Yini uketshezi lwamabhuleki nokuthi ungakuhlola kanjani

Ukunakekelwa kwemoto kubandakanya lonke uhlu lokukhohlisa. Okunye kwakho wukushintsha nokuhlolwa kwe-brake fluid (ngemuva kwalokhu ebizwa nge-TJ). Lolu ketshezi luyadingeka ukuze uhlelo lwamabhuleki lusebenze kahle.

I-ТЖ yenza umsebenzi obalulekile - ukudluliswa kwamandla okucindezela i-pedal brake kumasilinda asebenzayo wohlelo lwamabhuleki. Okusho ukuthi, lapho umshayeli ecindezela ibhuleki lokunyathela, uketshezi ulethwa ngamapayipi wamabhuleki asuka ku-master cylinder kuya kumadubhu amabhuleki noma kuma-disc, lapho, ngenxa yokungqubuzana, imoto yehlisa ijubane.

Uma umshayeli engashintshi i-brake fluid ngesikhathi, zonke izingxenye zendlela eyodwa zizohluleka. Lokhu kuzothinta ngqo ukuphepha kokushayela.

Yini i-brake fluid nokuthi iyini imisebenzi yayo

Uketshezi lwamabhuleki emotweni ludlulisa amandla okucindezela asuke kwiGTZ (brake master cylinder) aye ezindleleni zokubopha isondo ngalinye. Izici zomzimba zoketshezi zivumela ukuthi zisetshenziswe kumasekethe avaliwe ngokudluliswa kwamandla ngokushesha kusuka kolunye uhlangothi lomugqa kuye kolunye.

Uhlelo lwamabhuleki wemoto luqukethe:

• ukubopha indlela;
• ibhuleki drive (wokubacindezela, mechanical, kagesi, womoya futhi kuhlangene);
• ipayipi.

Esikhathini esiningi, isabelomali kanye nezimoto ezisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo zine-brake system, ulayini wayo ugcwele i-TJ. Ngaphambilini, i-butyl alcohol ne-castor oyela kwakusetshenziselwa lokhu. Ayexutshwe ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo.

Iziphuzo zanamuhla zingamaphesenti angama-93-98 akhiwe ngama-ether polyglycols. Ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle nokwethembeka kwemikhiqizo yabo, abakhiqizi basebenzisa izithasiselo ezahlukahlukene. Isibalo sazo singeqi ku-7%. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-silicone athathwa njengesisekelo sezinto ezinjalo.

Isilinda se-Brake master

Hydraulic ukubopha uhlelo ifakwe ukubopha master cylinder. Le ngxenye ifakiwe kwi-booster ye-vacuum brake. Izimoto zakwa-GTZ zesimanje ezinengcezu ezimbili. Ezimotweni ezidonsa ngamasondo angaphambili kanye nezishayela ngamasondo angemuva, uhlelo lusebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene.

• Isondo elihamba phambili. Imvamisa, izimoto ezinjalo zinamasekethe amabili: enye ihlanganisa amabhuleki amasondo ohlangothini lwesokudla, kanti enye ingakwesokunxele.
• Idrayivu engemuva. Isekethe eyodwa ixhuma amabhuleki namasondo angemuva enye ngaphambili.

Izingxenye ezimbili ze-GTZ nokuba khona kwamasekethe amabili ahlukene kwenzelwa ukuphepha. Uma kukhona ukuvuza kwe-TJ kusuka kwesinye isifunda, izindlela zebhuleki zenye zizosebenza. Vele, lokhu kuzothinta ngokusobala ukuhamba kwebhuleki (ukuhamba ngokukhululeka kuze kufike isikhathi sokuphendula), kepha amabhuleki ngeke anyamalale ngokuphelele.

