Ithangi legesi yemoto: idivayisi

Lapho umthengi ekhetha imoto kagesi, into yokuqala ayinakayo ibanga, eliboniswa emibhalweni yezobuchwepheshe. Le parameter incike ebangeni lebhethri kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe zesikhungo samandla emoto. Imvamisa, imoto enjalo iyakwazi ukumboza okungenani amashumi amakhilomitha amaningi. Isilinganiso esiphezulu esinikezwa amamodeli wesabelomali ngamakhilomitha angamakhulu ambalwa ngecala elilodwa.

Mayelana nalokhu, izimoto ezinikwa amandla nguketshezi noma ugesi zinosizo olukhulu. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwenjini, isisindo semoto namanye amapharamitha, imoto ingahamba ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayinkulungwane. Kepha into eyodwa eyingxenye yohlelo lukaphethiloli wemoto (funda ngezinhlobo zamadivayisi wemoto lapha), inomthelela omkhulu kule parameter. Leli yithangi likaphethiloli.

Ake sicabangele ukuthi yini okukhethekile kwale mininingwane yomshini ebonakala ilula. Yiziphi izinto okungenziwa ngazo, iyini idivayisi yalesi sici ezimotweni zesimanje nokuwohloka okuvamile.

Yini ithangi likaphethiloli wemoto

Ithangi likaphethiloli liyisitsha esenzelwe ngokukhethekile imodeli ethile yemoto. Kuyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lukaphethiloli. Ngaphandle kwayo, noma ngabe iyunithi yamandla isebenza kanjani, ngeke ikwazi ukusebenza. Ezimotweni ezindala, ithangi likaphethiloli laliyithangi nje elinomthamo othile.

Ezimotweni zesimanje, uhlelo lonke, olungafaka inani elikhulu lezinto ezingeziwe. Isibonelo salokhu uhlelo lwe-adsorber (funda kabanzi ngalo ngokwehlukana).

Ithangi elilodwa lanele imoto. Amaloli avame ukuba namathangi amabili kagesi. Lokhu kubangelwa hhayi kuphela ukuminza kwophiko lwamandla kagesi, kodwa futhi nesidingo sokwehlisa ukuvakasha eziteshini zikagesi, ngoba akuzona zonke iziteshi zegesi ezilungiselelwe ukusevisa izimoto ezinkulu.

Ukuqokwa

Njengoba igama liphakamisa, ingxenye yakhelwe ukugcina uphethiloli. Ngenxa yalokhu, imoto iyakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade. Ngaphezu kwale njongo enkulu, ithangi legesi linikeza isenzo esilandelayo:

1. Kuvimbela umusi kaphethiloli ukungena emvelweni. Lokhu kuvumela imoto ukuthi ihlangabezane namazinga aphezulu emvelo. Futhi, eduze kwemoto yanamuhla, noma ngabe unendawo egcwele igesi, ungezwa iphunga likaphethiloli.
2. Ukuvimbela ukuvuza kukaphethiloli ngesikhathi kusebenza imoto.

Leli thangi lenzelwe ukuthi imoto ikwazi ukuhamba cishe amakhilomitha angama-500. Njengoba injini ngayinye inokusetshenziswa kwayo, usayizi wethangi legesi uzozivumelanisa nale parameter. Uma kuqhathaniswa neyunithi yamandla kaphethiloli, injini kadizili isebenzisa uphethiloli omncane kakhulu (kuchazwa ukuthi kungani kunjalo lapha), ngakho-ke ithangi lalo lingaba lincane.

Izinhlobo zamathangi kaphethiloli

Akunandaba ukuthi hlobo luni lwethangi likaphethiloli, umsebenzi walo awushintshi: kufanele unikeze ukuphepha okuphezulu kukaphethiloli. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-hermetically seal, kepha umoya omncane awubalulekanga kangako kuwo, ngoba uphethiloli ohwamukayo uyakwazi ukukhuphula ingcindezi kulayini, okungalimaza ezinye izingxenye zohlelo lukaphethiloli wemoto.

