Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza kokumiswa komoya

Incazelo yamamodeli we-premium car yezizukulwane zakamuva, umqondo wokumiswa okuguqukayo uvame ukutholakala. Ngokuya ngokuguqulwa, lolu hlelo lungalungisa ukuqina kwe-absorber absorber (imoto yezemidlalo inokubukeka okunzima, i-SUV ithambile) noma imvume yomhlaba. Elinye igama lohlelo olunjalo ukumiswa komoya.

Labo abashayela emigwaqweni esezingeni elifanele banaka ubukhona balokhu kuguqulwa: kusuka emigwaqeni ebushelelezi kuye ohambweni lomgwaqo. Abathandi bokulungiswa kwemoto bafaka ngokukhethekile izakhi ezinjalo zomoya ezivumela imoto ukuthi ibhule. Le ndlela ekuhleleni okuzenzakalelayo ibizwa ngokuthi ukugibela okuphansi. Nakhu ukubuyekeza okuhlukile.

Ngokuyinhloko, uhlobo lwe-pneumatic lokumiswa lufakiwe ezimotweni ezithwala impahla, kepha izimoto zebhizinisi noma ze-premium abagibeli bavame ukuthola uhlelo olufanayo. Cabanga ngedivayisi yalolu hlobo lokumiswa komshini, ukuthi izosebenza kanjani, ukuthi uhlelo lwe-pneumatic lulawulwa kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo nezinkinga zalo.

Kuyini ukumiswa komoya

Ukumiswa komoya uhlelo lapho kufakwa khona izinto zomoya esikhundleni sezinciphisi ezishaqekayo. Noma yiliphi iloli elinamasondo ayi-18 noma ibhasi lesimanjemanje linemishini efanayo. Mayelana nokwakhiwa kabusha kwezimoto ezijwayelekile, ukumiswa okujwayelekile kohlobo lwentwasahlobo kuvame ukwenziwa ngcono. Umucu wefektri (MacPherson strut ngaphambili, nesiphethu noma intwasahlobo ngemuva) ushintshela emiphakathini yomoya, efakwe ngendlela efanayo neyokwakhiwa kwefektri, kepha kulokhu kusetshenziswa izibopho ezikhethekile.

Ungathenga ingxenye efanayo ezitolo ezinkulu ezikhethekile ngokushuna kwezimoto. Ngokulungiswa kokumiswa kwentwasahlobo noma kwe-torsion, kukhona nezinsimbi ezihlukile zokufaka.

Uma sikhuluma ngokumiswa kwemoto, khona-ke iklanyelwe ukumunca ukushaqeka nokushaqeka okuvela emasondweni kuye emzimbeni osekelayo noma kuhlaka lwemoto. Inqola enjalo ayihlinzeki nje kuphela ngokunethezeka okuphezulu ngenkathi ushayela emigwaqweni engalingani. Okokuqala, lolu hlelo lwenzelwe ukuthi imoto ingawi ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa yokusebenza.

Ekumisweni okujwayelekile, imvume yemoto (incazelo yaleli gama yile lapha) kuhlala kungashintshiwe. Uma imoto isebenza ezimweni ezahlukahlukene, kungakuhle ukuthi kube nokumiswa okungashintsha indawo evulekile kuye ngesimo somgwaqo.

Isibonelo, uma ushayela ngejubane elikhulu kuthelawayeka, kubalulekile ukuthi imoto isondele eduze ne-asphalt ukuze i-aerodynamics isebenze ngokuncipha kwemoto. Lokhu kwandisa ukuzinza kwemoto uma ubheke ekhoneni. Imininingwane mayelana ne-aerodynamics yezimoto ichaziwe lapha... Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukunqoba izimo ezingekho mgwaqo, kubalulekile ukuthi indawo yomzimba ehlobene nomhlabathi iphakeme ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ingaphansi lemoto lingalimali ngesikhathi sokuhamba.

Ukumiswa kokuqala kwe-pneumatic kumamodeli wokukhiqiza kwakhiwa yiCitroen (19 DC1955). IGeneral Motors ngomunye umkhiqizi ozamile ukwethula ama-pneumatics embonini yezimoto.

Imoto yokukhiqiza yalolu hlobo, eyayinokumiswa okusebenzayo komoya, yayiyiCadillac Eldorado Brige yango-1957. Ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme zomshini uqobo kanye nobunzima bokulungiswa, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwaba yiqhwa ngokungapheli. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe besimanje, lolu hlelo seluthuthukisiwe futhi lwangeniswa embonini yezimoto.

Izici zokumiswa komoya wemoto

Ngokwayo, ukumiswa komoya, okungenani ubuchwepheshe, bukhona kuphela kumbono. Eqinisweni, ukumiswa komoya kusho uhlelo lonke oluhlanganisa inqwaba yamanodi nezindlela. I-Pneumatics ekumisweni okunjalo isetshenziswa kuphela endaweni eyodwa - esikhundleni semithombo ejwayelekile, imigoqo ye-torsion noma iziphethu.

Naphezu kwalokhu, ukumiswa komoya kunezinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu komklamo we-classical. Okubalulekile phakathi kwalokhu yikhono lokushintsha ubude bemoto yokugibela noma ukuqina kokumiswa.

Ukumiswa komoya akukwazi ukusetshenziswa ngendlela ehlanzekile (imithombo yomoya kuphela) ngaphandle kwezinqubo noma izakhiwo ezengeziwe. Isibonelo, kuphumelela kakhulu uma usebenzisa izakhi ezifanayo ezisetshenziswa ku-MacPherson strut, ekumisweni kwezixhumanisi eziningi, njalonjalo.

Njengoba ukumiswa komoya kusebenzisa inani elikhulu lezinto ezengeziwe ezengeziwe, izindleko zayo ziphezulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ayifakiwe umenzi ezimotweni zebhajethi.

Uhlelo olunjalo lusetshenziswe kakhulu ekuthuthweni kwempahla. Ngenxa yokuthi amaloli namabhasi athwala imithwalo esindayo, ukumiswa komoya ezimotweni ezinjalo kusebenzisa uhla olugcwele lwezakhiwo. Ezimotweni zabagibeli, ukulungiswa kahle kokumiswa akunakwenzeka kuphela ngabakhenikha, ngakho-ke uhlelo luvame ukulawulwa nge-elekthronikhi ngokuhambisana nama-absorbers ashintshwayo. Uhlelo olunjalo luyaziwa abashayeli abaningi ngaphansi kwegama elithi "adaptive suspension".

Uhambo lomlando

I-pneumatic cushion yayinelungelo lobunikazi nguWilliam Humphreys ngo-1901. Nakuba le divayisi inezinzuzo eziningi, ayizange ibonwe ngokushesha, bese kuba yibutho lezempi kuphela. Isizathu siwukuthi ukufakwa kwesikhwama somoya elolini kwanikeza izinzuzo ezengeziwe, isibonelo, imoto enjalo ingalayishwa kakhulu, futhi ukuvunyelwa komhlaba okwandisiwe kwandisa amandla omgwaqo wezimoto.