Idivayisi ye-master brake cylinder ifaka:

• Ezezindlu. Phezulu kwaso kukhona ithangi eline-TJ.
• Isitoreji. Yenziwe ngepulasitiki esobala, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukulawula izinga loketshezi ngaphandle kokuvula isivalo. Ukuze kube lula, kusetshenziswa isikali ezindongeni zethangi, okuvumela ukuthi ulawule ngisho nokulahleka kwevolumu okuncane.
• Inzwa yezinga le-TZh. Etholakala emthonjeni. Lapho ileveli yehla ngokuxakile, isibani sokulawula sikhanyisa kucocekile (akuwona wonke amamodeli ezimoto afakwe i-alamu enjalo).
• Amapistoni. Zitholakala ngaphakathi kwe-GTZ ngokulandelana ngokwesimiso se- "locomotive". Womabili la ma-piston alayishwa entwasahlobo ukubuyela ngokuzenzakalela endaweni yawo yasekuqaleni ngemuva kokuphela kwebhuleki.
• Umshini wokulekelela induku. Ishayela i-piston yokuqala, bese amabutho adluliselwa kwesesibili ngentwasahlobo.

Izidingo ze-Brake fluid

Kwezokuphepha emgwaqeni, yonke imoto kufanele ifakwe uhlelo lwamabhuleki oluthembekile. Ukuyigcwalisa, kufanele usebenzise uketshezi olunokwakheka okukhethekile. Kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo ze:

• iphuzu lokubilisa;
• i-viscosity;
• ithonya ezingxenyeni zenjoloba;
• imiphumela ezinsimbi;
• izakhiwo zokuthambisa;
• hygroscopicity.

Ukushisa okubilayo

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwamabhuleki, ukugcwalisa uketshezi kohlelo kushisa kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokudluliswa kokushisa kusuka kuma-disc brake namapads. Nazi izibalo ezijwayelekile zombuso wokushisa we-TJ ngokuya ngezimo zokushayela:

Imodi yokushayela:	Uketshezi olushisayo ukuze toC
Ithrekhi	60-70
Idolobha	80-100
Umgwaqo wasentabeni	100-120
Ukubopha amabhuleki okuphuthumayo (imishini eminingi ilandelana)	Kuze kube yi-150

Uma isifunda sigcwele amanzi ajwayelekile, khona-ke kulokhu kushisa kuzobila ngokushesha. Ukuba khona komoya ohlelweni kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwamabhuleki (iphedali lizohluleka), ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwe-TJ kufanele kufake izinto ezandisa umkhawulo obilayo.

Uketshezi ngokwalo alunakucijeka, ngenxa yokuthi kukhona ukudluliswa okunembile kwengcindezi kusuka esakhiweni kuya kumabhuleki, kepha uma ibila, amabhamu amancane akha isifunda. Baphoqa inani elithile loketshezi libuyele echibini. Lapho umshayeli efaka ibhuleki, ingcindezi yesekethe iyanda, umoya okuso uyacindezelwa, okuvela kuwo amabhuleki angawacindezeli amaphedi ngokuqinile emgqonyeni noma kwi-disc.

Ukungabi nabulungisa

Njengoba ukuzinza kohlelo lwamabhuleki kuncike ekusetshenzisweni komzimba, kufanele kugcine izakhiwo zalo hhayi kuphela lapho kufudunyezwa, kepha futhi nakumazinga okushisa aphansi. Ebusika, uhlelo lwe-braking kufanele luzinze njengasehlobo.

I-TZ ejiyile ishaywa ngohlelo ngokunensa, okwandisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuphendula sezinqubo zamabhuleki. Kulokhu, akufanele kuvunyelwe ukuthi ibinamanzi kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho isongela ngokuvuza ezindaweni lapho kuhlangana khona izinto zesekethe.

Ithebula le-viscosity index yezinto ezingeni lokushisa lika- +40 t^oC:

Standard:	I-viscosity, mm2/ kusuka
I-SAE J 1703	1800
ISO 4925	1500
I-DOT3	1500
I-DOT4	1800
I-DOT4 +	1200-1500
I-DOT5.1	900
I-DOT5	900

Emazingeni okushisa e-subzero, le nkomba akufanele ibe ngaphezu kuka-1800 mm²/ s.