Amathangi kagesi ahlukile komunye nomunye ezintweni zokwenziwa, ukuma nevolumu. Sizokhuluma ngezinto zokwakha kamuva. Ngokuqondene nokuma, kuncike ekwakhiweni kwemoto. Ingxenye engezansi yengxenye ezimweni eziningi ngisho, kanti ingxenye engenhla ilandela imingcele engezansi nezingxenye ezitholakala ngaphansi kwayo.

Njengoba sike saxoxa, umthamo wamathangi nawo uncike kohlobo lwezimoto nokuminza kwalo. Abenzi bezimoto ngaso sonke isikhathi balwela ukushaya ibhalansi ephelele phakathi kokusebenza kwemoto nesisindo lapho besungula amamodeli ezimoto.

Uma ithangi likaphethiloli emotweni likhulu kakhulu, lapho ithangi likaphethiloli seligcwele, imoto izosebenza sengathi ithwala isisindo esiningi ngokweqile, okuyilapho empeleni lapho ithangi likaphethiloli ligcwele. Lokhu kuthinta ngqo ukuphathwa nokusetshenziswa kwemoto (imoto elayishiwe idinga uphethiloli omningi ukuze injini iqhubeke nokuhlinzeka ngamandla adingekayo).

Sekukonke, kunezigaba ezintathu zamathangi kagesi:

1. Okwezimoto ezincane. AmaCitikar ahlala anama-ICE anamandla amancane ngevolumu encane. Imvamisa ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli nesisindo sezimoto ezinjalo kuphansi, ngakho-ke iyunithi yamandla ayidingi ukunikezwa okukhulu kukaphethiloli. Imvamisa umthamo wethangi awudluli amalitha angamashumi amathathu.
2. Okwezimoto zabagibeli. Kulokhu, ivolumu yethangi ingaba ngamalitha angama-70. Kwesinye isikhathi kunamamodeli anethangi elingu-80-litre, kepha ikakhulukazi lezi zimoto ezingaphansi kwesigqoko lapho kunemoto enevolumu ehloniphekile. Into esemqoka lapho umthamo wethangi likaphethiloli ukhethelwa khona imoto ethile ukuthi imoto izokwazi kangakanani ukumboza ngaphandle kokufaka uphethiloli (inkomba encane kufanele ibe ngamakhilomitha angama-400).
3. Okwezamaloli. Lesi yisigaba esehlukile sezokuthutha, ngoba kuya ngezimo zokusebenza (ngokwesibonelo, ukuthuthwa kwemithwalo esindayo ezifundeni zezintaba), ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kadizili walezo zimoto kungaba ngaphezulu kakhulu kunalokho okushiwo ngumkhiqizi. Ngalesi sizathu, amamodeli amaningi amaloli afakwe amathangi amabili kaphethiloli. Umthamo wabo ungaba ngamalitha angama-500.

Impahla yethangi le-Fuel

Ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokuzimela okungaphazamiseki kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ngenxa yesibekeli sophethiloli, amathangi egesi ayahluka ezintweni zokwenziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le pharamitha ayinciki kakhulu esifisweni somshayeli kodwa nasezidingweni zokuphepha zokusebenza kwezimoto.

Lezi zinto zohlelo lwamafutha zenziwa kusuka:

• Amapulasitiki. Le nto ilungele zombili izimoto zikadizili nophethiloli. Njengoba ipulasitiki ilula ukwedlula ozakwabo bensimbi, isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezimoto yesimanje. Ngesikhathi kwenziwa ingxenye, kusetshenziswa into ekhethekile engathathi hlangothi kukaphethiloli nophethiloli kadizili. Futhi, umkhiqizo ungamelana nengcindezi encane yemishini (imoto "ihlale phansi" phansi odakeni), ukuze ithangi lingalimali ngemithelela emincane, kepha uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo bensimbi efanayo, alihlali isikhathi eside.
• I-Aluminium. Le nto isetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwamathangi enzelwe izimoto, ngaphansi kwento okukhona kuyo injini kaphethiloli. Kodwa ezinye izimoto zikadizili nazo zingafakwa la mathangi kagesi. I-Aluminium ayigqoki, ngakho-ke ayidingi ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe kumswakama. Futhi ilula ukwedlula uzakwabo wensimbi. Okuwukuphela kwento ebuyayo ukukhanda okweqile okubizayo.
• Yiba. Njengoba le nsimbi inesisindo esikhulu namandla amakhulu, ukuguqulwa okunjalo kweziqukathi kuvame ukutholakala emalolini. Uma imoto ifakwe i-HBO (mayelana nokuthi iyini, funda lapha), lapho-ke ithangi lokugcina igesi lizokwenziwa ngensimbi. Isizathu ukuthi uphethiloli womshini kumele ube ethangini ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu.