Ezimotweni zomphakathi, ukumiswa komoya kwaqalwa kuphela kuma-30s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Le sistimu ifakwe kumodeli ye-Stout Scarab. Izinto zokuthutha bezifakwe imibhobho yomoya emine yase-Fairstone. Kulolo hlelo, i-compressor yayinikwa amandla idrayivu yebhande exhunywe kuyunithi yamandla. Imoto yasebenzisa isimiso seziyingi ezine, okusabhekwa njengesixazululo esiphumelele kakhulu.

Ezinye izinkampani zizamile ukulungisa uhlelo lokumisa umoya. Kuningi osekwenziwe yi-Air Lift. Ihlotshaniswa nokwethulwa kokumiswa komoya emhlabeni we-motorsport. Lolu hlelo lwalusetshenziswa ezimotweni zama-bootlegger aseMelika (abathwali abangekho emthethweni bokukhanya kwenyanga ngesikhathi sokuvinjelwa). Ekuqaleni, ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kwezimoto zabo kwasetshenziselwa ukubalekela amaphoyisa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abashayeli baqala ukuhlela imijaho phakathi kwabo. Wazalwa kanjalo umjaho namuhla obizwa ngokuthi i-NASCAR (umncintiswano wezimoto ezimpontshwayo).

Isici salokhu kumiswa ukuthi imicamelo ifakwe ngaphakathi kwezipringi. Yasetshenziswa kwaze kwaba ngawo-1960. Amasistimu okuqala okuphuma ngaphandle ayengacatshangwa kahle, okwenza ukuthi iphrojekthi enjalo yehluleke. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimoto zazifakwe ukumiswa okunjalo kakade embonini.

Njengoba ukumiswa komoya kwakuthandwa kakhulu ezimotweni zezemidlalo, abakhiqizi bezimoto ezinkulu banaka lobu buchwepheshe. Ngakho, ngo-1957, kwavela i-Cadillac Eldorado Brougham. Imoto ithole i-full-fledged air-circuit air suspension enamandla okulungisa ingcindezi emcamelweni ngamunye. Ngaso leso sikhathi, lolu hlelo lwaqala ukusetshenziswa ngabakwaBuick kanye neNxusa.

Phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezimoto baseYurophu, iCitroen ihole ngokufanele ekusebenziseni ukumiswa komoya. Isizathu siwukuthi onjiniyela bomkhiqizo bethula intuthuko entsha eyenza amamodeli ezimoto analolu hlelo adume (amanye awo asaziswa ngabaqoqi).

Ngaleyo minyaka, kwakwamukelwa ukuthi imoto ayikwazanga ukukhululeka futhi ifakwe ukumiswa komoya okuthuthukisiwe. AbakwaCitroen baphule le nkolelo-mbono ngokukhishwa kwe-DS 19 ewuphawu.

Imoto isebenzise i-innovative hydropneumatic suspension. Induduzo engakaze ibonwe yanikezwa ngokunciphisa ukucindezela emakamelweni egesi amasilinda. Ukuze imoto ilawulwe ngangokunokwenzeka ngesivinini esikhulu, kwakwanele ukwandisa ukucindezela kumasilinda, okwenza ukumiswa kuqine. Futhi nakuba i-nitrogen yasetshenziswa kuleso simiso, futhi izinga lokunethezeka labelwa engxenyeni ye-hydraulic yesistimu, isahlukaniswa njengesistimu ye-pneumatic.

Ngaphandle komkhiqizi waseFrance, inkampani yaseJalimane iBorgward yayibambe iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni nasekusetshenzisweni kokumiswa komoya. I-Mercedes-Benz ilandele okufanayo. Kuze kube manje, akunakwenzeka ukudala imoto yesabelomali ngokumiswa komoya, ngoba uhlelo ngokwalo lubiza kakhulu ukukhiqiza, ukulungisa nokugcina. Njengasezinsukwini zokuqala zalobu buchwepheshe, namuhla ukumiswa komoya kufakwe ezimotweni ze-premium kuphela.

Ukumiswa Komoya Kanjani

Umsebenzi wokumiswa komoya uphelela ekufinyeleleni imigomo emibili:

1. Kwimodi enikeziwe, imoto kufanele igcine isikhundla somzimba esihlobene nobuso bomgwaqo. Uma ukukhethwa kwezemidlalo kukhethiwe, khona-ke kuzokhishwa imvume encane, futhi ekusebenzeni ngaphandle komgwaqo, kunalokho, okuphezulu kakhulu.
2. Ngaphezu kwesimo sayo maqondana nomgwaqo, ukumiswa komoya kumele kukwazi ukudonsa noma yikuphi ukungalingani ebusweni bomgwaqo. Uma umshayeli ekhetha imodi yezemidlalo yokushayela, i-absorber ngayinye izothuthuka kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka (kubalulekile ukuthi umgwaqo ucwebe ngangokunokwenzeka), futhi lapho imodi ye-off-road isethiwe, izothamba ngangokunokwenzeka . Kodwa-ke, i-pneuma uqobo ayikuguquli ukuqina kwama-absorber absorber. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kukhona onobuhle okhethekile damping izakhi (ngokuningiliziwe mayelana izinhlobo ukushaqeka wezinciphisi lapha). Uhlelo lwe-pneumatic likuvumela kuphela ukuthi ukhuphule umzimba wemoto uye ekuphakameni okuphezulu okuvumelekile noma wehlise ngangokunokwenzeka.

Umkhiqizi ngamunye uzama ukweqa umncintiswano ngokwenza amasistimu athuthukisiwe. Bangabiza ukwakheka kwabo ngokuhlukile, kepha umqondo wokuthi amadivayisi asebenza kanjani uhlala unjalo. Ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwezinqubo zokuphatha, uhlelo ngalunye luzoba nezinto ezilandelayo:

1. Isifunda se-elekthronikhi. I-elekthronikhi ihlinzeka kangcono ukuhleleka okuhle kokusebenza kwama-actuator. Ezinye izimoto zithola uhlobo lwezinhlelo eziguquguqukayo. Kulokhu kuguqulwa, kufakwe izinzwa eziningi ezahlukahlukene ezirekhoda imodi yokusebenza yezimoto, ukujikeleza kwesondo, isimo somgwaqo (ngalokhu, inzwa ingasetshenziswa izinhlelo zokubona ebusuku noma ikhamera yangaphambili) nezinye izinhlelo zezimoto.
2. Izindlela zokuphatha. Zihlukile ngosayizi, ukwakheka kanye nenqubo yokusebenza, kepha zihlala zinikela nge-mechanical drive, ngenxa yokuthi imoto iphakanyiswa noma yehliswa. I-pneumatics ingashayelwa umoya noma iqhutshwa ngamanzi. Ekuguqulweni komoya kufakwa i-compressor (noma i-hydrocompressor ohlelweni olugcwele uketshezi olusebenzayo), isamukeli (umoya ocindezelweyo uqoqana kuso), isomisi (isusa umswakama emoyeni ukuze ingaphakathi lenqubo lingagqoki ) kanye nesilinda somoya womoya esondweni ngalinye. Ukumiswa kwe-hydraulic kunomklamo ofanayo, ngaphandle kokuthi ukuqina nokuvunyelwa komhlaba akulawulwa ngumoya, kodwa kuketshezi olusebenzayo olufakwa kwisifunda esivaliwe, njengasesimisweni sokubhabha.
3. Uhlelo lokulawula. Kuyo yonke imoto enokumiswa okunjalo, iphaneli yokulawula ifakiwe, esebenze i-algorithm ehambelana ne-elektroniki.