Umphumela ezingxenyeni zenjoloba

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kohlelo lwamabhuleki, izimpawu ezinwebeka akufanele zilahlekelwe yimpahla yazo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izigaxa ezimangelengele zingavimbela ukuhamba kwama-piston mahhala noma zivumele i-TJ idlule. Kunoma ikuphi, ingcindezi yesifunda ngeke ihambisane nenkomba oyifunayo, ngenxa yalokho - ukubopha okungasebenzi.

Umphumela ezinsimbi

I-brake fluid kufanele ivikele izingxenye zensimbi kusuka ku-oxidation. Lokhu kungaholela ekuphulweni kwesibuko sengxenye yangaphakathi yesilinda sokubopha, esizodala ukuthi uketshezi luphume emgodini osebenzayo phakathi kwesikhwama sepiston nodonga lwe-TC.

Okungahambi kahle okuholele ekutheni kungaholela ekugqokeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwezakhi zenjoloba. Inkinga efanayo ifaka isandla ekubonakaleni kwezinhlayiya zangaphandle emgqeni (izingcezu zenjoloba noma i-rust eqoshiwe), ezothinta ukusebenza kahle kwe-hydraulic drive.

Izakhiwo zokuthambisa

Njengoba ukusebenza kahle kwamabhuleki ezimoto kuncike kwikhwalithi yezingxenye ezihambayo ezifakwe kudivayisi yazo, zidinga ukuthambisa njalo ukuze zisebenze kahle. Mayelana nalokhu, ngaphezu kwezakhiwo ezibalwe ngenhla, i-TJ kufanele ivimbele imihuzuko esibukweni sezindawo zokusebenza.

Hygroscopicity

Okunye ukungalungi kwalesi sigaba soketshezi lobuchwepheshe yikhono lokumunca umswakama ovela emvelweni. Iphoyinti elibilayo ngqo lincike enanini lamanzi kuluketshezi ("olumanzi" noma "olomile" TZ).

Nayi itafula lokuqhathanisa lamaphoyinti abilayo azo zombili izinketho zoketshezi:

I-TJ ejwayelekile	Amathumba "omile" ku- toC	"Okumanzi" (inani lamanzi 2%), amathumba ku toC
I-SAE J 1703	205	140
ISO 4925	205	140
I-DOT3	205	140
I-DOT4	230	155
I-DOT4 +	260	180
I-DOT5.1	260	180
I-DOT5	260	180

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ngisho nangokwanda okuncane kwezinga lomswakama (ngaphakathi kwamaphesenti amabili kuya kwamathathu), iphuzu lokubilisa lihamba ngama-degree angama-65-80 phansi.

Ngaphezu kwalesi sici, umswakama ku-TZ usheshisa ukugqokwa kwezingxenye zenjoloba, kuholele ekugqoleni kwezakhi zensimbi, futhi kukhule ngokuqinile emazingeni okushisa aphansi.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, uketshezi lwamabhuleki ezimoto kufanele luhlangabezane nezidingo eziphezulu. Yingakho wonke umshayeli wemoto kufanele anake izincomo zomkhiqizi lapho ekhetha ama-TAs angafakwa esikhundleni.

Ngabe i-brake fluid "ibudala" kanjani?

Okuvame kakhulu yi-DOT4 standard brake fluid. Le nto inezici ezibalulekile zokumunca, ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi bancoma ukuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile ukwakheka kwayo nokuyishintsha ngemuva kwamakhilomitha angama-40-60. amamayela. Uma imoto ingajwayelekile ukushayela, uhlelo kufanele lusetshenziswe ngemuva kweminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu.

Njengengxenye ye-TJ, iphesenti lomswakama lingakhuphuka futhi kuvela izinhlayiya zangaphandle (ijubane lale nqubo lincike ezimweni zokusebenza kwemoto). Ubukhona bokugcina bungabonakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okubukwayo - uketshezi kuzoba namafu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuwohloka kwemvelo kwezingxenye zenjoloba nokwakhiwa kokugqwala (uma umnikazi wemoto wayevame ukungayinaki imithetho yokuphindisela enconyiwe).

