Isakhiwo nomgomo wokusebenza kohlelo lokuphepha olungenzi lutho i-SRS

Imoto akuyona nje indlela ejwayelekile yokuhamba, kepha futhi ingumthombo wengozi. Inani elanda njalo lezimoto emigwaqeni yaseRussia nasemhlabeni, isivinini esikhulayo sokuhamba ngokungenakugwenywa siholela ekwandeni kwenani lezingozi. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wabaqambi ukuthuthukisa hhayi kuphela ukhululekile, kodwa futhi nemoto ephephile. Uhlelo lokuphepha olungenzi lutho lusiza ukuxazulula le nkinga.

Lubandakanya ini uhlelo lokuphepha?

Uhlelo lwezokuphepha lwezimoto lubandakanya wonke amadivayisi nezinqubo ezenzelwe ukuvikela umshayeli nabagibeli ekulimaleni kanzima ngesikhathi sengozi.

Izingxenye eziyinhloko zohlelo yilezi:

• amabhande esihlalo nabaphikisi kanye nemikhawulo;
• ama-airbags;
• ukwakheka komzimba okuphephile;
• ukuvinjelwa kwengane;
• inkinobho ephuthumayo yokunqamula ibhethri;
• izivimbelo zekhanda ezisebenzayo;
• uhlelo lwezingcingo oluphuthumayo;
• amanye amadivayisi angavamile (isb. i-ROPS kokuguqukayo).

Ezimotweni zesimanje, zonke izinto ze-SRS zixhunyiwe futhi zinezilawuli ezifanayo ze-elekthronikhi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinto eziningi.

Kodwa-ke, izinto eziyinhloko zokuvikela ngesikhathi sengozi emotweni zihlala zingamabhande nezikhwama zomoya. Bayingxenye yohlelo lwe-Supplemental Restraint System (i-SRS), olufaka nezinqubo eziningi namadivayisi amaningi.

Ukuvela kwamadivayisi okuphepha

Idivayisi yokuqala ngqa eyenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokungenzi lutho komuntu emotweni kwakuyibhande lesihlalo, okokuqala okunelungelo lobunikazi emuva ngo-1903. Kodwa-ke, ukufakwa ngobuningi kwamabhande ezimotweni kwaqala kuphela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lamashumi amabili - ngo-1957. Ngaleso sikhathi, amadivayisi afakwe ezihlalweni zangaphambili futhi alungisa umshayeli nomgibeli endaweni ye-pelvic (amaphuzu amabili).

Ibhande lesihlalo elinamaphuzu amathathu lalinelungelo lobunikazi ngo-1958. Ngemuva konyaka, insiza yaqala ukufakwa ezimotweni zokukhiqiza.

Ngo-1980, ukwakheka kwebhande kwathuthukiswa kakhulu ngokufakwa komshayisibhakela ohlinzeka ngokulingana okuqinile kakhulu kwebhande ngesikhathi sokushayisana.

Ama-airbags avele ezimotweni ngemuva kwesikhathi. Ngaphandle kokuthi i-patent yokuqala yedivayisi enjalo yakhishwa ngo-1953, izimoto zokukhiqiza zaqala ukufakwa ngemicamelo kuphela ngo-1980 e-United States. Ekuqaleni, ama-airbags afakwa kuphela kumshayeli, futhi kamuva kwabagibeli bangaphambili. Ngo-1994, kwethulwa ama-airbag ezinhlangothini ezimotweni okokuqala ngqa.

Namuhla, amabhande esihlalo kanye nama-airbag ahlinzeka ngokuvikela okuyinhloko kubantu abasemotweni. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi zisebenza kuphela lapho kufakwa ibhande lesihlalo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ama-airbags asetshenzisiwe angadala ukulimala okwengeziwe.

Izinhlobo zamagalelo

Ngokwezibalo, ngaphezu kwesigamu (51,1%) sezingozi ezibucayi nezisulu kuhambisana nomthelela ongaphambili ngaphambili kwemoto. Endaweni yesibili ngokuya ngemvamisa kuba nemithelela eseceleni (32%). Ekugcineni, kuba nenani elincane lezingozi ezenzeka ngenxa yokushayisana nangemuva kwemoto (14,1%) noma i-rollovers (2,8%).

Ngokuya ngokuqondiswa komthelela, uhlelo lwe-SRS lunquma ukuthi imaphi amadivayisi okufanele asebenze.

• Ngomthelela ongaphambili, kufakwa abezinqamu zebhande lesihlalo, kanye nama-airbags angaphambili omshayeli nomgibeli (uma umthelela ungekho mkhulu, uhlelo lwe-SRS kungenzeka lungasebenzisi i-airbag).
• Ngomthelela oqondile wangaphambili, kungabandakanyeka kuphela abahlukumezi bebhande. Uma umthelela uba muncu, kuzodingeka ukuthi kuthunyelwe ama-airbags angaphambili kanye / noma ekhanda nasezinhlangothini.
• Ngomthelela ohlangothini, ama-airbags asekhanda, ama-airbags asemaceleni kanye nabaqinisa amabhande ohlangothini lomthelela bangasetshenziswa.
• Uma umthelela ungemuva kwemoto, i-pretensioner yebhande lesihlalo nebhuleki yebhethri ingahle ibangelwe.