Ngaphezu kwezinhlelo zefektri, kukhona ukuguqulwa okulula kokuhlelwa kwe-amateur. Lolu hlobo lulawulwa yi-remote control efakwe egumbini labagibeli. Ngosizo lomlawuli, umshayeli ushintsha imvume yomhlaba yemoto. Lapho ucingo lusebenza nge-compressor, umoya ufakwa kwi-accumulator ye-pneumatic, okwenza ingcindezi edingekayo.

Lokhu kuguqulwa kunikeza kuphela imodi yesandla yokulungisa imvume. Umshayeli angenza kusebenze kuphela i-valve ethile kagesi (noma iqembu lama-valve). Kulokhu, ukumiswa komoya kuphakanyisiwe noma kwehliselwe ekuphakameni okufunayo.

Uhlobo lwefekthri lokumiswa komoya lungaba nomgomo wokuzenzakalelayo wokusebenza. Kuzinhlelo ezinjalo, iyunithi yokulawulwa kwe-elektroniki ikhona. I-Automation isebenza isebenzisa amasiginali avela ezinzwa zamasondo, ezezimoto, ukuma komzimba nezinye izinhlelo, futhi ilungisa ukuphakama kwemoto uqobo.

Kungani Ufaka Ukumiswa Komoya

Imvamisa, kufakwa isikhwama somoya esilula emhlanganweni wokumiswa ngemuva wemoto. Lokhu kuguqulwa kungatholakala kwabaningi crossovers и Ama-SUV... Uhlobo lokumiswa oluncikile alunamphumela omncane kusuka kulesi sikhathi sesimanje, ngoba noma ngabe kunendawo ephakeme yezitenxo, ilungu lesiphambano lisazobambelela kokungahambi kahle noma izithiyo.

Ngalesi sizathu, imithombo yomoya yangemuva isetshenziswa ngokuhlangana nedizayini ezimele yokuxhumanisa okuningi, njengeLand Rover Defender entsha. Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwesizukulwane sesibili sale SUV ephelele lapha.

Lezi yizizathu ezenza ukuthi abanye abashayeli benze isimanje ingxenye yokumiswa kwemoto engaphansi.

Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo

Lapho imoto ilayishiwe (zonke izihlalo zihlala ekamelweni noma umzimba ugcwele), emotweni yakudala iziphethu zicindezelwa ngaphansi kwesisindo somthwalo owengeziwe. Uma imoto ihamba endaweni engalingani, ingabamba ezansi kwezithiyo eziphumayo. Kungaba yitshe, isigaxa, umphetho womgodi, noma ithrekhi (ngokwesibonelo, emgwaqeni ongahlanzekile ebusika).

Ukuvunyelwa phansi okuguqukayo kuzovumela umshayeli ukuba anqobe izithiyo emgwaqeni sengathi akalayishiwe. Ukulungisa ukuphakama kwemoto akwenzeki emasontweni ambalwa wokushintsha kwe-chassis, kodwa emizuzwini embalwa.

Ukumiswa komoya okuzenzakalelayo kukuvumela ukuthi ulungise ngokunembile ukuma kwemoto, ngokuya ngokuthandwa ngumnikazi wemoto. Kulokhu, asikho isidingo sokwenza ukulungiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi esakhiweni semoto.

Ukuphatha

Ngaphezu kokulungisa imvume kumodi ekhethiwe, uhlelo lunxephezela ngangokunokwenzeka i-engela encane yokuthambekela kwemoto ngejubane (kumamodeli abizayo). Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amasondo agobekile anokubamba okuphezulu ebusweni bomgwaqo, ngokususelwa kuzimpawu ezisuka kuzinzwa zesimo somzimba, iyunithi yokulawula inganikeza umyalo kuma-valve we-solenoid wesondo ngalinye.

Lapho ungena ekuphendukeni kwesekethe eyodwa, ingcindezi iyanda, ngenxa yokuthi umshini ukhuphuka kancane kwi-eksisi yereyitha engaphakathi yokujika. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ngomshayeli ukushayela imoto, okwandisa ukuphepha emgwaqeni. Lapho ukuqhutshwa sekuqediwe, kukhishwa umoya kusuka kusekethe elilayishiwe, futhi i-automation izinzisa isikhundla somzimba wemoto.

Ezimotweni ezivamile, lo msebenzi wenziwa nge-lateral stabilizer. Kumamodeli wesabelomali, le ngxenye ifakiwe ku-axle drive, kepha engxenyeni ebiza kakhulu, kusetshenziswe izinto zokuqinisa ezimbili ezinqamulelayo nezide.

Intwasahlobo yomoya inempahla eyodwa ewusizo. Ukuqina kwayo ukuqina ngqo kuya ngesilinganiso sokuminyaniswa. Kuzinhlelo ezibizayo, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa iziphethu zomoya, ezivimbela imoto ukuthi ingazanyazanyiswa ngenkathi ishayela phezu kwamaqhubu. Kulokhu, i-elementi eyimishini ilawulwa kukho kokubili ukucinana nokungezwani.

Njengoba ukumiswa okuguqukayo kungakwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimela, inophiko lwayo lokulawula ngogesi. Ukuguqulwa kwemoto yakho kulokhu kuhlotshaniswa nezindleko ezinkulu zezinto ezibonakalayo.

Futhi, akuwona wonke umakhenikha ongaqonda ukusebenza kohlelo, ngoba ngaphezu kwezinto zomshini, iqukethe inani elikhulu lamadivayisi we-elektroniki. Kumele zixhunywe kahle kuphiko lokulawula ukuze idivayisi irekhode kahle amasiginali avela kuzo zonke izinzwa.

Ukusebenza okuhle

Ukukhetha imoto entsha, umshayeli ngamunye uhlola ukuphathwa kanye nenani lemvume yokuthenga ephakanyisiwe. Ukuba khona kokumiswa komoya kuvumela umnikazi wemoto enjalo, ngaphandle kokungenelela okungeziwe ekwakhiweni kwemoto, ukushintsha lezi zimingcele kuye ngezimo zokusebenza.

Lapho ulungisa i-chassis, umshayeli angagxila ekuphatheni, noma angenza imoto ikhululeke ngangokunokwenzeka. Kungenzeka futhi ukufeza indawo ephakathi nendawo phakathi kwale mingcele.

Uma imoto yakho ifakwe i-powertrain enamandla, kodwa amandla ayo aphelele angeke esetshenziswe emigwaqeni yomphakathi, ungalungisa ukumiswa ukuze ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile imoto ithambe futhi ikhululeke ngangokunokwenzeka. Kepha ngokushesha nje lapho umshayeli efika erenki, ungenza kusebenze imodi yezemidlalo ngokushintsha amasethingi okumiswa.