Imikhiqizo yenziwa ngeshidi eliqinile lensimbi, elicutshungulwa ngokugxivizwa bese kushiselwa amalunga. Ngenxa yenani elincane lezinsika, lelo thangi lizohlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuphezulu ekuvukeni kukaphethiloli. Njengoba i-aluminium noma ipulasitiki ingenakukwazi ukumelana nengcindezi enjalo, ayisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwamathangi e-LPG.

Idivayisi yethangi likaphethiloli

Njengoba sibonile, akukho ukuma okukodwa kwethangi legesi. Konke kuncike ezakhiweni zomzimba wemoto, ikakhulukazi izakhi ezingezansi nezesakhiwo ezisendaweni engemuva ye-ekseli (esimweni sezimoto ezilula) noma phakathi kwama-asi (esimweni samaloli).

Imvamisa i-geometry yalezi zingxenye iyinkimbinkimbi impela, ngoba ingxenye engenhla yomkhiqizo kufanele iphindaphinde kahle ukwakheka kwezingxenye eziseduze. Kulokhu, ithangi kufanele libekwe ukuze lingabi ingxenye ephansi kakhulu yemoto, okungafaki ukonakala kwento lapho ishaya phansi. Indlela elula yokwakheka yingxenye yepulasitiki, yingakho ukuguqulwa okunjalo kuvame ukutholakala ezimotweni zesimanje.

Idivayisi yethangi legesi ifaka izinto ezilandelayo:

• Intamo yokugcwalisa;
• Ulayini kaphethiloli;
• Indawo yokungenisa umoya;
• Isiseyili;
• Izakhi zokulawulwa kwezinga le-Fuel;
• Amadivayisi aseduze ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lwamafutha.

Ngokuya ngemodeli yemoto, kungaba nepompo kaphethiloli (ikakhulukazi yezimoto ezijova), iflothi kanye nenzwa yezinga likaphethiloli ngaphakathi kwethangi likaphethiloli. Yize ipompo kaphethiloli kungeyona eyetanki legesi, ukwakheka kwamamodeli amaningi kusho ukufakwa kwalo mshini ngaphakathi kwawo. Uma umshini ufakwe i-adsorber (yamamodeli wesimanje, lolu hlelo luyimpoqo), khona-ke uhlelo luzohlotshaniswa nethangi lokungenisa umoya. Leli thangi lizophinde libe ne-valve ekhethekile elawula ingcindezi ukuze ibe sezingeni lomkhathi.

Ukusebenza kwepompo kaphethiloli kuholela ekutheni izinga likaphethiloli lisehla ethangini, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakheka i-vacuum. Ukube ithangi belivalwa ngofeleba, i-vacuum ebikuyo ibiyonyusa umthwalo kancane kancane kupompo kaphethiloli, bese yehluleka ngokushesha. Ukwanda kwengcindezi ethangini kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi i-valve idlulisa umoya wasemkhathini ungene ethangini lapho kuqalwa imoto.

Kodwa lapho iyunithi yamandla ingasebenzi, futhi imoto ingenzi lutho isikhathi eside, inqubo yokuhwamuka kukaphethiloli iyenzeka. Lokhu kwandisa ingcindezi ethangini. Ukuyigcina ezingeni lomkhathi, kune-valve ekhethekile. Sizokhuluma kancane kabanzi ngalolu hlelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukutholakala kwezingxenye ezithile kuya ngohlobo lwemoto. Ake sicabangele ezinye zezinto zethangi legesi ngokuningiliziwe.

