kwama-actuator ahlukahlukene, konke lokhu kuguqulwa kunokufana okuningana. Uhlu lufaka:

• Ama-levers nezinye izinto zokuhamba kwemoto, ezinquma ukuqondiswa kokuhamba kwamasondo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokumiswa;
• Izinzwa zokuma kwamasondo maqondana nomzimba, ijubane lokujikeleza kwazo nesimo somgwaqo phambi kwemoto. Lolu hlu lubandakanya nezinzwa ezenzelwe injongo ejwayelekile - amandla okucindezela i-pedal / brake pedal, umthwalo we-injini, isivinini senjini, njll.
• Iyunithi yokulawula ehlukile lapho amasiginali avela kuzo zonke izinzwa kuhlelo eqoqwayo futhi acutshungulwe. I-microprocessor ikhiqiza izintambo zokulawula ngokuya ngama-algorithms athungiwe ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza;
• Ama-electromagnets, lapho, ngaphansi kwethonya likagesi, insimu kazibuthe enezimpawu ezihambisanayo yakhiwa;
• Isitshalo samandla esidala amandla amanje asebenza ngozibuthe abanamandla.

Ake sicabangele ukuthi yini eyodwa yazo, bese sizoxoxa ngezinzuzo nezinkinga zenguqulo kazibuthe yesistimu yedamper yemoto. Ngaphambi kokuthi siqale, kufanelekile ukucacisa ukuthi azikho kulezi zinhlelo eziwumkhiqizo wobunhloli bezinkampani. Intuthuko ngayinye ingumqondo othuthukiswe ngamunye onelungelo lokuba khona emhlabeni wemboni yezimoto.

SKF ukumiswa kazibuthe

I-SKF ingumkhiqizi waseSweden wezingxenye zezimoto zokulungisa izimoto eziqeqeshiwe. Idizayini yezinciphisi ezishaqisayo zalo mkhiqizo ilula ngangokunokwenzeka. Idivayisi yalezi zingxenye eziphefumulayo nezidampayo ifaka izinto ezilandelayo:

• Capsule;
• Ama-electromagnet amabili;
• Isiqu sedamper;
• Intwasahlobo.

Umgomo wokusebenza kohlelo olunje ulandelayo. Lapho uhlelo lwemoto kagesi luqaliswa, ama-electromagnets atholakala ku-capsule ayasebenza. Ngenxa yezigxobo ezifanayo zikazibuthe, lezi zinto ziyaxoshwa. Kule modi, idivayisi isebenza njengesiphethu - ayivumeli umzimba wemoto ukuthi ulale emasondweni.

Lapho imoto ihamba emgwaqeni, izinzwa esondweni ngalinye zithumela amasiginali ku-ECU. Ngokuya ngale mininingwane, iyunithi yokulawula iguqula amandla kazibuthe, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulise ukuhamba komugqa, futhi ukumiswa kube ukuthamba okuvamile kusuka kwezemidlalo. Iyunithi yokulawula iphinde ilawule ukunyakaza okumi mpo kwentambo yomugqa, okunganiki isithombe sokuthi umshini ugijimela emithonjeni yodwa.

Umphumela wokuhluma awuhlinzekwa kuphela yizici ezinyanyekayo zamagnet, kepha entwasahlobo, efakwe eraki uma kwenzeka kucima ugesi. Futhi, le nto ikuvumela ukuthi ucishe odonsa lapho imoto imile ngohlelo olungasebenzi ebhodini.

Okubi ngalolu hlobo lokumiswa ukuthi kudla amandla amaningi, njengoba i-ECU ihlale ishintsha amandla kagesi kumakhoyili kazibuthe ukuze uhlelo luhambisane ngokushesha nesimo esisemgwaqeni. Kepha uma siqhathanisa "ukuminza" kwalokhu kumiswa nokunye okunamathiselwe (ngokwesibonelo, ngesipholisi somoya nokushisa kwangaphakathi okusebenzayo), lapho-ke akudli inani elikhulu likagesi. Into esemqoka ukuthi kufakwa i-generator enamandla afanele emshinini (kuchazwa ukuthi yimuphi umsebenzi owenziwa yile ndlela lapha).

