Izinhlobo, isisetshenziswa kanye nenqubo yokusebenza kwama-airbags ezimoto
Enye yezinto ezibalulekile zokuvikela umshayeli nabagibeli emotweni ama-airbag (Airbag). Ukuvula ngesikhathi somthelela, zivikela umuntu ekushayisaneni nesiteringi, udeshibhodi, isihlalo sangaphambili, izinsika ezisemaceleni nezinye izingxenye zomzimba nangaphakathi. Selokhu kufakwe ama-airbag ezimotweni, akwazile ukuhlenga impilo yabantu abaningi ababandakanyeka engozini. Umlando wokudala Izibonelo zokuqala zama-airbag zanamuhla zavela ngo-1941, kodwa impi yaphazamisa izinhlelo zonjiniyela. Ochwepheshe babuyela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-airbag ngemuva kokuphela kwezingxabano. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi onjiniyela ababili abasebenza emazwenikazi ahlukene ngokwehlukana babamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwama-airbag okuqala. Ngakho-ke, ngo-Agasti 18, 1953, uJohn waseMelika ...
Inhloso nomgomo wokusebenza komshayeli webhande nomkhawuko
Ukusetshenziswa kwebhande kuyimpoqo kuwo wonke umshayeli nabagibeli bakhe. Ukuze kwenziwe idizayini yebhande isebenze kahle futhi ibe lula, abathuthukisi badale amadivayisi afana ne-pretensioner kanye ne-limiter. Ngamunye wenza umsebenzi wakhe, kodwa inhloso yokusetshenziswa kwawo iyafana - ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha okuphezulu kumuntu ngamunye endaweni yabagibeli yemoto ehambayo. I-Belt Pretensioner I-tensioner yebhande lesihlalo (noma i-pretensioner) ihlinzeka ngokulungiswa okuvikelekile komzimba womuntu esihlalweni, futhi uma kwenzeka ingozi, ivimbela umshayeli noma umgibeli ukuthi aye phambili ngokuhlobene nokuhamba kwemoto. Lo mphumela utholakala ngenxa yokugoqa nokuqiniswa kwebhande lesihlalo. Abashayeli abaningi bezimoto badida i-pretensioner ngekhoyili evamile engasebenzi, ephinde ifakwe ekwakhiweni kwamabhande ezihlalo. Nokho, i-tensioner inohlelo lwayo lokusebenza. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwe-pretensioner, ...
Incazelo nemibandela yokuhlolwa kokuphahlazeka kwemoto
Ukuphepha kungenye yezinto ezisemqoka abathengi abazihlaziyayo uma bekhetha imoto. Ukuhlola zonke izingozi nokuthembeka kwemoto, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi izikolo zokuhlolwa kokuphahlazeka kuyasetshenziswa. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa yibo bobabili abakhiqizi kanye nochwepheshe abazimele, okuvumela ukuhlolwa okungachemile kwekhwalithi yemoto. Kodwa ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ulwazi, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo zokuphahlazeka, ukuthi ubani ozenzayo, ukuthi imiphumela ihlolwa kanjani kanye nezinye izici zenqubo. Kuyini ukuhlolwa kokushayisana kwemoto Ukuhlolwa kokuphahlazeka ukudalwa ngenhloso kwesimo esiphuthumayo kanye nokushayisana kwamazinga ahlukahlukene engozi (ukuba yinkimbinkimbi). Le ndlela yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlola ukuphepha kwesakhiwo semoto, ukuhlonza amaphutha abonakalayo kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokuvikela ngendlela yokunciphisa ubungozi bokulimala kubagibeli nabashayeli uma kwenzeka kuba nezingozi. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile ezijwayelekile zokuhlolwa kokuphahlazeka (izinhlobo zemithelela): Ukushayisana kwekhanda - imoto ku ...