Ukwanda kwezinga lomswakama akukwazi ukubonwa ngokubonakalayo (ezimweni ezahlukahlukene le nqubo yenzeka ngejubane layo), ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile uhlole le nkomba usebenzisa umhloli okhethekile.

Kufanele kuhlolwe kangaki uketshezi lwebhreki emotweni?

Abashayeli abaningi abaqondi ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwezimoto kuyadingeka kuye kuqala. Ochwepheshe batusa ngokuqinile ukuhlola izinga le-brake fluid nekhwalithi. Uma ungasinaki lesi seluleko - uhlelo lwamabhuleki luyangcola.

Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi ikhwalithi ye "brake" ithonywe yizici eziningi: izakhiwo zezulu, okuqukethwe komswakama emvelweni, isimo sohlelo lwamabhuleki.

Ukugwema izinkinga emgwaqeni, hlola uketshezi lwamabhuleki kabili ngonyaka, nezinga lalo - kanye ngenyanga (kaningi).

Ukuhlola izinga le-brake fluid

Futhi-ke, njengoba sesibhalile, udinga ukubheka izinga le-brake fluid kanye ngenyanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo ngeke ithathe isikhathi sakho esiningi.

Isibonakaliso sokuqala sezinga eliphansi "lebhuleki" ukwehluleka okubukhali kwe-pedal pedal. Uma umshayeli ebona ukuhamba okuthambile kakhulu, udinga ukumisa imoto futhi uhlole izinga le-TJ:

• Vula isivalo somshini. Yenza lokhu endaweni eyisicaba ukwenza amanani acace.

• Thola i-brake master cylinder. Imvamisa, ifakwa ngemuva kwengxenye yenjini, ohlangothini lomshayeli. Uzobona idamu ngaphezu kwesilinda.

• Hlola izinga loketshezi. Ezimotweni eziningi zesimanje, nakwezaseSoviet futhi, leli thangi lisobala futhi linamamaki “min” no “max” kulo. Izinga le-TJ kufanele libe phakathi kwalezi zimaki. Uma imoto yakho yakhiwa ngaphambi kuka-1980, leli damu lingaba yinsimbi (hhayi esobala). Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuzofanele ususe ikhava yensimbi yayo ukuthola izinga liketshezi olutholakalayo.

• Faka uketshezi echibini uma kudingeka. Gcwalisa i-TZ ngokucophelela. Uma isandla sakho siqhaqhazela futhi uchitha uketshezi, sula ngokushesha, ngoba kuyingozi futhi kuyonakalisa.

• Buyisela ikhava yedamu bese uvala ihood.

Izizathu zokuhlola isimo se-brake fluid

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i- "brake" ishintsha izakhiwo zayo, lokhu kuholela ekuwohlokeni kokusebenza kwalo lonke uhlelo lwamabhuleki. Awudingi ukufuna izizathu zokuhlola i-TJ. Kepha kulabo abazama ukubathola, sinikeza uhlu oluncane:

• "ibhuleki" ithatha umswakama bese ingcola. Uma kungaphezu kuka-3%, zonke izinto ezizuzisayo zoketshezi zizolahleka.

• amaconsi abilayo (lokhu kuholela "ekunyamalaleni" kwamabhuleki)

• amathuba okugqwala kwezindlela zokubopha

Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ukushintsha uketshezi lwamabhuleki kubalulekile njengokushintsha uwoyela wenjini noma isipholisi. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga imoto, lungela iqiniso lokuthi ngemuva kweminyaka emibili yokusebenza, kufanelekile ukufaka esikhundleni se-TZ. Uma uqhubeka nokusebenzisa uketshezi "oludala", izakhiwo zalo ezizuzisayo zizolahleka.

Ungahlola kanjani izakhiwo ze-brake fluid?

"Amabhuleki" adinga ukulawulwa yizinkomba ezimbili:

• izinga;

• ikhwalithi.