Indawo yokufaka nokufakwa ngaphandle

Ithangi legesi liyichibi elivame ukufakwa ngaphansi kwangaphansi endaweni ye-ekseli yangemuva ezimotweni zabagibeli. Leli lungiselelo linciphisa umonakalo walo ngenxa yemithelela lapho imoto inqoba izingxenye ezinzima zomgwaqo ezinemigodi namabhampu (lokhu kuvame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezimbi), ngoba ingaphambili lemoto selivele lilayishwe kanzima ngenxa yenjini. Kulokhu, isitsha asibekwa eduze kwesiqu, ukuze kuthi lapho sishaya ngemuva emotweni, ukuguqulwa kwethangi noma ukonakala kwalo kungabangeli ukuqhuma ngenxa yengozi.

Ukuvikela i-elementi emzimbeni, i-automaker isebenzisa izibopho ezinde ezibopha ibhande, okukhishwa ngazo ichibi phansi kwemoto. Imvamisa, ipayipi lokukhipha lidlula eduze kwethangi legesi (kuchazwa ukuthi iyiphi uhlelo lokukhipha imoto elinayo, kuchazwa kokunye ukubuyekeza). Ukuvimbela uphethiloli ekushiseni kuwo, ipayipi lifakwa ngezinto zokwakha ezishisayo.

Intamo yokugcwalisa ifinyelela kolunye uhlangothi lomshini. Ngalokhu, umzimba wemoto unokuvuleka okuhambisanayo ne-hatch encane. Ezimotweni zesimanje, umnyango wokugcwalisa ungafakwa ngengidi engavulwa egumbini lomgibeli noma ngokhiye ohlukile.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ulayini kaphethiloli uxhunywe ethangini. Ngalayini, uphethiloli unikezwa ama-actuator, ahlanganisa uphethiloli (noma uphethiloli kadizili) nomoya bese uwunikeza kumasilinda asebenzayo ophiko lwamandla.

Ezinye izinhlobo zemoto zinokuvikelwa kwethangi legesi. Ngokuyinhloko ipuleti lensimbi. Unogada wethangi lensimbi akadingeki emotweni ejwayelekile. Ngokuyisisekelo, ukuvikelwa okunjalo kufakwa ezimotweni ezenzelwe ukushayela ezindaweni ezimbi nezindawo ezinzima zomgwaqo.

Amaloli, ithangi likaphethiloli lizotholakala ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwe-ekseli langaphambili, kepha hhayi ngaphansi kwaphansi, futhi lifakwe ohlangothini lwefreyimu. Isizathu ukuthi imvamisa izimoto ezinjalo, lapho zingena engozini, zithola ikakhulukazi ingaphambili kunokuba zilimale ngemuva. Akuvunyelwe ukushintsha indawo yethangi legesi ngenkathi kusetshenzwa.

Intamo yokugcwalisa

Njengoba igama lalesi sici lisho, lisetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa imoto ngophethiloli. Ngokuya ngemodeli yemoto, lo mgodi uzotholakala ngemuva ngemuva kwesobunxele noma kwesokudla somzimba. Kuyiqiniso, lokhu kusebenza ezimotweni ezihamba abantu. Amanye ama-minivans anentamo yokugcwalisa eduze kwe-fender yangaphambili.

Ama-automaker avamise ukufaka ithangi ukuze intamo yokugcwalisa ibe sohlangothini lomshayeli. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningi, mancane amathuba okuthi isibhamu sokugcwalisa sizohlala emotweni ngemuva kokufaka uphethiloli, futhi umshayeli onganakile uyokhohlwa ukusibuyisela kwimodyuli yokugcwalisa.

Idizayini yale nto ingahluka futhi kumamodeli wezimoto ahlukile. Ngakho-ke, kwamanye amathangi kagesi kuyingxenye yomklamo, kepha kukhona nokuguqulwa okuxhunywe ethangini elikhulu kusetshenziswa ipayipi lokugcwalisa. Ijubane lokugcwalisa lincike esigabeni sale nto.