Ukumiswa kweDelphi

Izici ezintsha zokudambisa zinikezwa ukumiswa okwenziwe yinkampani yaseMelika iDelphi. Ngaphandle, kufana nesimo sakudala sikaMcPherson. Ithonya lama-electromagnet lenziwa kuphela kuzici ze-magnetic rheological fluid emigodini ye-absorber shock. Ngaphandle kwalo mklamo olula, lolu hlobo lokumiswa lukhombisa ukujwayela okuhle kakhulu kokuqina kwamadampasi ngokuya ngamasignali avela kwiyunithi yokulawula.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo be-hydraulic ngokuqina okuguqukayo, lokhu kuguqulwa kuphendula ngokushesha okukhulu. Umsebenzi odonsa uguqula kuphela i-viscosity yento esebenzayo. Ngokuphathelene nento yasentwasahlobo, ukuqina kwayo akudingi ukuthi kuguqulwe. Umsebenzi wawo ukubuyisela isondo emgwaqweni ngokushesha okukhulu uma ushayela ngejubane ezindaweni ezingalingani. Ngokuya ngokuthi i-elekthronikhi isebenza kanjani, uhlelo luyakwazi ukwenza ngokushesha ukuthi uketshezi olusemunzini lokushaqeka lube uketshezi oluningi ukuze induku yedamper ihambe ngokushesha.

Lezi zakhiwo zokumiswa azisizi kangako ekuthuthweni komphakathi. Izingxenyana zesibili zidlala indima ebalulekile kwi-motorsport. Uhlelo ngokwalo aludingi mandla amaningi njengakwisimo sangaphambilini sedampers. Uhlelo olunjalo luphethwe futhi ngesisekelo sedatha evela ezinzwa ezahlukahlukene ezisemasondweni nasakhiweni sokumiswa.

Lokhu kuthuthukiswa sekuvele kusetshenziswa ngenkuthalo kumikhiqizo yokumiswa eguquguqukayo efana ne-Audi ne-GM (amanye amamodeli we-Cadillac no-Chevrolet).

Ukumiswa kweBose Electromagnetic

Umkhiqizo weBose waziwa ngabashayeli abaningi ngezinhlelo zawo zezipikha eziphambili. Kepha ngaphezu kokulungiswa komsindo osezingeni eliphakeme, inkampani ibuye isebenze ekwakhiweni kolunye lwezinhlobo ezimangalisa kakhulu zokumiswa kukazibuthe. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, uprofesa odala ama-acoustics amangalisayo, futhi "ungenwe" ngomqondo wokudala ukumiswa okugcwele kwamandla kazibuthe.

Idizayini yokukhula kwayo ifana ne-absorber absorber efanayo, futhi ama-electromagnets kudivayisi afakwa ngokuya ngomgomo, njengasekuguquleni kwe-SKF. Kuphela abaziphikisi, njengakwinguqulo yokuqala. Ama-electromagnet ngokwawo atholakala kulo lonke ubude benduku nomzimba, ngaphakathi lapho kuhamba khona, futhi amandla kazibuthe akhulisiwe futhi inani lama-pluses liyakhuphuka.

Ukucaciswa kokufakwa okunjalo ukuthi akudingi amandla amaningi. Futhi yenza ngasikhathi sinye umsebenzi wazo zombili i-damper nesiphethu, futhi isebenza zombili ngendlela eyi-static (imoto imile) futhi inamandla amakhulu (imoto ihamba ngomgwaqo onamaqhubu).

Uhlelo ngokwalo luhlinzeka ngokulawulwa kwenombolo enkulu yezinqubo ezenzeka ngenkathi imoto ishayela. Damping oscillations kwenzeka ngenxa yoshintsho olubukhali ezigxotsheni kazibuthe. Uhlelo lweBose lubhekwa njengebhentshi yayo yonke leyo miklamo yokumiswa. Iyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngesifo esishisayo senduku ngamasentimitha angamashumi amabili, iqinise umzimba ngokuphelele, isuse ngisho umqulu omncane ngesikhathi sekhoneni elinejubane eliphezulu, kanye "nokuchofoza" ngesikhathi sokubopha amabhuleki.