Umqondo wokubangela izinto zokuphepha zemoto ezincike ezimweni ezithile zengozi (amandla nokuqondisa komthelela, isivinini ngesikhathi sokushayisana, njll.), Kanye nasekwenzeni nemodeli yemoto.

Umdwebo wesikhathi sokushayisana

Ukushayisana kwezimoto kwenzeka ngokuphazima kweso. Isibonelo, imoto ehamba ngejubane lama-56 km / h futhi ishayisana nesithiyo esimile ifika ime ngokuphelele phakathi kwama-millisecond angu-150. Ukuqhathanisa, ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuntu angaba nesikhathi sokucwayiza amehlo akhe. Akumangazi ukuthi akekho umshayeli noma abagibeli abazoba nesikhathi sokuthatha noma yiziphi izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabo okwamanje. I-SRS kumele ibenzele lokhu. Yenza kusebenze umshikashika webhande kanye nesistimu ye-airbag.

Ngomthelela ohlangothini, ama-airbags ohlangothini avuleka ngokushesha okukhulu - kungabi ngaphezu kwe-15 ms. Indawo ephakathi kwendawo ekhubazekile nomzimba womuntu incane kakhulu, ngakho-ke umshayeli noma umgibeli uzoshaya umzimba wemoto ngesikhathi esifushane.

Ukuvikela umuntu ekuthintekeni okuphindaphindiwe (ngokwesibonelo, lapho imoto igingqika noma ishayela emseleni), ama-airbags asemaceleni ahlala ethembekile isikhathi eside.

Izinzwa zomthelela

Ukusebenza kohlelo lonke kuqinisekiswa yizinzwa zokushaqeka. Lawa madivayisi athola ukuthi kukhona ukushayisana okwenzekile futhi athumela isignali kuphiko olulawulayo, nalo oluvula ama-airbags.

Ekuqaleni, kuphela kwafakwa izinzwa zomthelela wangaphambili ezimotweni. Kodwa-ke, njengoba izimoto ziqala ukufakelwa eminye imicamelo, inani lezinzwa nalo lenyuswa.

Umsebenzi omkhulu wezinzwa ukucacisa ukuqondiswa namandla omthelela. Ngenxa yale mishini, uma kwenzeka ingozi, kuzosebenza kuphela ama-airbag adingekayo, hhayi yonke into esemotweni.

Izinzwa zohlobo lwe-Electromechanical zendabuko. Umklamo wazo ulula kepha unokwethenjelwa. Izinto eziyinhloko ibhola nentwasahlobo yensimbi. Ngenxa ye-inertia eyenzeka ngesikhathi somthelela, ibhola liqondisa intwasahlobo, livale othintana nabo, ngemuva kwalokho inzwa yokushaqeka ithumela ukushaywa kuyunithi yokulawula.

Ukuqina kokuqina kwentwasahlobo akuvumeli ukuthi lo mshini ubangelwe ukubhuleka kanzima noma umthelela omncane kusithiyo. Uma imoto ihamba ngejubane eliphansi (kufika ku-20 km / h), khona-ke amandla e-inertia nawo akwanele ukusebenza entwasahlobo.

Esikhundleni sezinzwa ze-electromechanical, izimoto eziningi zesimanje zifakwe imishini ye-elekthronikhi - izinzwa zokusheshisa.

Ngamagama alula, inzwa yokusheshisa ihlelwe njenge-capacitor. Amanye amapuleti ayo aqiniswe aqinile, kanti amanye ayanyakaziswa futhi enza njengobuningi bokuzamazama komhlaba. Lapho kushayisana, le nqwaba ihamba, ishintsha amandla we-capacitor. Lolu lwazi luhlukaniswa uhlelo lokucubungula idatha, oluthumela idatha etholwe kuphiko lokulawula i-airbag.

Izinzwa zokusheshisa zingahlukaniswa zibe yizinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-capacitive ne-piezoelectric. Ngamunye wabo uqukethe into yokuzwa kanye nohlelo lokucubungula idatha ngogesi olusendlini eyodwa.

Isisekelo sohlelo lokuphepha lokungenzi lutho lwemoto senziwe ngamadivayisi abekhombisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kwawo eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Ngenxa yokusebenza njalo konjiniyela nabaqambi, ukwenza ngcono izinhlelo zokuphepha, abashayeli nabagibeli bayakwazi ukugwema ukulimala kanzima ngesikhathi sengozi.