Amathangi amaningi anamuhla afakwe izinto ezikhethekile zokuvikela ezivimbela izinto zangaphandle ukuthi zingene ethangini. Futhi, idivaysi yezinguquko zakamuva zamathangi kaphethiloli ifaka phakathi uhlelo oluvimbela ukuvuza kukaphethiloli lapho imoto igingqika (uphethiloli uyinto evuthayo, ngakho-ke, izimoto ezihamba ngalolu hlobo lukaphethiloli zinalolu hlelo).

Ngokuya ngemodeli yemoto, intamo isontekile ngesitobha, esingafakwa ngomshini wokukhiya (kuvulwa ngekhodi noma ukhiye ohlukile). Ezimotweni ezindala, le nto imane iyi-plug efakiwe. Ukuze uvikeleke kakhudlwana, intamo yokugcwalisa ivaliwe ngechashazi elincane (ngokungeziwe lenza umsebenzi wobuhle), ongavulwa kungaba nokhiye noma ngesibambo esivela egumbini labagibeli.

Imigqa ye-Fuel

Ulayini kaphethiloli usetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphethiloli ugeleza ngokukhululeka ukusuka ethangini ungene enjinini. Endaweni yokuxhuma ethangini, lo mugqa uboniswa ngamapayipi aguquguqukayo. Yize kungenzeka ukuthi alimale kakhulu kunozakwabo bensimbi, izinto eziguquguqukayo kulula ukuzifaka nokuzilungisa. Esikhaleni esisuka ethangini legesi siye kwimpompo kaphethiloli ephezulu (ukuthola eminye imininingwane mayelana nokwakheka kwayo nenqubo yokusebenza kwayo, funda ngokwehlukanaemgqeni, uphethiloli unikezwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephansi, ngakho-ke, amapayipi kaphethiloli ajwayelekile aqiniswe ngocingo anele.

Uma imoto isebenzisa uhlelo lukaphethiloli lohlobo lwebhethri (ngokwesibonelo, iCommonRail, echaziwe lapha), bese kuthi ngemuva kokumpompa uphethiloli onamandla amakhulu ipayipi liqinile, ngoba kule ngxenye uphethiloli ungaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu. Ukuze ingcindezi eyeqile ingalimazi izakhi zemoto, ujantshi ufakwa isilawuli sengcindezi (ukuthi sisebenza kanjani, funda kwesinye isihloko). Le valve ixhunywe ethangini legesi elinepayipi eliguquguqukayo. Le ngxenye kaphethiloli ibizwa ngokuthi ulayini wokubuyela emuva. Ngendlela, ezinye izinjini ze-carburetor zingaba nedivayisi efanayo.

Ukufika ekuxhumeni kukaphethiloli ethangini legesi, ezimotweni eziningi udinga ukuphakamisa usofa ongemuva (isihlalo sawo). Kukhona ukuvulwa kobuchwepheshe kwethangi ngaphansi kwalo, lapho kufakwa khona isakhiwo esinepompo kaphethiloli, isihlungi esinzima neflothi enenzwa esezingeni.

Inzwa yokulawula izinga le-Fuel ethangini

Le nto iyingxenye yesakhiwo lapho kufakwa khona iphampu kaphethiloli (kusebenza ezinjinini zikaphethiloli). Ezinjini zikadizili, iflothi enenzwa inokwakheka ngakunye, futhi zitholakala ngokwehlukana nepompo kaphethiloli. Inzwa yezinga likaphethiloli inomklamo olula. Iqukethe i-potentiometer (i-analogue encane ye-rheostat) ne-float.

Umgomo wokusebenza wedivayisi ulandelayo. Iflothi limiswe ngokuqinile endukwini ye-potentiometer. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esingenalutho esigcwele umoya, le nto ihlale iphezu kophethiloli. Oxhumana nabo besici se-elekthronikhi batholakala kolunye uhlangothi lwenduku yensimbi. Kancane kancane, izinga lethangi liyancipha, ngenxa yokuthi othintana nabo bezinzwa basondela eduze.