Ukubukeka kwemoto

Yize abakhiqizi benikela ngamamodeli amasha emoto anendawo esevele isezingeni eliphansi, izimoto ezinjalo azisebenzi ezifundeni eziningi. Ngalesi sizathu, amamodeli aphansi kakhulu athatha i-niche encane kuphela emakethe yezimoto yomhlaba. Ngokuqondene nokushuna, lapho-ke kusiqondiso stens autoukuphakama komshini kubaluleke kakhulu.

Esikhathini esiningi, izimoto ezizithobayo zitholwa ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwe-chassis, ngenxa yalokho ezokuthutha zilahlekelwa ukusebenza kwayo. Namuhla kunabantu abambalwa abazimisele ukutshala imali eningi emotweni ehlukile, ezokwakhiwa kuphela ukufaka umbukiso embukisweni wezimoto, kanti sonke isikhathi baqoqa nje uthuli egalaji.

Ukumiswa komoya kukuvumela ukuthi ubukele phansi ezokuthutha ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa ukwenyuse uma kunesidingo. Imvamisa, ekungeneni egalaji likaphethiloli noma okweqile, izimoto eziphansi zihlushwa iqiniso lokuthi azikwazi ukunqoba umthamo omncane womgwaqo. Idizayini eguquguqukayo ivumela umshayeli ukuthi enze imoto ihluke ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ukusebenza kwayo.

Ukulayisha imoto

Okunye okuwusizo ngokumiswa komoya ukuthi kwenza ukulayisha / ukukhipha umshini kube lula. Abanye abanikazi bamaSUV anemvume yokuguquguquka komhlaba bayakwazisa lokhu.

Ukunqoba izimo ezingekho emgwaqeni, izimoto eziningi ezinkulu zithola amasondo amakhulu, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu kumshayeli onesiqu esifushane ukufaka umthwalo esiqwini. Kulokhu, umshini ungehliswa kancane. Ngokufanayo, ungasebenzisa lolu hlelo kwiloli yokudonsa. Ngesikhathi sokulayisha, ubude bomzimba bungaba buncane, futhi ngesikhathi sokuhamba, umnikazi wetroli yokudonsa uyiphakamisela emotweni ekuphakameni kokuhamba kahle.

Indlela yokufaka ukumiswa kwe-air ngezandla zakho?

Lapho kuthengwa yonke ikhithi yokumisa umoya, umenzi unikeza imiyalelo yokufaka enemininingwane kanye nazo zonke izingxenye. Okunye okufakiwe kumakhithi amaningi ikhithi yokulungisa.

Lesi yisici esibaluleke kakhulu lapho ukufakwa okunekhono kwesistimu kuncike khona. Ngeshwa, lapho kufakwa izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene, ngisho eziyinkimbinkimbi njengokumiswa komoya, abashayeli abaningi bezimoto baphendukela emiyalweni lapho okuthile sekuphukile noma uhlelo lungasebenzi kahle.

Ukuze uvimbele ukufakwa okungafundile, okungase kubangele ukuthi izingxenye ezithile zehluleke, ezinye izinkampani zixwayisa ngokuthi uma imiyalelo yokufaka ingalandelwa, uhlelo luzovalwa. Futhi kukhona abasebenzisa amasu angokwengqondo. Isibonelo, inkampani iyodwa iphrinta ilebula yesixwayiso ethi “Ungavuli!” emaphaketheni ezingxenye zesistimu. Njengoba kucatshangelwe abadayisi, lesi sixwayiso sikhuthaza abathengi ukuthi baqale bavule imiyalelo, uma nje baqonde ukuthi kungani iphakheji akufanele ivulwe. Futhi inkampani ye-Ride Tech iphrinta lo mbhalo emiyalweni ngokwayo, ibala ukuthi "isithelo esinqatshelwe sihlale simnandi" futhi umthengi uzovula iphakheji ngokuvinjelwa kuqala.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlelo luyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani, ungazifaka ngokwakho, ngoba ngisho nasesikhungweni sesevisi esihle kakhulu noma studio, abantu benza lo msebenzi. Ngakho, kungenzeka kumshayeli. Into esemqoka ukulandela ngokucophelela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifaki sidinga ukuqonda ukuthi isistimu kufanele isebenze kanjani.

Ngokuya ngohlobo nobunkimbinkimbi bohlelo, kungathatha amahora ayi-12-15 ukufaka (ezingxenyeni zokumiswa ngamacushion) + amahora ayi-10 ukufaka i-compressor nezingxenye zayo + amahora angama-5-6 wohlelo lokulinganisa, uma lukhona kulokhu. uhlelo. Kodwa kuncike kumakhono omshayeli ekusebenzeni ngamathuluzi nolwazi lwengxenye yobuchwepheshe yemoto. Uma ufaka ukumiswa komoya ngokwakho, lokhu kuzosindisa imali ngokuphawulekayo (izindleko zokufaka cishe cishe ingxenye yesine yentengo yekhithi).

Ukuze uhlelo lusebenze kahle, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuvala angeke kunganakwa. Izintambo zomoya zivame ukuvuza uma ungasebenzisi itheyiphu yokuvala ekuxhumekeni. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlukanisa umugqa emiphumeleni yokulimala kwemishini kanye nokuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Isigaba sokugcina wukucushwa ngendlela efanele kwesistimu.

Idizayini yomoya

Inkampani yaseNyakatho Melika iFirestone ibandakanyeka ekukhiqizeni izifutho zomoya ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Imikhiqizo yayo ivame ukusetshenziswa ngabakhiqizi bamaloli. Uma ngemikhawulo sihlukanisa le mikhiqizo, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zazo:

• Okubili. Lokhu kuguqulwa kulungiswa ezindaweni ezingezinhle zomgwaqo. Ngaphandle, kubukeka njenge-cheeseburger. Lesi sikhwama sinohlangothi olufushane. Ingasetshenziswa ngaphambili kokumiswa. Kule ngxenye, i-absorber yokushaqeka itholakala eduze nendawo yomthwalo omkhulu.
• Okuyindilinga. Lezi zinguquko azifakiwe njengezifinyezi zangaphambili, yize zinokuhamba okude. Umsebenzi wabo unesimiso somugqa, futhi bamelana nemithwalo engaphansi kwaleyo eyedlule.
• Roller. Lezi zinsimbi zomoya nazo zincane kunamakhushini aphindwe kabili (anebhalbhu elincanyana, nelide). Ukusebenza kwabo kucishe kufane nokuguqulwa kwangaphambilini, ngakho-ke, izixhumi ezifanayo zokushaqeka komoya nazo zifakiwe ngemuva kwe-bogie yemoto.

Nawu umdwebo womdwebo wokuxhumeka komoya ovame kakhulu:

A) icompressor; B) igeji yokucindezela; C) i-desiccant; D) umamukeli; E) isikhwama somoya; F) i-valve yokufaka; G) i-valve yokuphuma; H) isipele valve.

Cabanga ngendlela intwasahlobo yomoya ehlelwa ngayo.

Ama-compressors

Ukuze intwasahlobo yomoya ikwazi ukushintsha ukuphakama kwayo, kufanele ixhunywe kumthombo womoya wangaphandle. Akunakwenzeka ukudala ingcindezi eyodwa ohlelweni kanye, futhi umshini uzoguqulelwa kwizimo ezihlukile zokusebenza (inani labagibeli, isisindo somthwalo, isimo somgwaqo, njll.).