Inqubo ngayinye ingenziwa ngokuzimela. Esokuqala, sesivele sichazile ngenhla, okwesibili senziwa kusetshenziswa amadivayisi akhethekile:

• umhloli;
• imichilo yokuhlola.

Brake umhloli uketshezi

Le divayisi ifana nomaka, emzimbeni okukhona amalambu ezinkomba amaningi akhombisa izinga lomswakama oqukethwe kuketshezi. Kunama-electrode amabili afakwe i-nickel ngaphansi kwesigqoko somhloli.

I-TZ inokumelana kwayo nogesi. Lapho amanzi efakwe kuyo, le nkomba iyancipha. Umhloli unikwe amandla ibhethri. I-voltage yamanje isetshenziswa ku-electrode eyodwa. Njengoba ugesi ulandela indlela yokumelana okuncane, ukukhishwa kudlula phakathi kwama-electrode. Ukufundwa kwamandla kuqoshwa yinduku yesibili, kucutshungulwa nge-elektroniki yomhloli, bese ukukhanya okuhambisanayo kuvela.

Ukuhlola okuqukethwe yi-TZ ngamanzi, vele uvule umhloli bese uyakwehlisa ethangini. Ngemuva kwemizuzwana embalwa, ukukhanya kuzokhanya, kukhombisa iphesenti lomswakama. Ku-3%, kuyadingeka ukushintsha uketshezi olusebenzayo ufake olusha, ngoba amanzi avelayo azoholela ekwehleni kokusebenza kohlelo.

Intengo yedivayisi yokuhlola ikhwalithi ye-brake fluid

Izindleko ze-refractometer yesabelomali zisebangeni lama-5-7 amadola. Kuzokwanela ukuxilongwa endaweni yasekhaya. Ungahlola idivayisi enjalo ngokunemba ngale ndlela elandelayo.

Esikalini sekhishi (noma ubucwebe), i-50g iyalinganiswa. "Okomile" (okusha, kuthathwe ebhokisini) ukubopha uketshezi lwamabhuleki. Umhloli ofakwe kuyo uzokhombisa u-0%. Ngesirinji ejwayelekile, iphesenti elilodwa lamanzi (0,5 g) liyanezelwa. Ngemuva kokufaka ngakunye, umhloli kufanele akhombise u-1% (0,5 g wamanzi); 2% (1,0 gr. Amanzi); 3% (1,5 gr. Amanzi); 4% (2,0 gr. Amanzi).

Ngokuvamile, ama-refractorometers ashibhile anokunemba okwanele ukuhlola ikhwalithi ye-TOR emotweni endaweni yasekhaya. Amamodeli abiza kakhulu asetshenziswa ezikhungweni zensizakalo ukukalwa okuhle kwekhwalithi yoketshezi. Intengo yamadivayisi anjalo iyahluka kusuka ku-40 kuye ku-170 USD. Izilinganiso ezijwayelekile zasendlini azidingi ukunemba okunjalo, ngakho-ke umhloli olula womaka uyanele.

Ukuhlola ukubopha uketshezi ngemichilo yokuhlola

Kunenye inketho yesabelomali yokulinganisa ikhwalithi yama-tAs. Ungasebenzisa imichilo yokuhlola ukwenza lokhu. Zikhulelwe i-reagent ekhethekile yamakhemikhali ephendula ngoketshezi. Benza ngokomthetho wokuhlolwa kwe-litmus.

Ukuhlola, udinga ukuvula ithangi ku-GTZ, khipha umucu bese uwufaka ketshezi cishe umzuzu. Lesi sikhathi sanele ukwakheka kokuphendula kwamakhemikhali. Umucu uzoshintsha umbala. Lesi sibalo siqhathaniswa nesampula esephakeji.

Ungashintsha kanjani uketshezi lwe-brake?

Uma ukuxilongwa kukhombisa isidingo sokusevisa uhlelo lwamabhuleki, ukuphuma kwegazi kwenziwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo.