Ngokuya ngebanga elibekiwe, ngesikhathi esithile bayavala, bese kukhanya ilambu elisezingeni eliphansi ethangini likaphethiloli kudeshibhodi. Imvamisa le pharamitha isezingeni cishe lamalitha ama-5, kepha konke kuya ngemodeli yemoto (kwezinye izimoto, izinga kungenzeka lingehli kangako - kuze kufike kumalitha ayi-7-8, bese kuthi ukukhanya kukhanye).

Akufanele ushayele njalo ngezinga eliphansi likaphethiloli, ikakhulukazi uma kufakwa iphampu yegesi ethangini legesi. Isizathu ukuthi i-supercharger iyashisa ngenkathi isebenza, futhi ngenxa yendawo evaliwe, ukuphela kwento epholisayo ngophethiloli. Uma izinga lethangi lihlale lincane (ngamalitha ayisikhombisa, ezinye izimoto ziyakwazi ukumboza ibanga elihloniphekile - cishe i-100 km.), Kunamathuba amaningi okuthi ipompo izoshisa iphele.

Ukuze umshayeli akwazi ukubona kusengaphambili ukuthi ungakanani uphethiloli osethangini, i-rheostat ixhunywe kumcibisholo kaphethiloli kudeshibhodi. Lapho izinga likaphethiloli lehla, abanye oxhumana nabo bedivayisi bayahlukana, okunciphisa amandla ombane kusekethe kagesi yenzwa. Ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla kagesi, umcibisholo oqoqekile uyaphambuka ulibangise ekwehliseni ukufundwa.

Uhlelo lokungenisa amathangi kaphethiloli

Njengoba sekushiwo, ingcindezi ethangini likaphethiloli iyashintsha njalo. Futhi lokhu akuxhomekile ekutheni injini iyasebenza yini noma imoto imile nje. Lapho injini isebenza, izinga kulechibi liyehla, okudala isikhala kulo. Uma isiqukathi besingavalwa siqine, ngemuva kwesikhashana ipompo ibizothwala umthwalo obucayi bese yehluleka.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngemoto ende engenzi lutho, imiphunga kaphethiloli yayizonyusa kancane ingcindezi ethangini, okwakungathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuholele ekucindezelekeni. Kulokhu, umonakalo awunakubikezelwa nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngoba ithangi lizoqhuma lapho libuthaka khona, futhi ngeke kube ngumthungo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo ehlobo. Ngenxa yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, uphethiloli osethangini uyashisa futhi uhwamuke kakhulu kunasebusika.

Ukuvimbela zombili lezi zimo, amathangi kaphethiloli afakwa uhlelo lokungenisa umoya. Ezimotweni zesimanje, lolu hlelo lusebenza ngokubambisana ne-adsorber, ethatha izinhlayiya ezincane zikaphethiloli izigcine ethangini, kepha ithangi liyaqhubeka "ukuphefumula".

Kufakwa i-valve yengcindezi ukukhuphula ingcindezi ethangini. Ivula lapho kwakhiwa i-vacuum emgodini. Ngenxa yalokhu, umoya wasemkhathini ungena ngaphakathi, okusiza ukusebenza kwepompo kaphethiloli.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho imoto ifakwa uphethiloli, uphethiloli uqala ukushabalala. Ukuvimbela ithangi ekuqhumeni, linepayipi elihlukile elinikeza umoya. I-valve yamandla adonsela phansi ifakwa ekugcineni kwethubhu lokungenisa umoya. Kuvimba ukuchitheka kukaphethiloli lapho imoto igingqika.

Ezimotweni zesimanje, lolu hlelo lwethangi likaphethiloli lungafakelwa imishini eyengeziwe, ngosizo lwalo okukhona ukulawula okungcono kwengcindezi nokushisa kwemvelo yangaphakathi.

