Incazelo nemibandela yokuhlolwa kokuphahlazeka kwemoto

Ukuphepha kungenye yemingcele esemqoka abahlaziya ngayo abathengi lapho bekhetha imoto. Ukuhlola zonke izingcuphe nokwethembeka kwemoto, kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwalokho okuthiwa ukuhlolwa kwengozi. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngabakhiqizi kanye nochwepheshe abazimele, okuvumela ukuhlolwa okungachemile kwekhwalithi yemoto. Kepha ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imininingwane, kungakuhle ukuthi uqonde ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo zokuphahlazeka, eziqhutshwa ngubani, imiphumela ihlolwe kanjani nezinye izici zenqubo.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kokuphahlazeka kwemoto

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Crash kungukudala ngamabomu kwesimo esiphuthumayo nokushayisana kwamazinga eengozi ahlukahlukene (ubunzima). Le ndlela yenza ukuthi kuhlolwe ukuphepha kohlaka lwezimoto, kukhonjwe ukukhubazeka okubonakalayo futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokuvikela ngendlela yokwehlisa ubungozi bokulimala kubagibeli nabashayeli ezingozini. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ezijwayelekile zokuhlolwa kokuphahlazeka (izinhlobo zemithelela):

1. Ukushayisana ngamakhanda - imoto ngejubane lama-55 km / h ishayisa isithiyo sikakhonkolo amamitha ayi-1,5 ukuphakama nesisindo samathani ayi-1,5. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole imiphumela yokushayisana nethrafikhi ezayo, izindonga noma izigxobo.
2. Ukushayisana Okuseceleni - Ukuhlolwa komphumela weloli noma yengozi ye-SUV ngomthelela ohlangothini. Imoto nesithiyo esinesisindo samathani ayi-1,5 kuyasheshiswa kube yijubane lama-65 km / h, ngemuva kwalokho lishayisa ohlangothini lwesokunene noma kwesobunxele.
3. Ukushayisana ngemuva - imoto ishayiswe yisithiyo esinesisindo samathani angu-35 ngejubane lama-0,95 km / h.
4. Ukushayisana nomuntu ohamba ngezinyawo - imoto igingqa isigaxa somuntu ngejubane lama-20, 30 no-40 km / h.

Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwenziwa emotweni futhi imiphumela iba ngcono, kuphephe kakhulu ukusebenzisa imoto ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela. Izimo zokuhlolwa ziyehluka ngokuya ngenhlangano eyenzayo.

Oqhuba izivivinyo zokuphahlazeka

Abenzi bezimoto nezinkampani ezizimele benza izivivinyo zokuphahlazeka. Okokuqala ukuthola ubuthakathaka besakhiwo kanye nokukhubazeka komshini ukuze kulungiswe izinkinga ngaphambi kokuqala ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi. Futhi, ukuhlolwa okunjalo kusivumela ukukhombisa abathengi ukuthi imoto inokwethenjelwa futhi iyakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo esindayo nezimo ezingalindelekile.

Izinkampani ezizimele zenza ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kwezimoto ukwazisa abantu. Njengoba umenzi enentshisekelo kwinani lokuthengisa, lingafihla imiphumela yokuhlolwa yokuwohloka okungalungile noma likhulume kuphela ngamapharamitha adingekayo. Izinkampani ezizimele zinganikeza ukuhlolwa kwezimoto okuthembekile.

Idatha yokuhlolwa kokuphahlazeka isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izilinganiso zokuphepha kwezimoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bayabhekelwa yizinhlaka ezilawula umbuso lapho beqinisekisa imoto futhi bevuma ukuthi iyathengiswa ezweni.

Imininingwane etholakele isivumela ukuthi sihlaziye ngokucophelela ukuphepha kwemoto ethile. Ngaphakathi emotweni kubekwa ama-mannequin akhethekile alingisa umshayeli nabagibeli. Zisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ubukhulu bomonakalo nezinga lokulimala kwempilo yabantu lapho kushayisana.

Izinhlangano Zamazwe Ngamazwe Zokuhlola Izimoto

Enye yezinhlangano ezidume kakhulu yi I-Euro NCAP - Ikomidi laseYurophu lokuhlolwa kwezimoto ezintsha, kufaka phakathi izinga lokuphepha okusebenzayo nokusebenzayo, ebelisebenza kusukela ngo-1997 emazweni e-EU. Le nkampani ihlaziya imininingwane efana nokuvikelwa kwabashayeli, abagibeli abadala nezingane, nabahamba ngezinyawo. I-Euro NCAP inyathelisa uhlelo lokulinganisa izimoto minyaka yonke ngesilinganiso sezinkanyezi ezinhlanu esewonke.

