Yini i-car aerodynamics?

Uma ubheka izithombe zomlando zezinhlobo zezimoto ezidumile, noma ngubani uzobona ngokushesha ukuthi njengoba sisondela ezinsukwini zethu, umzimba wemoto uya ngokuya uncipha.

Lokhu kungenxa ye-aerodynamics. Ake sicabangele ukuthi yini le nto eyingqayizivele yalo mphumela, kungani kubalulekile ukubhekela imithetho ye-aerodynamic, nokuthi yiziphi izimoto ezinokungalingani kokulungiswa okungalungile, nokuthi yimiphi emihle.

Yini i-car aerodynamics

Kungazwakala kungajwayelekile, uma imoto ihamba ngejubane lomgwaqo, iyothambekela ngokwengeziwe ukusuka phansi. Isizathu ukuthi ukuhamba komoya imoto eshayisana nayo kunqunywa izingxenye ezimbili ngumzimba wemoto. Enye iya phakathi kwephansi nangaphezulu komgwaqo, enye idlule ophahleni, ijikeleze nentaba yomshini.

Uma ubheka eceleni komzimba wemoto, khona-ke ngokubukeka izofana nephiko lendiza. Okucacile kwalesi sici sendiza ukuthi ukugeleza komoya okugoba kudlula indlela engaphezulu kwengxenye eqondile yengxenye. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwenziwa i-vacuum, noma i-vacuum ngaphezulu kwephiko. Ngejubane elandayo, la mandla aphakamisa umzimba ngokwengeziwe.

Umphumela ofanayo wokuphakamisela imoto wenziwe. Umfula ugeleza uzungeze ibhonethi, uphahla nesiqu, kanti umfula ugeleza uzungeze ngezansi. Enye into edala ukumelana okwengeziwe yizitho zomzimba eziseduze mpo (irediyetha grille noma ifasitela lomoya).

Ijubane lezokuthutha lithinta ngqo umphumela wokuphakamisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka komzimba ngamaphaneli amile kubangela ukuxokozela okwengeziwe, okunciphisa ukudonsa kwemoto. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abanikazi bezimoto eziningi zakudala ezinama-angular shape, lapho beshuna, kufanele banamathisele i-spoiler nezinye izinto emzimbeni ezivumela ukukhuphula amandla emoto.

Kungani kudingekile

Ukusakaza kuvumela umoya ukuba ugeleze ngokushesha emzimbeni ngaphandle kwama-vortexes angadingekile. Lapho umshini uvinjelwa ukumelana nomoya okwandayo, injini izodla uphethiloli omningi, kube sengathi umshini uthwele umthwalo owengeziwe. Lokhu kuzothinta hhayi kuphela umnotho wemoto, kodwa nokuthi kungakanani izinto eziyingozi ezizokhishwa ngepayipi lokukhipha imvelo.

Ukwakha izimoto ezine-aerodynamics ethuthukisiwe, onjiniyela abavela kubakhiqizi bezimoto abahamba phambili babale izinkomba ezilandelayo:

• Ungakanani umoya okufanele ungene egumbini lenjini ukuze injini ithole ukupholisa okufanele kwemvelo;
• Kukuziphi izingxenye zomzimba umoya omusha ozothathwa ungaphakathi kwemoto, nokuthi uzokhishelwa kuphi;
• Yini engenziwa ukwenza umoya ungabi nomsindo omncane emotweni;
• Amandla okuphakamisa kufanele asatshalaliswe ku-axle ngayinye ngokuya ngezimpawu zomzimba womzimba wemoto.

Zonke lezi zinto ziyacatshangelwa lapho kwenziwa amamodeli emishini emisha. Futhi uma phambilini izakhi zomzimba bezingashintsha kakhulu, namuhla ososayensi sebesungule amafomu amahle kakhulu ahlinzeka nge-coefficient encishisiwe ye-frontal lift. Ngalesi sizathu, amamodeli amaningi esizukulwane sakamuva angahluka ngaphandle kuphela ngokushintshwa okuncane kokuma kwe-diffusers noma iphiko uma kuqhathaniswa nesizukulwane esedlule.

Ngaphezu kokuqina komgwaqo, ama-aerodynamics angaba nomthelela ekungcolisweni okuncane kwezitho ezithile zomzimba. Ngakho-ke, lapho kushayisana nomoya ongaphambili, amalambu abekwe mpo, u-bumper kanye nesivikelo somoya kuzoba ngcolile ngokushesha kusuka ezinambuzaneni ezincane eziphukile.