Ukungasebenzi kahle nokukhubazeka

Idizayini yethangi legesi uqobo ihlala isikhathi eside futhi ukonakala kwemikhiqizo akuvamile. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, abanye abashayeli bekufanele babhekane nokushintshwa noma ukulungiswa kwethangi likaphethiloli ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukwehla okukhulu kwamathangi kagesi kufaka okulandelayo:

• Ukugqoka okungokwemvelo kwezindonga zethangi ngenxa yemiphumela enolaka kaphethiloli. Ngokuvamile lokhu kusebenza ezitsheni zensimbi.
• Imbobo odongeni lomkhiqizo. Kwenzeka lapho ushayela budedengu emigwaqeni enzima. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho uhamba ezindaweni ezimbi ezinenani elikhulu lamatshe abukhali jikelele aphuma emhlabathini.
• Izinja. Umonakalo onjalo uvame ukwenzeka lapho phansi kushaya phansi. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokonakala kohlelo lokungenisa umoya (amafomu wokuhlanza ethangini, kepha ipompo liyaqhubeka nokubhekana nomsebenzi walo).
• Ukugqwala. Ezindaweni zomonakalo, izindonga zomkhumbi ziba mncane. Okwamanje lapho indawo eyonakele ingakwazi ukubhekana nengcindezi yomhwamuko noma i-vacuum, i-fistula iyakhiwa bese uphethiloli uqala ukuphuma. Kwezinye izimo, ukugqwala kulimaza phezulu komkhiqizo, okungelula ukuwuthola. Kodwa uma kwenzeka umonakalo onjalo, kuzohlala kunephunga likaphethiloli eduze kwemoto.
• Ukudangala kwesitsha endaweni yokunamathisela. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yesici sefektri - kungaba umthungo ongashiselwe kahle, noma iphathwe kabi nge-anti-corrosion agent (kusebenza kwimikhiqizo yensimbi).
• Ukuphuka kwentambo. Entanyeni yokugcwalisa, lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwemboni, kepha kuyaqabukela ngokweqile. Imvamisa intambo iyanqamuka lapho kufakwa khona inzwa yezinga likaphethiloli kanye nepompo kaphethiloli. Le ngxenye yemoto ayivamisile ukusetshenzwa, yingakho amabhawodi agqwala kusukela ekugugeni. Lapho ingcweti izama ukuyiqaqa ukuze ifake into ehlulekile, imvamisa imizamo emikhulu iholela ekuwohlokeni kwesithupha noma intambo yamantongomane.
• Ukugqoka kwemvelo kwezimpawu. Imvamisa, lezi zinto zifakwa esizeni sokufakwa kwesakhiwo sepompo kaphethiloli kanye nenzwa esezingeni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, impahla yenjoloba ilahlekelwa yizakhiwo zayo. Ngalesi sizathu, kunconywa ukuthi ubeke uphawu lwenjoloba lapho ulungisa iphampu kaphethiloli.

Uma kutholakala omunye womonakalo osohlwini, kunconywa ukuthi ushintshe ithangi likaphethiloli ufake elisha. Kepha ezimweni eziningi umkhiqizo ungalungiswa.

Ukulungiswa kwethangi likaphethiloli

Ithangi legesi lingalungiswa uma lingonakalanga kakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, ukusonteka akuqediwe, ngoba, kuya ngezinga lokulimala, kuthinta kuphela ivolumu yomkhumbi. Kepha lokhu kungasuswa ngokudonsa. Kwezinye izimo, izindonga azikwazi ukugoba ngaphandle kokusika. Ngemuva kokulungiswa okunjalo, i-soldering noma i-welding iyadingeka.

Akufanele uzame ukwenza lo msebenzi uwedwa, ikakhulukazi amathangi kaphethiloli. Umphunga kaphethiloli kunzima ukukhipha esitsheni. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi ngemuva kwezinqubo eziningana zokuhlanza nokumisa, ithangi lisaqhuma ngokushisa okunamandla (lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwezindonga). Ngalesi sizathu, kungcono ukushiya umsebenzi wokulungisa uchwepheshe owazi ubunzima bokulungisa umkhiqizo ukuze ulungiswe. Ngamafuphi, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukushisela kwenziwe ngethangi elingenalutho. Imvamisa igezwa kahle futhi igcwaliswe ngamanzi. Ngemuva kokuphothula umsebenzi, amanzi ayakhishwa, futhi ithangi uqobo loma kahle.