Ngalesi sizathu, kufanele kufakwe ama-compressors womoya emotweni uqobo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ushintshe izici zemoto khona kanye emgwaqeni, nakwezinye izinhlobo noma ngabe ushayela.

Uhlelo lwe-pneumatic luzohlanganisa okungenani i-compressor eyodwa, isamukeli (isitsha lapho umoya uqoqana khona) kanye nohlelo lokulawula (sizocubungula ukuguqulwa kwabo ngemuva kwesikhashana). Ukuguqulwa okusemandleni futhi kwezomnotho ukuxhuma i-compressor eyodwa kanye ne-7.5-litre receiver. Kodwa-ke, ukufakwa okunjalo kuzophakamisa imoto imizuzu embalwa.

Uma kunesidingo sokumiswa kokuphakamisa imoto ngemizuzwana embalwa nje, kudingeka okungenani ama-compressors amabili anomthamo wamakhilomitha ayi-330 kg / isikwele futhi okungenani kudingeka abamukeli ababili abanomthamo wamalitha ayi-19. Kuzodinga futhi ukufakwa kwamaphayiphu womoya wezimboni nolayini womoya ngamasentimitha angama-31-44.

Ubuhle besistimu enjalo ukuthi imoto iphakama ngokushesha ngemuva kokucindezela inkinobho. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nokubuyela emuva okubalulekile. Lo mklamo awukuvumeli ukushuna okuhle - imoto iphakama kakhulu noma ayanele.

Imigqa yomoya

Ingxenye ebalulekile yazo zonke izinhlelo zokumiswa komoya ulayini womoya wepulasitiki owenzelwe amaloli. Lona umugqa wokucindezela okuphezulu okwenza sikwazi ukuxhuma zonke izingxenye zohlelo. Lezi zinguquko ziyakwazi ukumelana nezingcindezi ezisukela ku-75-150 psi (psi).

Uma uhlelo lwe-pneumatic olusebenza kahle lufakwa ngokuzethemba okukhulu, esikhundleni selayini lepulasitiki, ungasebenzisa i-analogue yensimbi (isetshenziswa kuma-brake system). Amantongomane avamile nama-adapters angasetshenziswa ukuxhuma zonke izingxenye. Izingxenye zohlelo ngokwazo zixhunywe kulayini omkhulu kusetshenziswa amapayipi wokucindezela okuphezulu okuguquguqukayo.

Ukumiswa ngaphambili

Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwe-pneumatic systems kutholakale izindlela okwakungakhishwa ngazo kancane ukushaqeka kwangaphambi kokushaqeka. Isizathu ukuthi isiphethu somoya asinayo indawo yokuncinza ukushaqeka, njengaseMacPherson strut (itholakala ngaphakathi entwasahlobo).

Ikhithi yasentwasahlobo yomoya yokumiswa kwangaphambili ibandakanya kubakaki abakhethekile abangasetshenziswa ukucisha ukushaqeka ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ukusebenza. Kodwa-ke, uma kufakwa amarimu amakhulu angajwayelekile emotweni encane (ukushuna okunjalo kuyathandwa kulezi zinsuku) ngamathayi aphansi, ukusetshenziswa kokumiswa komoya kwezinye izimo ngeke kwenzeke. Ngemininingwane yokuthi ungawakhetha kanjani amathayi asezingeni eliphansi, bheka ngokwehlukana.

Intuthuko yakamuva ibandakanya ama-absorber absorbers adidiyelwe afaka esikhundleni se-strut yakudala. Lokhu kuguqulwa kubiza kakhulu, kepha izindlela ezinjalo zilula kakhulu ukufaka.

Ngaphambi kokunquma ngalokhu kuguqulwa, kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi kwezinye i-chassis ayisebenzi kangako uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo lapho i-air spring ne-shock absorber zihlukile. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngesibalo esincishisiwe ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwe-chassis, isondo linamathela kwi-linch yesondo ngenkathi ushayela. Kulokhu, kunesidingo sokuqina kokuqina kwesibindi.

Ngalesi sizathu, kulabo abathanda kakhulu ukunethezeka okuphezulu, hhayi ushintsho olubonakalayo kwezokuthutha kwabo, kungcono ukuhlala ohlelweni oluhlukile.

Ukumiswa okwesikhashana

Ngemuva kwe-bogie, ukufakwa kohlelo lwe-pneumatic kuncike ohlotsheni lokumiswa kwemoto. Uma kukhona ama-racks wohlobo lwe-MacPherson, futhi idizayini iyi-multi-link, lapho-ke ngeke kube nzima ukufaka amasilinda ekusekelweni kwesitoko. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuguqulwa okulungile. Kodwa lapho usebenzisa ukuguqulwa okuhlangene (i-shock absorber nesilinda kuhlanganiswe kwaba yinye module), kungadingeka ukushintsha kancane ukumiswa kwemoto.

Uma kukhona ukumiswa kwentwasahlobo kweqabunga ohlangothini lwangemuva emotweni, khona-ke i-pneumatics ingafakwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Ngaphambi kokushintsha ukumiswa, sicela uqaphele ukuthi yonke imithombo yamacembe ayinakuqedwa. Isizathu ukuthi lezi zinto, ngaphezu komphumela wasentwasahlobo, ziqinisa i-axle yangemuva. Uma ususa ngokuphelele zonke iziphethu, kuzodingeka ufake uhlelo lwe-lever, futhi lokhu kungukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekwakhiweni kwemoto, okudinga ulwazi oluningi lobunjiniyela.

Ngakho-ke, indlela yokuqala yokufaka izifutho zomoya ekumisweni kwentwasahlobo. Sishiya amashidi ambalwa ohlangothini ngalunye ukuze aqhubeke nokwenza umsebenzi wokuqinisa i-eksisi. Esikhundleni samashidi akhishiwe (phakathi komzimba neziphethu), kufakwa isikhwama somoya.

Indlela yesibili ibiza kakhulu. Imvamisa isetshenziswa yilabo banikazi bezimoto abafuna ukukhulisa "ukupompa" ukumiswa kwemoto. Zonke iziphethu ziyasuswa bese kufakwa idizayini yamapayipi e-air-point ayi-4 ohlangothini ngalunye. Ngalesi sikhathi sesimanje, abakhiqizi abaningi sebevele benze amakethi okhethekile wezivinini ezikuvumela ukuthi ufake i-pneumatics nge-welding encane.

Izinhlobo ezimbili ze-levers zinikezwa nge-retrofit enamaphoyinti ama-4:

• Unxantathu. Lezi zingxenye zisetshenziselwa izimoto zabagibeli ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.
• Iyafana. Izakhi ezinjalo zisetshenziswa emalolini. Uma imoto yomgibeli isetshenziselwa ukuhudula umjaho (kuchazwa izici zale mincintiswano lapha) noma ezinye izinhlobo zemincintiswano ezenzekelayo, kusetshenziswa uhlobo olufanayo lwe-levers.