Isakhiwo nomgomo wokusebenza kohlelo lokuphepha olungenzi lutho i-SRS
Imoto akuyona nje indlela yokuthutha evamile, kodwa futhi iwumthombo wengozi. Inani elilokhu likhula njalo lezimoto emigwaqweni yaseRussia nasemhlabeni, isivinini esikhulayo siholela ekwandeni kwenani lezingozi. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wabaklami ukuthuthukisa hhayi kuphela ukhululekile, kodwa futhi imoto ephephile. Uhlelo lokuphepha olungenzi lutho lusiza ukuxazulula le nkinga. Luhlanganisani uhlelo lokuphepha olungenzi lutho Uhlelo lokuphepha lwemoto olunganyakazi luhlanganisa zonke izisetshenziswa nezindlela eziklanyelwe ukuvikela umshayeli nabagibeli ekulimaleni okubi ngesikhathi sengozi. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zesistimu zihlanganisa: amabhande ezihlalo ane-tensioners kanye nemikhawulo; ama-airbags; ukwakheka komzimba okuphephile; izithiyo zezingane; inkinobho yokunqamula ibhethri yesimo esiphuthumayo; ama-headrest asebenzayo; uhlelo...
Isebenza Kanjani Uhlelo Lokusiza Kokwehla
Abakhiqizi bezimoto besimanje bazama konke okusemandleni ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha komshayeli nabagibeli. Ngalezi zinhloso, kuhlinzekwa amasistimu ahlukahlukene ukuze kugwenywe ukuvela kwezimo eziphuthumayo. Omunye walaba basizi babashayeli i-hill descent assistance system, eqinisekisa isivinini esizinzile ngaphandle kwama-acceleration ayingozi. Uhlelo lweDAC: okudingwa umshayeli kukho Kukholakala ukuthi uhlelo lokuphepha lweDAC (Downhill Assist Control) uma wehla entabeni lwethulwa okokuqala ngonjiniyela bezimoto ezaziwayo zohlobo lweToyota. Inhloso eyinhloko yentuthuko entsha kwakuwukunikeza imoto ukwehla okuphephile ngangokunokwenzeka ukusuka emithambekeni eyimiqansa, ukuvimbela ukwenzeka kokusheshisa okungafuneki nokulawula ukugcinwa kwesivinini esiphephile njalo. Imvamisa, isifinyezo sesiNgisi esithi DAC sisetshenziswa ukukhombisa umsebenzi wokuhamba okuphephile emthambekeni. Kodwa-ke, alikho igama elilodwa elamukelwa ngokuvamile ...
Luyini uhlelo lokufaka izihlalo ze-ISOFIX
Noma iyiphi imoto yesimanje, ngisho nommeleli wesigaba sesabelomali esikhulu kunazo zonke, kufanele kuqala iphephe. Ukuze benze lokhu, abakhiqizi bezimoto bahlomisa wonke amamodeli abo ngamasistimu nezinto ezahlukahlukene ezinikeza ukuphepha okusebenzayo nokungenzi lutho kubo bonke abagibeli abasendlini phakathi nohambo. Uhlu lwezingxenye ezinjalo luhlanganisa ama-airbag (funda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo zawo nokusebenza lapha), izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokuzinzisa izimoto phakathi nohambo, njalonjalo. Ngokuvamile kuba nezingane phakathi kwabagibeli emotweni. Umthetho wamazwe amaningi emhlabeni ubophezela abashayeli ukuba bahlomise izimoto zabo ngezihlalo ezikhethekile zezingane eziqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezingane. Isizathu siwukuthi ibhande lesihlalo enguqulweni evamile lenzelwe ukulungisa umuntu omdala, futhi ingane kuleli cala ayivikelekile ngisho, ...
Izinhlobo nezici zokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokubamba izingane
Lapho ingane ivela emndenini, imoto iba umsizi obaluleke nakakhulu. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wabazali ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha okuphezulu komgibeli omncane. Ukuvimbela okukhethekile kwezingane kuzosiza kulokhu, okumele kukhethwe kahle kuye ngokuthi ubudala, isisindo kanye nezici zomuntu ngamunye wengane. Iyini i-DUU A child restraint (DUU) iwuhlu lonke lwamadivayisi aklanyelwe ukuthutha okuphephile kwengane emotweni. Kuye ngeminyaka nesisindo somntwana, izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuvinjelwa kwezingane zingasetshenziswa, kuhlanganise: abathwali bezinsana; izihlalo zemoto; ama-booster; ama-adaptha ebhande lesihlalo. Ngokomthetho waseRussia, amathuluzi anjalo kufanele asetshenziswe lapho kuthuthwa izingane kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwazo kuze kufike eminyakeni engu-12. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye zokukhula kwengane, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa i-DUU kanye ...