Ukulungiswa kwezimbobo kuvame ukuxazululwa ngokufaka isichibi. Abanye abashayeli basebenzisa izinto zokunamathisela ezifana nezingxenye ezimbili "zensimbi ezibandayo", kodwa lokhu sekukuhluphekeni okukhulu. Kungcono ukusebenzisa le ndlela uma umgodi wenziwe emgwaqeni, futhi nesiteshi sosizo esiseduze sisekude kakhulu.

Ungayikhetha kanjani ithangi likaphethiloli

Ukuthola ithangi elisha likaphethiloli ngokuvamile kuqondile. Njengoba lo mkhiqizo ulungiswa kumingcele yemoto, khona-ke ukusesha kufanele kwenziwe, kusukela kumodeli yokuthutha. Kulesi simo kuphela lapho kungafakwa esikhundleni esifanayo. Uma ikhodi yengxenye eseceleni yaziwa (ikhonjiswe ethangini uqobo), lokhu kuyindlela enhle yokusesha. Uma lungekho lolu lwazi, ikhodi ye-VIN iyasiza (mayelana nokuthi ikuphi nokuthi iluphi ulwazi ngemoto eliqukethe, funda lapha).

Uma usesho lwenziwa ngumthengisi wezingxenye zezimoto, kwanele ukuthi aqambe imodeli yemoto nonyaka wokwenza. Lapho ufuna ingxenye esitolo esiku-inthanethi, kungcono ukusebenzisa ikhodi yewayini nemininingwane eningiliziwe ngemoto. Kulokhu, mancane amathuba okuthenga umkhiqizo ongafanele.

Kungcono ukuthenga ithangi lokuqala likagesi. Kodwa ezinye izinkampani zithengisa ama-analogs wekhwalithi enhle. Phakathi kwezinkampani ezinjalo kukhona inkampani yaseDenmark iKlokkerholm kanye neChina brand Sailing. Ngenkathi umkhiqizi waseChina esethole idumela elibi ngekhwalithi yezingxenye zezimoto azithengisayo, lokhu akunjalo ngamathangi abo kagesi. Akufanele uthenge umkhiqizo oshibhile - ngeke ukwazi ukonga imali, ngoba ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa umkhiqizo osezingeni eliphansi uzonakala, futhi kusazodinga ukuguqulwa.

Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwensiza nenjongo elula, ithangi legesi lidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokunethezeka kwemoto. Njengezinye izinto zohlelo lwamafutha, ngaphandle kwayo, imoto ngeke ikwazi ukumboza amabanga amade.

Ekuphetheni, siphakamisa ukuthi ubuke ividiyo emfushane yokuthi ungakususa kanjani ukungcola ethangini likaphethiloli:

Ngilikhuhla kanjani ithangi likaphethiloli elingcolile kakhulu?

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Yini esethangini likaphethiloli? Kuye ngemodeli yemoto, ithangi likaphethiloli lihlanganisa: i-heater fuel diesel, ipompo likaphethiloli, inzwa yezinga likaphethiloli, isistimu ye-adsorber (iqoqa futhi ihlanza umhwamuko kaphethiloli).

Lisebenza kanjani ithange likaphethiloli lemoto? Ithangi legesi liqukethe: intamo yokugcwalisa, isitsha ngokwaso (ithangi), ishubhu lokungenisa uphethiloli, imbobo yokukhipha amanzi enepulaki, inzwa yezinga likaphethiloli, kanye neshubhu lokungenisa umoya.

Likuphi ithange likaphethiloli? Ukuma kwethangi likaphethiloli kuncike ekwakhiweni kwemoto - indawo esebenzayo kakhulu ikhethiwe. Ngokuyisisekelo, itholakala phambi komugqa ongemuva ngaphansi kwezansi.