Ama-pneumocylinders

Lezi zakhi manje zenziwe ngerabha noma i-polyurethane enamandla kakhulu. Le nto inokunwebeka okukhulu namandla, okuqinisekisa ukuqina kwesistimu. Futhi, lezi zinto zimelana nezimo zezulu ezimbi, ukucindezeleka kwemishini ngenkathi ushayela (isihlabathi, ukungcola namatshe kushaya zonke izingxenye ezingaphansi kwemoto), ukudlidliza namakhemikhali afafaza umgwaqo ebusika.

Abathengi bezinhlelo ze-pneumatic banikezwa izinhlobo ezintathu zamasilinda:

• Kukabili. Ngendlela yabo, amasilinda anjalo afana ne-hourglass. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-analogue, lolu hlobo lwamasilinda lunokuguquguquka okukhulu okuvundlile;
• I-Conical. Zinezakhiwo ezifanayo nezinye iziphethu zomoya. Ukuma kwabo kuphela kukuvumela ukuthi ufake izakhi ezinjalo endaweni elinganiselwe. Ububi balolu hlobo uhla oluncane lokulungiswa kobude bemoto yokugibela;
• Irola. Lezi zimbongolo zomoya zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ezimeni ezikhethekile. Amasilinda anjalo akhethwa lapho kufakwa umklamo othize wokumiswa kanye nesidingo sokulungisa ipharamitha ethile yobude bemoto. Lapho uthenga ikhithi, umenzi uzobonisa ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamasilinda ezinconyiwe ukuthi zisetshenziswe esimweni esithile.

Ama-valve e-Solenoid nemigqa ye-pneumatic

Ukuze ukumiswa komoya kusebenze, ngaphezu kwamasilinda, uhlelo kufanele lube nemigqa ye-pneumatic kanye nezindlela zokukhiya (ama-valve), njengoba imicamelo iphakama futhi ibambe isisindo semoto ngenxa yomoya ophonswe kuwo.

Imigqa ye-pneumatic uhlelo lwamapayipi okucindezela okukhulu abekwe ngaphansi kwemoto. Nakuba kule ngxenye yemoto umugqa udalulwa emiphumeleni enonya yama-reagents kanye nomswakama, awukwazi ukubekwa ngokusebenzisa indawo yabagibeli, ngoba uma kwenzeka kuba nokucindezeleka, ngeke kudingeke ukuhlakaza ngokuphelele yonke indawo yabagibeli. ukulungisa.

Umgwaqo onokwethenjelwa kakhulu wenziwe ngezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi, kodwa kukhona nokuguqulwa okwenziwe nge-polyurethane nerabha.

Ama-valve ayadingeka ekupompeni nasekubambeni umfutho womoya engxenyeni ethile yomugqa. Lezi yizici ezibalulekile ezilawula lonke uhlelo lwe-pneumatic. I-air suspension yokuqala ithole uhlobo lwe-double circuit. Ububi bezinhlelo ezinjalo kwakuwukunyakaza okukhululekile komoya kusuka ku-compressor kuya kumasilinda futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Lapho kungena ijika, ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kabusha kwesisindo semoto ezinhlelweni ezinjalo, umoya ovela kumasilinda alayishiwe wawucindezelwa ngaphandle kwesifunda esingalayishiwe, okwandisa kakhulu umqulu wemoto.

Amasistimu wesimanje womoya afakwe inqwaba yamavalvu agcina ukucindezela kuyunithi ethile yokumiswa. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukumiswa okunjalo kukwazi ukuncintisana nama-analogue anezici ze-spring damper. Ukuze uthole ukulawula okunembe kakhudlwana kwesistimu, ama-valve e-solenoid asetshenziswa, abangelwa amasignali avela kumojula yokulawula.

Imojula yokulawula

Lena inhliziyo yokumiswa komoya. Emakethe yezinhlelo zezimoto, ungathola amamojula alula, amelwe ukushintshwa kwe-electronic elula. Uma uthanda, ungathola inketho ebiza kakhulu efakwe i-microprocessor enesoftware efakwe kuyo.

Imodyuli enjalo yokulawula iqapha amasignali avela kuzinzwa ezihlukahlukene ohlelweni futhi ishintsha ukucindezela kumasekhethi ngokuvula / ukuvala ama-valve nokuvula / ukuvala i-compressor. Ukuze izinto zikagesi zingangqubuzani nesofthiwe yekhompuyutha esebhodini noma iyunithi yokulawula emaphakathi, izimele kwezinye izinhlelo.

Umamukeli

Umamukeli yisitsha lapho umoya umpontshelwa khona. Ngenxa yalesi sici, ukucindezela komoya kugcinwa kuwo wonke umugqa futhi, uma kunesidingo, lesi sikhwama sisetshenziswa ukuze i-compressor ingavuli kaningi.

Nakuba uhlelo lungasebenza ngokukhululekile ngokuphelele ngaphandle komamukeli, ukuba khona kwalo kuyafiseleka ukuze kuncishiswe umthwalo ku-compressor. Ngenxa yokufakwa kwayo, i-compressor izosebenza kancane, okuzokwandisa impilo yayo yokusebenza. I-supercharger izovula kuphela ngemva kokuba ingcindezi kumamukeli kwehla ibe yinani elithile.

Izinhlobo ngenani lemikhakha

Ngaphezu kokuklanywa namandla we-actuator, kunezinguqulo zesekethe ezimbili nezesine zazo zonke izinhlobo zokumiswa komoya. Ukuguqulwa kokuqala kwasetshenziswa ezindongeni ezishisayo engxenyeni yesibili yama-1990.

1) Isifunda esisodwa; 2) Ukujikeleza kabili; 3) Isekethe ezine

Ake sicabangele ezinye zezici zalezi zinhlelo.

Imijikelezo emibili

Kulokhu, izinsimbi ezimbili zomoya, ezibekwe ku-eksisi efanayo, ziyaxhunywa. Mayelana nokufakwa, uhlelo olunjalo kulula ukufaka. Kwanele ukufaka i-valve eyodwa ku-ekseli eyodwa.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lokhu ukuguqulwa has ethile ethile. Lapho imoto ingena ekuphendukeni ngejubane, umoya ovela kusilinda olayishiwe ungene emgodini walowo ongalayishiwe kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho, esikhundleni sokuzinzisa imoto, umqulu womzimba waba ngaphezulu. Ezimotweni ezilula, le nkinga ixazululwa ngokufaka isiqinisi esinqamulelayo sokuqina okukhulu.

Isekethe ezine

Ngenxa yamaphutha amakhulu wohlelo lwangaphambilini lwe-pneumatic, inguqulo yesekethe ezine ifakwe ezimotweni zesimanje. Ifomula yokuxhuma inokulawula okuzimele kwezifutho ngasinye. Ngalokhu, umcamelo ngamunye uncika ku-valve ngayinye.

Lokhu kuguqulwa kufana nohlelo lwesinxephezelo semoto yezimoto eziguqulelwe umjaho wethrekhi. Inikeza ukulungiswa okunembe kakhudlwana kokususwa komhlaba ngokuya ngesikhundla somzimba wemoto maqondana nomgwaqo.

