Ungayikhetha kanjani uwoyela enjini

Noma yimuphi umshayeli kufanele azi njengamabili noma amabili: uwoyela osenjini yemoto uyefana nohlelo lokujikeleza komuntu. Ukusebenza kahle nokuqina kwemoto kuncike kuyo.

Ngakho-ke, umshayeli kufanele azi ukuthi uzowashintsha kangaki uwoyela we-injini nokuthi iyiphi okufanele ayikhethe. Nakhu okushiwo ochwepheshe.

Yikuphi okungcono ukusebenzisa

Ngephutha, abanikazi bezimoto abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuthandwa kohlobo oluthile lukawoyela kuyisici esibalulekile kulolu daba. Kepha empeleni, lokhu akunjalo neze.

Nakhu okufanele ucabangele:

• izincomo zomkhiqizi wemoto;
• Izimo zokusebenza;
• insiza yezimoto.

Okokuqala, lapho kwenziwa izinjini, abakhiqizi benza izivivinyo ezinquma "okushiwo yigolide" ekusetshenzisweni kukawoyela wenjini. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukulandela izincomo zomkhiqizi.

Okwesibili, kwesinye isikhathi imoto isebenza ezimweni ezingahlangabezani nezidingo zohlobo olufunayo lwento yokugcoba. Isibonelo, indawo lapho ubusika bunzima khona.

Okwesithathu, ngenxa yokugqokwa kwamasongo e-piston, imvume ngaphakathi kwamasilinda iba nkulu. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni zezimoto ezindala, izinto ezine-viscosity ephansi azisebenzi.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-SAE

Uma imoto ingasekho esikhathini sewaranti futhi injini "igijimele ngaphakathi", ungakhetha i-lubricant yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi elungele izimo zendawo. Ungalahleki kanjani ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezimpahla ezisemashalofini?

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukunaka inani le-SAE. Kuhlala kukhonjiswa esibhokisini sethini. Isibonelo, i-5W-30. Incwadi ekumaka lokhu ikhombisa izinga le-viscosity ebusika (ebusika). Inombolo ephambi kwayo ikhombisa umkhawulo wobushushu obuncane lapho i-starter izokhipha ngokukhululekile khona i-crankshaft. Kulokhu, lesi sibalo sizoba ngaphakathi kwama-degree angama-30 eqhwa.

Itafula elizokusiza uthole uwoyela ofanele wezimo zakho zasendaweni:

Cold ukuqala lokushisa:	Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-SAE	Ukushisa okuphezulu komoya:
Kusuka - 35 nangaphansi	0W-30 / 0W-40	+ 25 / + 30
-30	5W-30 / 5W-40	+ 25 / + 35
-25	10W-30 / 10W-40	+ 25 / + 35
-20 / -15	15W-40 / 20W-40	+ 45 / + 45

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ezinye izinhlobo zamafutha zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ezimweni ezikhethekile. Ama-semi-synthetics aphakathi kwezigcobi "zomhlaba wonke".

Izincomo zokukhetha

Uma injini isesigabeni "sokugijima", okungukuthi, zonke izingxenye ezintsha ezifakiwe ngemuva kokulungiswa noma ekuthengeni kokuqala imoto azikasetshenziswa, ochwepheshe bayeluleka ngokusebenzisa izinto eziphansi ze-viscosity. Ngokungafani nama-analog aminyene, uwoyela onjalo udala ifilimu elincane lokuvikela ebusweni bezinto ezihlikihlayo. Lokhu kunikeza "ukugaya" okuthambile kweqembu lama-piston, amabheringi, ama-bushings, imibhede ye-camshaft, njll. Isibonelo, kulokhu, izingqondo zincoma ukuthela i-5W-30, noma i-0W-20.

Injini ikhula, i-viscosity kawoyela wenjini kufanele ibe phezulu. Isibonelo, i-5W-40 nangaphansi ekilasini. Ngale ndlela imoto ayizukuphelelwa ngamandla ngezinga eliphezulu. Izikhala ezengeziwe zizonxephezelwa yifilimu enamafutha ewugqinsi. Futhi lokhu kuzothinta ngokuphawulekayo ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli (ngokuya ngokusebenza kahle).

Unganquma kanjani uma sekuyisikhathi sokushintshela kwesinye isigaba samafutha kawoyela? Nayi inhlanganisela yezinto ezibonisa lokhu:

• amamayela aphezulu;
• ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okwandisiwe;
• kuncishiswe amandla emoto.