• Cacisa ukuthi yiliphi izinga le-TJ elinconywe ngumenzi wale moto (imvamisa yi-DOT4). Ngokwesilinganiso, isitsha selitha sanele ukumiselela ngokuphelele into.
• Jika phezulu ngemuva (lapho kuhamba khona imoto) bese ususa isondo.
• Yehlisa umshini kwi-stanchion ukuze ukumiswa kube sezingeni elijwayelekile lapho umshini ukuwo wonke amasondo.
• Dedela ingono yegazi (kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngesipanishi noma ngekhanda, hhayi isikrufu esivulekile, ukuze ungaphuli imiphetho). Uma imicu "ibhakiwe", i-lubricant engenayo (isb. WD-40) ingasetshenziswa. Kusukela kulesi sigaba, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle komsizi. Kufanele akhiphe i-TAS echibini elingenhla kwe-GTZ ngesirinji, bese ethela uketshezi olusha lapho.
• Kufakwa ithubhu esobala engonweni yegazi (izongena isuka kudrophu), ngakolunye uhlangothi kufakwa isirinji kuyo (noma yehliselwa esitsheni).
• Umsizi uvulela imoto imoto, acindezele ibhuleki eliyinyathela ayibambe kule ndawo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukulinganisa kukhishwe ngokucophelela ngesigamu sejika. Olunye uketshezi oludala ludonswa esirinji. Ukulingana kusontekile. Inqubo iyaphindwa kuze kube yilapho uketshezi olusha lungena esirinji.
• Isondo lifakiwe.
• Izinyathelo ezifanayo zenziwa ngesondo langemuva langakwesokunxele nangesondo langaphambili langakwesokudla. Ukopha uhlelo lwamabhuleki kumele kuqedwe ngasohlangothini lomshayeli.
• Kuyo yonke inqubo, kubalulekile ukuqapha izinga le-brake fluid ukuze umoya ungangeni ohlelweni.

Njengoba i-brake fluid inokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamakhemikhali, kufanele ilahlwe njengemfucumfucu enobungozi (akumele uyilahle emgqonyeni kadoti noma uyithele phansi, kepha xhumana nensizakalo efanelekile).

Kufanele kushintshwe kangaki uketshezi lwamabhuleki?

Izinombolo zokuvama kokushintshwa kwama-tA azithathiwe ekhanda, zilawulwa ngumenzi, ngokuya ngokwakhiwa nezakhiwo zayo. Ngokuvamile, ushintsho lwe-TJ lwenziwa phambi kwe-30-60 ayizinkulungwane zamakhilomitha wokugijima.

Kodwa hhayi kuphela i-mileage ethinta ikhwalithi ye-brake fluid. Isiginali ebalulekile yokushintsha kwayo umbala, onganqunywa kusetshenziswa imichilo yokuhlola. Ochwepheshe batusa ukunaka uhlelo lwe-braking lonke. Uma icindezelekile, kufanelekile ukufaka esikhundleni se-TZ.

Imibuzo ejwayelekile:

Iyini i-brake fluid? Amabhuleki fluid anikezwa kuyo yonke imoto ene-hydraulic braking system. Ngenxa yesekethe yebhuleki evaliwe, ingcindezi yoketshezi, lapho isicindezelo sebhuleki sicindezelwe, ivumela amasilinda asebenzayo ukuthi acindezele amaphedi ngokumelene nezindawo zezigubhu noma zama-disc.

Kukangaki udinga ukushintsha uketshezi lwamabhuleki emotweni yakho? Njalo eminyakeni emi-2, kungakhathalekile ukuthi uhamba kanjani. I-Brake fluid iyi-hygroscopic, okusho ukuthi kancane kancane iqoqa umswakama futhi ilahlekelwe yizakhiwo zayo.

Kungani kudingeka ushintshe uketshezi lwamabhuleki? Njenganoma yiluphi uketshezi lobuchwepheshe, i-brake fluid iqukethe iphakethe lokungezwa eliphelelwe isikhathi. Kulokhu, i-brake fluid ingcoliswa kancane kancane, izakhiwo zayo zilahleka ize ibile.