Izinhlelo zokulawula

Ezimweni eziningi, uhlelo lwama-loop amane luzonikezwa amandla ngogesi. Le ukuphela kwenketho yokulawula ekuvumela ukuthi ushintshe isimo sokumiswa ebangeni elincane. Nokho, lolu hlelo kunzima kakhulu ukufaka (udinga ukuxhuma kahle zonke izinzwa ezidingekayo neyunithi yokulawula), futhi kubiza kakhulu.

Njengenketho yesabelomali, umnikazi wemoto angafaka uhlelo lwencwadi. Le nketho ingasetshenziswa kokubili kumasekethe amabili nakuhlelo lwesekethe ezine. Kulokhu, kufakwa i-gauge yengcindezi nenkinobho yokulawula kukhonsoli yesikhungo ukuqapha ingcindezi kulayini.

Inketho ebizayo kepha esebenza kahle kakhulu ukufaka isilawuli se-elekthronikhi. Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa ama-solenoid valves alawulwa ngogesi. Ukuguqulwa okunjalo kuzoba neyunithi yokulawula, isethi yezinzwa ezidingekayo ukunquma indawo yemoto kanye nezinga le-inflation ye-cylinder.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwakamuva kungafakelwa amasistimu wokulawula amaningana. Ake sibheke ukuthi ngayinye isebenza kanjani.

Uhlelo lokulawula ingcindezi

Ngokwethiyori, lolu hlelo lunquma indawo yesiphethu somoya (i-elekthronikhi ivumelanisa nale pharamitha ukuthola inani lemvume). Izinzwa zokucindezela ohlelweni zidlulisa amasiginali kuyunithi yokulawula, ivumela i-elektroniki ukuthi inqume ubude bokuhamba. Kodwa uhlelo olunjalo lokulawula lunenkinga enkulu.

Uma imoto ilayishwe kahle (kunenani eliphezulu labagibeli kule ndlwana, futhi kunomthwalo osindayo esiqwini), khona-ke ingcindezi esemgwaqweni omkhulu izokweqa impela. Ngokuya ngamasensa wengcindezi, ikhompyutha ekubhodi izonquma ukuthi imoto iphakanyiselwe ebangeni eliphakeme kakhulu, kepha empeleni ingaba iphansi kakhulu.

Uhlelo olunjalo lokulawula lufanelekile ezimotweni ezilula, lapho imithwalo esindayo ingavamile ukuhanjiswa khona. Ngisho nokufaka uphethiloli kuthangi eligcwele kuguqula ukulawula ukuphakama kwemoto. Ngalesi sizathu, i-automation izobeka ngokungalungile ukususwa komhlaba.

Futhi, iphutha elikhulu lolu hlobo lohlelo lokulawula olusebenzayo lincike ekuqhubeni okwenziwa imoto. Isibonelo, lapho imoto yenza ikona elide, uhlangothi olulodwa lokumiswa lulayishwa ngaphezulu. I-elekthronikhi ihumusha lolu shintsho njengokuphakamisa uhlangothi olulodwa lwemoto. Ngokwemvelo, i-algorithm yokuqinisa umzimba iyaqala.

Kulokhu, ingxenye elayishiwe yomugqa iqala ukwehla, futhi umoya omningi ufakwa engxenyeni elayishiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, umqulu wemoto uyakhuphuka, futhi uzodikibilika lapho ubheke ekhoneni. Uhlelo lwesifunda-mbini lunokubi okufanayo.

Isistimu yokulawula elawula imvume

Kusebenza ngokwengeziwe maqondana nenani elikhulu lokuguquguqukayo komthwalo kumasilinda ngawodwa aqoqa ibanga langempela ukusuka kumuntu ongaphansi komgwaqo. Akubandakanyi wonke amaphutha wesici sangaphambilini. Ngenxa yobukhona bezinzwa ezinquma ukuphendula kokumiswa kukwanda kwengcindezi kumasekethe athile, i-elekthronikhi isetha ngokunembile imvume ngokuya ngesimo somgwaqo.

Ngaphandle kwale nzuzo, uhlelo olunjalo lokulawula nalo lunokubi. Ukuphathwa kwezimoto ezanele, kubalulekile ukuthi ukuqina kokumiswa kucishe kufane. Umehluko kwingcindezi phakathi kwezifutho zomoya ezahlukahlukene akumele weqe ngamaphesenti angama-20.

Kepha lapho i-elekthronikhi izama ukuqondanisa imoto ngangokunokwenzeka, kwezinye izimo lo mehluko udlula leli pharamitha. Ngenxa yalokhu, enye ingxenye yokumiswa inzima ngangokunokwenzeka, kanti enye ithambile kakhulu. Lokhu kuthinta kabi ukuphathwa komshini.

Amasistimu ahlanganisiwe

Ukuqeda amaphutha nokushiyeka kwazo zombili izinhlelo zokulawula, izinhlelo zokulawula ezihlanganisiwe zakhiwa. Bahlanganisa izinzuzo zakho zombili ezilawula ingcindezi kumasekethe kanye naleyo enquma inani lemvume. Ngenxa yale nhlanganisela, ngaphezu kokuqapha isikhundla semoto uqobo, lezi zinhlelo ziphinde zenze umsebenzi womunye nomunye ungabi namandla.

Uhlelo olufanayo lokulawula lwakhiwa yi-Air Ride Tec. Ukuguqulwa kubizwa nge-Level Pro. Kulokhu, iyunithi yokulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi ihlelwe yaba izindlela ezintathu. Isilinganiso semoto esiphezulu, esimaphakathi nesiphansi. Ngayinye yalezi zindlela ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise imoto ezimeni ezihlukile zokusebenza, kusuka ekugibeleni ithrekhi ukuya emgwaqeni.

Isethi yezifutho zomoya namaphayiphu we-solenoid isebenza zombili kusuka kumamodi wokuzenzakalela nawokuzenzela. Lapho imoto isondela kuqhubu lwejubane, ngeke ivuke yodwa ukunqoba lesi sithiyo. Ngalokhu, i-elekthronikhi kufanele ibe nenani elikhudlwana lezinzwa eziskena umgwaqo kusengaphambili. Lezi zinhlelo zibiza kakhulu.

Amasistimu aguquliwe

Izinhlelo ezibalwe ngenhla zenzelwe izimoto ezijwayelekile zomgwaqo. Kumaloli nezimoto zezemidlalo eziqeqeshiwe, kunezinhlelo zokulawula eziguquliwe ezinikezela ngokushuna okuzenzakalelayo nokunembile kwemoto.

Ngasohlangothini olungokoqobo, kungcono ukufaka ikhithi eyenziwe ngomumo eklanyelwe ku-SUV, iloli lokuthwebula noma induku eshisayo enamandla kunokuzama ukwakha ukumiswa okuguqukayo ngokwakho. Ngaphezu kokuthi intuthuko enjalo izothatha isikhathi esiningi, kunamathuba amaningi okuthi umakhenikha angenza izibalo ngokungalungile, futhi ukumiswa ngeke kubhekane nemithwalo.