Elinye iphuzu yimodi yokushayela. Ekuvuseleleni okuphezulu, injini ihlale ishisa ngaphezulu. Futhi ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa, kwehla i-viscosity kawoyela wemoto. Ngakho-ke, umshayeli ngokwakhe kufanele anqume incazelo yegolide yemoto yakhe.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-API

Ngokungeziwe kusigaba se-viscosity samafutha, ahlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana ze-API. Lesi yisimo esivumela ukuthi ukhethe i-lubricant ngohlobo lwemoto nonyaka wokukhiqizwa kwayo.

Wonke amafutha enjini ahlelwa ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. S - izinto zokuthambisa ze-carburetor nezinjini zomjovo;
2. С - izifaniso zezinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi zikadizili;
3. T - izinjini ezimbili unhlangothi.

Ukumaka i-API:

Unyaka wokukhiqizwa kwemoto:	Isigaba se-API:
Kuze kube ngo-1967	SA, SB, SC
1967-1979	I-SD, SE
1979-1993	SF, SG
1993-2001	SH, SJ
2001-2011	I-SL, SM
2011	SN

Isigaba esinezinhlamvu J, L, M, N sithathwa njengokumaka okungokoqobo namuhla. Izinhlobo F, G, H zibhekwa njengamafutha wezimoto angasebenzi.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, lapho ukhetha uwoyela wenjini, kubalulekile ukuthi unake hhayi kuphela i-viscosity yayo emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi aphezulu kakhulu. Ezinye izinto zokugcoba zenzelwe kuphela uphethiloli kaphethiloli noma udizili. Yize ungathola izinketho zomhlaba wonke ezitolo. Kulokhu, i-canister izokhombisa: SN / CF.

Uwashintsha kangaki uwoyela?

Imvamisa abakhiqizi bencwajana yemoto bakhombisa ukuthi uwoyela wenjini udinga ukuguqulwa njalo kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Abanye abashayeli behlisa lesi sikhathi singene ku-10 ukuze babe nokuzethemba okukhulu.

Kodwa-ke, mileage yemoto akufanele kube ukuphela kwenkomba yohlelo lokushintshwa. Izici ezingeziwe zifaka:

• umthwalo emotweni (ukuthuthwa kaningi kwemithwalo esindayo);
• ivolumu yenjini. Izinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi ezinamandla aphansi ezimotweni ezisindayo zidinga ama-revs andile;
• amahora enjini. Ngeminye imininingwane yokuthi zibalwa kanjani, bheka isihloko esihlukile.

Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kukawoyela wenjini kuyisigaba esibalulekile ekulondolozweni kwemoto. Ukulandela izincomo ezilula zochwepheshe, umshayeli uzokwandisa kakhulu isisetshenziswa "semisipha yenhliziyo" yehhashi lakhe lensimbi.

Nasi isifinyezo sevidiyo esifushane semikhiqizo kawoyela eyaziwayo:

Amafutha wenjini angcono kakhulu. ingabe ikhona?

Imibuzo ejwayelekile:

Hlobo luni lwamafutha lokuthela enjinini? Kuya ngesimo seyunithi yamandla nezincomo zomkhiqizi. Uma imoto ihlinzekwa ngamanzi amaminerali, isivele ine-mileage ephezulu, khona-ke ama-semi-synthetics noma ama-synthetics azokwakha ifilimu kawoyela esezingeni eliphansi, engadala ukuthi ishe ngokushesha. Injini kadizili incike ohlotsheni lwayo lokugcoba.

Yini i-viscosity kawoyela? I-viscosity kawoyela ibhekisa ekumelaneni kwe-shear phakathi kwezingqimba zikawoyela. I-viscosity incike ekushiseni ketshezi. Ukushisa okuphezulu kwenza uwoyela ube mncane. Njengoba izinga lokushisa lincipha, i-viscosity iyanda (iba mkhulu).

Zisho ukuthini izinombolo ku-oyela? Ukumaka, isibonelo 10W40, kusho: 10 - i-viscosity emazingeni okushisa we-subzero, W - ebusika, 40 - i-viscosity emazingeni okushisa amahle. Kunamafutha asebusika (SAE5W) noma amafutha ehlobo (SAE50).