Izinhlobo kanye nenqubo yokusebenza kwezingqimba zemoto
Enye yezinto zokuqala ezivimbela amakhanda emoto yethulwa ngabakwaMercedes-Benz ngo-1960. Ekuqaleni zafakwa ngesicelo somthengi. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60s, zonke izimoto zakwaMercedes zakhiqizwa ngezithibelo zekhanda. Ngo-1969, inhlangano yezokuphepha i-NHTSA yagunyaza ukubaluleka kwesisekeli esisha futhi yancoma ukufakwa kwayo kubo bonke abakhiqizi bezimoto. Iyiphi imisebenzi eyenziwa yi-headrest? Ukwengezwa okunjalo esihlalweni semoto kuyisici sokuphepha okungenzi lutho, hhayi nje ingxenye yokwenza kube lula. Konke kumayelana nokuziphatha komzimba wethu esihlalweni semoto ngesikhathi somthelela ongemuva. Umzimba uphuthuma emuva, futhi ikhanda lijikijelwa emuva ngamandla amakhulu nangesivinini kamuva. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "umphumela we-whip". Ukuvinjelwa kwekhanda kumisa ukunyakaza kwekhanda ngesikhathi somthelela, kuvimbela ukuphuka okungenzeka kwentamo nokulimala kwekhanda. Noma ingaqinile...
Amabhande esihlalo semoto: ukuvikelwa kufakazelwe amashumi eminyaka
Naphezu kwezinga eliphezulu lokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje, amabhande ezihlalo ahlala eyindlela eyinhloko yokuvikela umshayeli nabagibeli emotweni. Ngokulungisa isikhundla somzimba ngesikhathi semithelela enamandla, le divayisi, efakazelwe amashumi eminyaka, isiza ukugwema ukulimala okubi, okuvame ukungahambisani nokuphila. Ngokwezibalo, ku-70% wamacala, abantu bayakwazi ukusinda ezingozini ezimbi ngenxa yamabhande ezihlalo. Amaqiniso avela emlandweni kanye nesimanjemanje Kukholakala ukuthi ibhande lokuqala lesihlalo lasungulwa futhi lanikezwa ilungelo lobunikazi ngo-1885 ngu-American Edward Claghorn. Ekuqaleni, lo mshini wawusetshenziselwa abagibeli abahamba ngezinqola ezivulekile. Kamuva, abaqeqeshi baqala ukusebenzisa ibhande. Nokho, embonini yezimoto, amabhande ezihlalo aqala ukuvela kamuva kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, bazama ukubethula njengendlela eyengeziwe, ...
Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza kohlelo lokuvikela abahamba ngezinyawo
Njalo ngonyaka, amashumi ezinkulungwane zezingozi ezihilela abahamba ngezinyawo zenzeka emigwaqweni yaseRussia. Izingozi ezinjena zenzeka ngamaphutha abashayeli nangenxa yobudedengu babantu abangena emgwaqeni. Ukuze kuncishiswe inani lokulimala okubi kakhulu ekushayisaneni kwemoto nomuntu, abakhiqizi bezimoto benze indlela ekhethekile - ihood esebenzayo enohlelo lokuvikela abahamba ngezinyawo. Kuyini, sizokutshela endabeni yethu. Luyini uhlelo Uhlelo lokuphepha lwabahamba ngezinyawo lwaqala ukufakwa ezimotweni ezikhiqizayo e-Europe ngo-2011. Namuhla le divayisi isetshenziswa ezimotweni eziningi zaseYurophu naseMelika. Izinkampani ezintathu ezinkulu zibambe iqhaza ekukhiqizweni kwemishini: I-TRW Holdings Automotive (ikhiqiza umkhiqizo obizwa nge-Pedestrian Protection System, i-PPS). I-Bosch (yenza i-Electronic Pedestrian Protection, noma i-EPP) uhlelo. Siemens...