Ukunciphisa umphumela omubi wokuphakamisa, abenzi bezimoto bahlose ukunciphisa imvume kuze kufike enanini eliphakeme elivumelekile. Kodwa-ke, umphumela ongaphambili akuwona ukuphela kwamandla amabi athinta ukuzinza komshini. Onjiniyela bahlala "bebhalansi" phakathi kokuhlehliswa kwangaphambili nangaphambili. Akunakwenzeka ukufeza ipharamitha efanelekile endaweni ngayinye, ngakho-ke, lapho kukhiqizwa uhlobo lomzimba olusha, ochwepheshe bahlala benza ukuyekethisa okuthile.

Amaqiniso ayisisekelo we-aerodynamic

Kuvelaphi lokhu kumelana? Konke kulula kakhulu. Emhlabeni wethu kunomkhathi oqukethe amakhemikhali wegesi. Ngokwesilinganiso, ubukhulu bezingqimba eziqinile zomkhathi (isikhala kusuka emhlabathini kuya ekubukeni kwenyoni) cishe kungu-1,2 kg / imitha eyisikwele. Lapho into ihamba, ishayisana nama-molecule egesi akha umoya. Lapho ijubane liphakama, amandla lawa ma element azoshaya into. Ngalesi sizathu, lapho ingena emkhathini womkhathi, umkhumbi-mkhathi uqala ukushisa ngamandla ngamandla okushayisana.

Umsebenzi wokuqala onjiniyela abazama ukubhekana nawo indlela yokunciphisa ukudonsa. Le pharamitha inyuka ngamahlandla ama-4 uma imoto ihamba ngebanga kusuka ku-60 km / h iye ku-120 km / h. Ukuqonda ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani lokhu, cabanga ngesibonelo esincane.

Isisindo sokuhamba siyizinkulungwane ezimbili zama-kg. Ezokuthutha zishesha ziye ku-2 km / h. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa kuphela ama-watts angu-36 wamandla ukunqoba la mandla. Konke okunye kusetshenziselwa ukwedlula ngokweqile. Kepha sekuvele ngejubane le-600 km / h. I-108 kW yamandla isivele isetshenziselwa ukunqoba ukumelana okungaphambili. Lapho ushayela ngejubane lama-16 km / h. imoto isivele isebenzisa amandla afinyelela ku-250 emandleni okuhudula. Uma umshayeli efuna ukusheshisa imoto ngisho nangaphezulu, kuze kufike kumakhilomitha angama-180 / ihora, ngaphezu kwamandla okwengeza ijubane, imoto izodinga ukusebenzisa amahhashi angama-300 ukubhekana nokugeleza komoya kwangaphambili. Yingakho imoto yezemidlalo idinga amandla amakhulu kangaka.

Ukuthuthukisa okulula kakhulu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ukuthuthwa okunethezekile, onjiniyela babale i-coefficient Cx. Le pharamitha encazelweni yemodeli ibaluleke kakhulu maqondana nokuma komzimba okuhle. Iconsi lamanzi linosayizi omuhle kule ndawo. Unale coefficient ka-0,04. Akekho umenzi wezimoto ongavuma ukwakheka okunjalo koqobo kwemodeli yayo entsha yemoto, yize kwakukhona izinketho phambilini kulo mklamo.

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokunciphisa ukumelana nomoya:

1. Shintsha ukwakheka komzimba ukuze ukugeleza komoya kujikeleze imoto ngangokunokwenzeka;
2. Yenza imoto ibe ncane.

Lapho umshini uhamba, amandla amile asebenza kuwo. Kungaba nomphumela wokucindezela phansi, okunomphumela omuhle ekudonselweni phansi. Uma ingcindezi emotweni ingakhuliswa, i-vortex evelayo izoqinisekisa ukwehlukaniswa kwemoto phansi (umkhiqizi ngamunye uzama ukuqeda lo mphumela ngangokunokwenzeka).

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenkathi imoto ihamba, amandla esithathu enza ngayo - amandla asemaceleni. Le ndawo ayilawuleki kangako njengoba ithintwa izinto eziningi eziguquguqukayo, ezinjenge-crosswind lapho ushayela uqonde phambili noma ekhoneni. Amandla alesi sici awakwazi ukubikezelwa, ngakho-ke onjiniyela abayifaki engozini futhi bakha amacala anobubanzi obuvumela ukuyekethisa okuthile kusilinganiso seCx.

Ukunquma ukuthi imingcele yamandla aqonde mpo, angaphambili nalawa angacatshangelwa kangakanani, abakhiqizi bezimoto abahola phambili basungula amalabhorethri akhethekile enza izivivinyo ze-aerodynamic. Ngokuya ngamathuba ento ebonakalayo, lelebhu ingafaka umhubhe womoya, lapho kuhlolwa khona ukusebenza kahle kokuthuthwa kokuhamba ngaphansi kokugeleza komoya okukhulu.