Ukukhetha ikhithi eyenziwe ngomumo, umnikazi wemoto udinga nje ukubheka uhlu olunikezwe ngumenzi: ukuthi ngabe lo mkhiqizo uyifanele yini le modeli yemoto noma cha. Kucatshangelwa ibanga eliphakathi kwamasondo namalitha we-arch arch, ubukhulu bamalunga ebhola, inani le-axle eguquguqukayo yokubamba kanye neminye imingcele, ngesisekelo lapho i-automation inquma ukuthi kungakanani umoya okufanele uphonswe kumasilinda.

Izici zokusebenza

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, isici esiyinhloko sokumiswa komoya, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siklanywe kanjani, yizindleko zayo eziphakeme. Nakuba izinhlelo zesimanje zithembekile futhi zisebenza kahle, lapho zihluleka, ukulungiswa kwazo kuphenduka ikhanda langempela kanye "nomgodi omnyama" esikhwameni.

Uma imoto ifakwe ama-airbag avulekile, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise i-lift kaningi ngesikhathi sokugeza imoto ukuze ugeze kahle ukungcola nesihlabathi ngaphansi kwama-cuffs. Kumelwe futhi kuqashelwe amapayipi entambo yomoya - qiniseka ukuthi awanyakazi. Uma ukuvuza komoya kwenzeka, kufanele kuqedwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba ukushintshwa njalo kunciphisa impilo yokusebenza ye-compressor.

Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi imvamisa yezinguquko ekususweni komhlabathi noma ukuqina kokumiswa kufanele kuncishiswe ngangokunokwenzeka. Kubashayeli abanjalo, ukumiswa komoya akudingekile, futhi ukumiswa okujwayelekile kwanele kubo. Noma iyiphi isistimu inomthombo wayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzama kangakanani ukunweba impilo yayo yesevisi. Ukuba khona kwe-air suspension kwenza imoto ikwazi ukushintshashintsha, ibe nenzuzo uma ingekho emgwaqeni futhi ikwazi ukulawuleka uma igijima kakhulu.

Izinzuzo nezinkinga zokumiswa komoya

Noma ikuphi ukwenziwa kwesimanje kwezingxenye zefektri zemoto kunasohlangothini oluhle nolubi lwemali. Okokuqala, mayelana nezinzuzo ze-pneumatics:

1. Ngenxa yokusebenza kabusha kokumiswa kwemoto, akukho ukudluliswa noma ukuthambisa kwawo wonke ama-auto unit akuhlupheki. Kwezinye izimo, i-geometry yokumiswa ngokwayo iyashintsha kancane.
2. Ukumiswa komoya kuyakwazi ukugcina ukuphakama komshini, kungakhathalekile ukuthi uthwele kangakanani. Uma umthwalo usatshalaliswa ngokungalingani emzimbeni, uhlelo luzogcina imoto ilingane ngangokunokwenzeka maqondana nomgwaqo.
3. Uma kunesidingo, umshini ungaphakanyiswa ukuze unqobe izithiyo emgwaqweni. Futhi ngoshintsho olubonakalayo endaweni eyisicaba, imoto ingabukelwa phansi ngangokunokwenzeka (ngenkathi ubude obuncane bungaholela ekugqokeni okusheshayo kwemicamelo).
4. Ngenxa yokuqina komzimba osezingeni eliphezulu lapho uvalwe khona, imoto ayishintshi, okunezela induduzo phakathi nohambo.
5. Uhlelo lwe-pneumatic luthule.
6. Lapho ufaka izifutho zomoya ndawonye nokumiswa kwemboni, izingxenye ezijwayelekile zihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, uhlelo lomsebenzi wokulungisa landa kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, ukumiswa okunjalo kukwazi ukuqhubekela phambili ku-1 million km.
7. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemoto efanayo enokumiswa okudala, imoto efakwe i-pneumatics inamandla amakhulu okuthwala.

Ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokuthuthukisa ukumiswa kwemoto yakho ngokufaka isistimu ye-pneumatic, udinga ukucabangela konke ukungalungi kwalokhu kuthuthukiswa. Futhi lokhu kushiyeka kubalulekile:

1. Ukufaka i-pneumatics emotweni yakho, udinga ukusebenzisa imali enesithunzi ekuthengeni zonke izinto ezidingekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imali kufanele yabelwe ukukhokhela umsebenzi wochwepheshe okwazi ukuxhuma kahle wonke ama-node. Uma uhlela ukuthengisa imoto ngokuzayo, emakethe yesibili, imodeli eshibhile eyenziwe ngcono ngale ndlela izobiza kakhulu kunengxenye yentengo etholakala kuyo. Ngokuyisisekelo, amasistimu anjalo ayasebenziseka ekusetshenzisweni kwezokuthutha impahla noma kumamodeli wesigaba se- "Ibhizinisi".
2. Uhlelo olunjalo lufuna kakhulu izimo zokusebenza. Usaba ukungcola, amanzi, uthuli nesihlabathi. Ukuyigcina ihlanzekile kuzodinga umzamo omkhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ubheka isimo semigwaqo yanamuhla.
3. Isikhwama somoya uqobo asilungiseki. Uma, ngenxa yokusebenza okungafanele (ngokwesibonelo, ukushayela njalo unendawo encane yokuvulwa), kuyonakala, kuzodingeka ukuthi kufakwe okusha.
4. Ukusebenza kwemithombo yomoya kuncipha lapho kuqala isithwathwa.
5. Futhi, ebusika, izakhi zomoya zivezwa yimiphumela enolaka yama-reagents agcwele imigwaqo.

Uma umshayeli wemoto ekulungele ukubekezelela la maphutha, singasho ngokuzethemba ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nemithombo yakudala kanye ne-absorber absorber, i-analogue yomoya (ikakhulukazi intuthuko yakamuva) izosebenza kangcono. Kodwa-ke, ngeshwa, intuthuko enjalo itholakalela kuphela abashayeli bezimoto abacebile kanye nabahlali bezindawo eziseningizimu.

Ngokwengeziwe, bukela ukubuyekezwa kwevidiyo kokuvela kanye nezici zokumiswa komoya:

YINI UKUMISWA KOMOYA EMOTWENI NOKUTHI UFAKWA KANJANI

Ividiyo ngesihloko

Nansi ividiyo emfushane mayelana nokusebenza kokumiswa komoya:

Ngabe ukumiswa komoya kusebenza kanjani? Zonke izinzuzo zokumiswa komoya. Ukumiswa komoya kweVolkswagen Tuareg.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Yini engalungile ngokumiswa komoya? Idizayini eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokungagcini kahle kwamayunithi kwenza kubize kakhulu ukulungisa nokuyinakekela. Izinsiza zayo zithonywa kakhulu izimo zezulu, amakhemikhali omgwaqo kanye nezinga lokushisa eliqandayo.

Isebenza kanjani i-compressor air suspension? I-piston ibuyisela kulayini. Amavalvu okumunca nawokukhulula avuleka ngokushintshana. Umoya ugeleza ku-dehumidifier ungene ethangini elisebenzayo.

Ngabe ukumiswa komoya kusebenza kanjani elolini? Okokuqala, uhlelo lokubhuleka lugcwele umoya. Khona-ke iphonswa eziphethwini zomoya, bese iphonswa kumasamukeli. Umoya ovela kumamukeli usetshenziselwa ukushintsha ubulukhuni bokumanzisa.