Lokhu kumiswa kukazibuthe kuhlolwe kumodeli ovelele we-automaker yaseJapan i-Lexus LS, okuyiyona, ngasendleleni, esanda kufakwa restyling (kwethulwe idrayivu yokuhlola enye yezinguqulo zangaphambilini ze-premium sedan kwesinye isihloko). Naphezu kokuthi le modeli isivele ithole ukumiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu, ebonakala ngokusebenza ngokushelelayo, ngenkathi kwethulwa uhlelo kazibuthe bekungenakwenzeka ukuthi ungaboni ukunconywa kwezintatheli ezizenzakalelayo.

Umenzi uhlomise lolu hlelo ngezindlela eziningana zokusebenza nenani elikhulu lezilungiselelo ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, lapho imoto ikhona ekhoneni ngejubane elikhulu, ukumiswa kwe-ECU kuqopha ijubane lemoto, ukuqala kokugoqeka komzimba. Ngokuya ngamasignali avela ezinzwa, ugesi unikezwa ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu kuraki lelinye lamasondo alayishwe kakhulu (imvamisa kuyisondo langaphambili, elisendleleni engaphandle yesiyingi sokujikeleza). Ngenxa yalokhu, isondo langaphandle langemuva nalo liba isondo lokusekela, futhi imoto igcina ibambelele ngaphezulu komgwaqo.

Esinye isici sokumiswa kukaBose ngozibuthe ukuthi singasebenza njenge-generator yesibili. Lapho induku yokushaqeka inyakazisa, uhlelo lokululama oluhambisanayo luqoqa amandla akhululiwe angene ku-accumulator. Kungenzeka ukuthi le ntuthuko izothuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe. Ngaphandle kokuthi lolu hlobo lokumiswa ngokomqondo lusebenza kahle kakhulu, okunzima kakhulu ukuhlela uhlelo lokulawula ukuze umshini ukwazi ukubona amandla aphelele ohlelo oluchazwe kwimidwebo.

Amathemba okuvela kokumiswa kukazibuthe

Naphezu kokusebenza kwayo okusobala, ukumiswa okugcwele okugcwele kazibuthe akukhiqizwanga ngobuningi. Okwamanje, isithiyo esikhulu kulokhu yisici sezindleko nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kohlelo. Ukumiswa kwamagnetic okuguqukayo kuyabiza kakhulu, futhi akukakakhiwa ngokugcwele (kunzima ukudala isoftware eyanele, ngoba inani elikhulu lama-algorithms kufanele lisebenze ku-microprocessor ukuze lithole amandla alo aphelele). Kepha manje sekukhona ukuthambekela okuhle ekusetshenzisweni komqondo ezimotweni zesimanje.

Noma yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obusha budinga ukuxhaswa. Akunakwenzeka ukuthuthukisa intsha futhi ngokushesha uyiqalise ochungechungeni ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kokuqala, futhi ngaphezu komsebenzi wonjiniyela nabahleli bohlelo, le nqubo futhi idinga utshalomali olukhulu. Kodwa lapho nje ukuthuthukiswa kufakwa ku-conveyor, ukwakheka kwayo kuzokwenziwa lula, okwenza kube lula ukubona idivaysi enjalo hhayi kuphela ezimotweni ze-premium, kepha futhi nakumamodeli wengxenye yamanani aphakathi.

Kungenzeka ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izinhlelo zizothuthuka, okuzokwenza ukuthi izimoto ezinamasondo zikhululeke futhi ziphephe. Izindlela ezisuselwa ekusebenzisaneni kwama-electromagnet nazo zingasetshenziswa kweminye imiklamo yezimoto. Isibonelo, ukwandisa induduzo ngenkathi ushayela iloli, isihlalo somshayeli singasuselwa ku-pneumatic, kodwa kumcamelo kazibuthe.