Uhlobo olusha lwenkampani yaseYurophu lwavela eMelika luvela e-US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration ngo-2007 ngaphansi kwegama I-US'n'CUP... Yenzelwe ukuhlola ukuthembeka kwemoto nokuzethemba ekuphepheni komshayeli nabagibeli. AbaseMelika balahlekelwe ukuzethemba ezivivinyweni zendabuko zangaphambili nezomthelela ohlangothini. Ngokungafani ne-EuroNCAP, inhlangano ye-US'n'CUP yethule uhlelo lokulinganisa lwamaphuzu ayi-13 kanye nokuhlolwa okuhlelekile ngendlela yombukiso onemibala.

ERussia, lo msebenzi wenziwa I-ARCAP - isilinganiso sokuqala esizimele saseRussia sokuphepha kwemoto engenziwanga. I-China inenhlangano yayo - I-C-NCAP.

Ihlolwa kanjani imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuphahlazeka

Ukuhlola imiphumela yokushayisana, kusetshenziswa ama-dummies akhethekile alingisa usayizi womuntu ojwayelekile. Ngokunemba okukhulu, kusetshenziswa izidubhu eziningana, kufaka phakathi isihlalo somshayeli, isihlalo sabagibeli ngaphambili nomgibeli wesihlalo sangemuva. Zonke izifundo ziboshwe ngamabhande esihlalo, ngemuva kwalokho ingozi yenziwa.

Ngosizo lwamadivayisi akhethekile, amandla omthelela alinganiswa futhi kubikezelwa imiphumela yokushayisana. Ngokuya ngamathuba okulimala, imoto ithola isilinganiso sezinkanyezi. Ukuphakama kwamathuba okulimala noma imiphumela emibi yezempilo, kwehlisa amaphuzu. Ukuphepha nokwethembeka komshini jikelele kuncike kumingcele efana nale:

• ubukhona bamabhande esihlalo, abenza ipension, abanciphisa amandla;
• ukuba khona kwama-airbags abagibeli, umshayeli, kanye nohlangothi;
• ukulayishwa okuphezulu kwekhanda, ukugoba umzuzu wentamo, ukuminyana kwesifuba, njll.

Ngokwengeziwe, ukukhubazeka komzimba kanye nethuba lokuphuma emotweni esimweni esiphuthumayo (ukuvulwa komnyango) kuyahlolwa.

Izimo nemithetho yokuhlola

Zonke izivivinyo zemoto zenziwa ngokuya ngezinga elijwayelekile. Imithetho yokuhlola nezimo zokuhlola zingahluka ngokuya ngemithetho yendawo. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga Imithetho ye-European EuroNCAP:

• umthelela wangaphambili - ukugqagqana ngama-40%, umgoqo okhubazekile we-aluminium wezinyosi, isivinini esingu-64 km / h;
• umthelela ohlangothini - isivinini esingu-50 km / h, umgoqo okhubazekayo;
• umthelela ohlangothini kwipali - isivinini sama-29 km / h, ukuhlolwa kokuvikelwa kwazo zonke izingxenye zomzimba.

Ngokushayisana, kunento efana nokuthi ukugqagqana... Lesi yinkomba ephawula iphesenti lendawo yokushayisana kwemoto enesithiyo. Isibonelo, lapho uhhafu wangaphambili ushaya udonga lukakhonkolo, ukugqagqana kuba ngu-50%.

Ama-dummies wokuhlola

Ukwenziwa kwamadummy wokuhlola kungumsebenzi oyinselele njengoba imiphumela yokuhlolwa okuzimele incike kuyo. Akhiqizwa ngokuya ngamazinga womhlaba futhi afakwe izinzwa ezinjenge:

• ama-accelerometer ekhanda;
• inzwa yengcindezi yomlomo wesibeletho;
• idolo;
• ama-accelerometers we-thoracic ne-spinal.

Izinkomba ezitholwe ngesikhathi sokushayisana zenza sikwazi ukubikezela ubungozi bokulimala nokuphepha kwabagibeli bangempela. Kulokhu, ama-mannequins akhiqizwa ngokuya ngezinkomba ezijwayelekile: ubude, isisindo, ububanzi behlombe. Abanye abakhiqizi benza ama-mannequins ngamapharamitha angajwayelekile: ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ubude, ukukhulelwa, njll.

https://youtu.be/Ltb_pQA6dRc