Ngokufanelekile, abakhiqizi bezinhlobo ezintsha zezimoto balwela ukuletha imikhiqizo yabo ku-coefficient of 0,18 (namuhla lokhu kuhle), noma ukukudlula. Kepha akekho ophumelele okwesibili, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuqeda amanye amandla asebenza emshinini.

Ukuqinisa nokuphakamisa amandla

Nayi enye i-nuance ethinta ukuphathwa kwezokuthutha. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhudula akukwazi ukuncishiswa. Isibonelo salokhu izimoto ze-F1. Yize umzimba wabo uhleleke kahle, amasondo avulekile. Le ndawo iletha izinkinga eziningi kubakhiqizi. Ngokuthuthwa okunjalo, i-Cx ibanga kusuka ku-1,0 kuye ku-0,75.

Uma i-vortex yangemuva ingenakususwa kuleli cala, khona-ke ukugeleza kungasetshenziselwa ukwandisa ukudonsa ngomkhondo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izingxenye ezifakiwe emzimbeni ezakha amandla aphansi. Isibonelo, i-front bumper ifakwe i-spoiler evimbela ukuthi iphakame phansi, ebaluleke kakhulu emotweni yezemidlalo. Iphiko elifanayo linanyathiselwe ngemuva emotweni.

Iphiko langaphambili liqondisa ukugeleza hhayi ngaphansi kwemoto, kepha engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu, ikhala lemoto lihlale liqondiswe emgwaqeni. Ifomu le-vacuum elivela ngezansi, futhi imoto ibonakala inamathela kuthrekhi. I-spoiler yangemuva ivimbela ukwakheka kwe-vortex ngemuva kwemoto - ingxenye iphula ukugeleza ngaphambi kokuba iqale ukumunelwa endaweni engenalutho ngemuva kwemoto.

Izakhi ezincane zithinta nokuncipha kokuhudula. Isibonelo, emaphethelweni we-hood cishe kwazo zonke izimoto zesimanje amboza ama-wiper blade. Njengoba ingaphambili lemoto lihlangana kakhulu nomgwaqo ozayo, kunakwa ngisho nezinto ezincane ezinjenge-air intake deflectors.

Lapho ufaka imidlalo yezemidlalo kits, kufanele ucabangele ukuthi amandla angeziwe enza imoto izethembe ngokwengeziwe emgwaqeni, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukugeleza kokuqondisa kukhuphula ukuhudula. Ngenxa yalokhu, isivinini esiphakeme sokuhamba okunjalo sizoba sincane kunangezici ze-aerodynamic. Omunye umphumela omubi ukuthi imoto iba namandla kakhulu. Kuliqiniso, umthelela wekithi lomzimba wezemidlalo uzozwakala ngejubane lamakhilomitha ayi-120 ngehora, ngakho-ke ezimweni eziningi emigwaqweni yomphakathi imininingwane enjalo.

Izinhlobo ezihudula kabi:

Sh 0,7 - ICaterham 7

I-Cx 0,6 - UAZ (469, Hunter)

I-Cx 0,58 - Jeep Wrangler (TJ)

I-Cx 0,57 - Hummer (H2)

I-Cx 0,56 - VAZ "classic" (01, 03, 05, 06, 07)

Isisindo 0,54 - iMercedes-Benz (G-class)

I-Cx 0,53 - VAZ 2121

Amamodeli anokuhudula okuhle kwe-aerodynamic:

Sh 0,18 - VW XL1

I-Cx 0,19 - GM EV1

I-Cx 0,21 - Tesla (Model3)

I-Cx 0,23 - I-Audi A4

I-Cx 0,23 - iMercedes-Benz CLA

I-Cx 0,23 - iMercedes-Benz (S 300h)

I-Cx 0,24 - I-Tesla Model S

I-Cx 0,24 - Tesla (Model X)

I-Cx 0,24 - iHyundai Sonata

I-Cx 0,24 - iToyota Prius

I-Cx 0,24 - isigaba seMercedes-Benz C

I-Cx 0,25 - I-Audi A2

I-Cx 0,25 - Alfa Romeo (Giulia)

I-Cx 0,25 - Peugeot 508

Ibhokisi 0,25 - IHonda Insight

I-Cx 0,26 - BMW (3-series ngemuva kwe-E90)

I-Cx 0,26 - BMW i8

I-Cx 0,26 - iMercedes-Benz (B)

I-Cx 0,26 - iMercedes-Benz (E-Class)

Ibhokisi 0,26 - Jaguar XE

I-Cx 0,26 - INissan GT-R

I-Cx 0,26 - Infiniti Q50

Ngokwengeziwe, bukela ividiyo emfushane mayelana ne-aerodynamics yemoto:

I-car aerodynamics, iyini? Ungayithuthukisa kanjani i-aerodynamics? UNGAYENZI kanjani indiza ngemoto?