Ngokuqondene nokwakhiwa kokumiswa kwe-electromagnetic, namuhla izinhlelo ezilandelayo ezihlobene zidinga ukuthuthukiswa:

• Uhlelo lokuzula. Ama-elekthronikhi kumele anqume isimo somgwaqo ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngokususelwa kudatha ye-GPS navigator (funda ngezici zomsebenzi wedivayisi lapha). Ukumiswa okulungiswayo kulungiselelwe kusengaphambili izindawo ezinzima zomgwaqo (ezinye izinhlelo zokuzulazula zinikeza imininingwane ngesimo sendawo yomgwaqo) noma ngenani elikhulu lokujika.
• Uhlelo lokubuka ngaphambi kwemoto. Ngokuya ngezinzwa ze-infrared kanye nokuhlaziywa kwesithombe esivela kwikhamera yevidiyo yangaphambili, uhlelo kumele lunqume kusengaphambili uhlobo lwezinguquko ebusweni bomgwaqo futhi luhambisane nolwazi olutholile.

Ezinye izinkampani sezivele zisebenzisa amasistimu afanayo kumamodeli wazo, ngakho-ke kukhona ukuzethemba ekuthuthukiseni okuseduze kokumiswa kazibuthe kwezimoto.

Izinzuzo nokungalungi

Njenganoma iyiphi enye indlela entsha ehlelelwe ukwakhiwa ekwakhiweni kwezimoto (noma esivele isetshenziswa ezimotweni), zonke izinhlobo zokumiswa kwe-electromagnetic zinezinzuzo nezinkinga.

Ake sikhulume ngobuhle kuqala. Lolu hlu lubandakanya lezi zinto:

• Izici zokudambisa zohlelo azinakuqhathaniswa ngokusebenza ngokushelelayo;
• Ngokulungisa kahle izindlela zokuthambisa, ukusingathwa kwemoto kucishe kuphelele ngaphandle kwezimpawu zemiklamo elula. Umphumela ofanayo uqinisekisa ukubambelela okuphezulu emgwaqeni, noma ngabe ikhwalithi yayo injani;
• Ngesikhathi sokusheshisa nokubopha kanzima, imoto "ayilumi" impumulo yayo futhi ayihlali ku-asi engemuva, ezimotweni ezijwayelekile ezithinta kakhulu ukubamba kwayo;
• Ukugqoka iTire kungaphezu kwalokho. Vele, uma i-geometry ye-levers nezinye izinto zokumiswa ne-chassis zilungiswe kahle (ukuthola eminye imininingwane nge-camber, funda ngokwehlukana);
• I-aerodynamics yemoto iyathuthukiswa, ngoba umzimba wayo uhlala uhambisana nomgwaqo;
• Ukugqoka okungalingani kwezakhi zesakhiwo kuqedwa ngokusabalalisa amandla phakathi kwamasondo alayishiwe / alayishiwe.

Empeleni, wonke amaphuzu amahle ahlobene nenhloso enkulu yanoma yikuphi ukumiswa. Wonke umenzi wezimoto ulwela ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezikhona zezinhlelo zokumisa ukuze asondeze imikhiqizo yabo eduze ngangokunokwenzeka kulokho okushiwo.

Ngokuqondene nobubi, ukumiswa kukazibuthe kunakho. Leli yinani lalo. Uma ufaka ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele okuvela ku-Bose, khona-ke ngisho nekhwalithi ephansi yangaphakathi kanye nokucushwa okuncane kohlelo lwe-elektroniki, imoto isazobiza kakhulu. Akekho noyedwa umenzi wezimoto osalungele ukufaka onobuhle abanjalo ochungechungeni (noma olunomkhawulo), enethemba lokuthi abacebile bazowuthenga ngokushesha lo mkhiqizo omusha, futhi akusizi ngalutho ukutshala imali eningi emotweni ezoba sezinqolobaneni . Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwenza ukwenziwa kwezimoto ezinjalo nge-oda ngalinye, kepha kulokhu kunezinkampani ezimbalwa ezikulungele ukunikeza insizakalo enjalo.

Ekuphetheni, siphakamisa ukuthi ubuke ividiyo emfushane yokuthi ukumiswa kukaBose kazibuthe kusebenza kanjani uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo bakudala:

Okusunguliwe AKUKHO okwabantu abavamile. WONKE UMUNTU UNGATHANDA ukubona lobu buchwepheshe emotweni yakhe