Amabhande esihlalo semoto: ukuvikelwa kufakazelwe amashumi eminyaka

Okuqukethwe

Amaqiniso asuka emlandweni nasesimanjemanje
Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza
Izinhlobo zamabhande esihlalo esimanje
Imigomo Yokusebenzisa

Ngaphandle kwezinga eliphakeme lokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje, amabhande ezihlalo ahlala eyindlela eyinhloko yokuvikelwa komshayeli nabagibeli emotweni. Ngokulungisa ukuma komzimba ngesikhathi semithelela emibi, le divayisi ifakazelwe amashumi eminyaka ukusiza ukugwema ukulimala okubi, okuvame ukungahambisani nempilo. Ngokwezibalo, ezimeni ezingama-70%, abantu bayakwazi ukusinda ezingozini ezinkulu ngenxa yamabhande ezihlalo.

Amaqiniso asuka emlandweni nasesimanjemanje

Kukholakala ukuthi ibhande lesihlalo sokuqala lasungulwa futhi lanikezwa ilungelo lobunikazi ngo-1885 ngu-American Edward Claghorn. Ekuqaleni, le divayisi yayisetshenziselwa abagibeli abahamba ngezinqola ezivulekile. Kamuva, abaqeqeshi nabo baqala ukusebenzisa leli bhande. Kodwa-ke, embonini yezimoto, amabhande esihlalo aqala ukubonakala ngemuva kwesikhathi. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, bazama ukuwasebenzisa njengenye inketho, kepha umbono awuzange ubambe.

Ngokokuqala ngqa, iFord yaqala ukuhlomisa izimoto zayo ngamabhande esihlalo: ngo-1948, amadivayisi amasha afakwa ezinhlotsheni eziningana zalolu hlobo ngasikhathi sinye.

Ngendlela yabo yesimanje, amabhande esihlalo avele ezimotweni ngo-1959 kuphela, lapho ukukhathazeka kweSweden iVolvo kuqala ukuwafaka.

Ezimotweni zesimanje, amabhande ezihlalo ayingxenye ebalulekile. Ngenkathi ushayela, kuyadingeka ukuziqinisa hhayi kumshayeli kuphela, kepha nakubo bonke abagibeli emotweni. Uma lo mthetho wephulwa, umshayeli uzohlawuliswa ama-ruble ayi-1 000 (ngokususelwa kusigatshana esingu-12.6 seKhodi Yokuphathwa Kwezokuphatha YaseRussia).

Kodwa-ke, akuyona inhlawulo yemali nhlobo, kepha ukukhathalela ukuphepha kwabo kuphoqa abashayeli nabagibeli ukuthi basebenzise into yokuphepha engenziwanga okufakazelwe iminyaka. Uma kwenzeka kushayisana ingaphambili, amabhande avimbela ukuthi kungenzeka:

ukuhamba ngefasitela langaphambili lomoya;
ukushaya isiteringi, ideshibhodi, noma izihlalo zangaphambili.

Imithelela emibi eseceleni ingadala ukuthi umshini ugingqike. Kunezimo lapho abantu abangaqinanga bendiza baphuma ngamawindi asemaceleni, base becindezelwa isidumbu semoto. Uma amabhande esihlalo esetshenziswa njengoba kuhlosiwe, lesi simo ngeke senzeke.

Noma yini engavikelekile egumbini lomgibeli iyingozi yokushayisana kwabanye abagibeli. Abantu nezilwane ezifuywayo akuzona ezehlukile.

Idivayisi nenqubo yokusebenza

Uma uthi nhlá, ukwakhiwa kwebhande kungabonakala kulula kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, umshini wamabhande wanamuhla uhlanganisa uhlu olukhulu kakhulu lwezinto, kufaka phakathi:

itheyiphu yokuqina (eyenziwe ngemicu ye-polyester enamandla kakhulu engakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo esindayo);
iziqobosho (ezivame ukufakwa ezintweni zomzimba ukuze zizinze ngokwengeziwe, ngaphandle kwezimoto ezinamabhande amaphoyinti amane nanhlanu ananyathiselwe esihlalweni);
ibhande bopha (ihlinzeka detachable ukuqinisa iphuzu, lapho kungenzeka ukuba kube lula izintambo);
amakhoyili we-inertial (abhekele ukungezwani okulungile kwe-tape tape nokusonga kwayo lapho uqaqa);
imikhawulo (ikuvumela ukuthi ukhulise kahle ubude bebhande ukuze ucime amandla futhi wandise ukuphepha ngesikhathi sengozi);
ama-pretensioners (aqalwe ngesikhathi somthelela, aqinisa ngokushesha ibhande futhi avimbele ukushesha komzimba).

Uhlu oluphelele lwezinto luxhomeke kumshini webhande. Sekukonke, kunemigomo emithathu yokusebenza kwedivayisi:

Indlela eqinile. Lolu hlobo lokwakha seluphelelwe isikhathi futhi alusetshenziswa ezimotweni zesimanje. Iteyipu inobude obuthile ongabuguqula ngokwenza. Ngenxa yokungalandelwa kwezindinganiso zokuphepha, amabhande alolu hlobo awasasebenzi.
Indlela enamandla. Amabhande anjalo angakhula futhi aphumule ngokulinganayo lapho umuntu ehamba. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokubamba kanzima, isamba senziwa, ngenxa yokuthi ibhande licindezela umzimba ngokuqinile esihlalweni semoto, kugcina umshayeli noma umgibeli emile.
Indlela ehamba phambili. Inketho ethembeke kakhulu futhi yesimanje ehambisana nezinye izinhlelo zokuphepha kwezimoto. Uma izinzwa ezikhethekile emotweni zibona ukuthi kungenzeka kube nesimo esiyingozi, i-elekthronikhi iyaqinisa amabhande kusengaphambili. Lapho ingozi isidlulile, itheyiphu ibuyela endaweni yayo ejwayelekile.

Izinhlobo zamabhande esihlalo esimanje

Ngenkathi amabhande okuphepha eqala ukwethulwa embonini yezimoto, abakhiqizi baqala ukunikela ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zalawa madivayisi. Ngenxa yalokho, imikhakha eminingana yamabhande ingatholakala ezimotweni zesimanje:

Amabhande amaphoyinti amabili ayindlela engasasebenzi. Izinto ezinjalo zivame kakhulu emabhasini abagibeli nasezindizeni. Kwesinye isikhathi amabhande amaphoyinti amabili afakwa ezihlalweni ezingemuva zezimoto zomgibeli ohleli phakathi.
Ibhande lamaphuzu amathathu liyindlela ejwayelekile kubanikazi bezimoto abaningi. Kubizwa nangokuthi ibhande elidayayo. Ifaka ukuzilungiselela okunokwethenjelwa futhi iyindawo yonke (ilungele zombili irowu ngaphambili nangemuva kwezihlalo kunoma iyiphi imoto).
Amabhande amaphoyinti amane awasetshenziswa kabanzi. Esikhathini esiningi asetshenziswa ezimotweni zemidlalo, okokusebenza okukhethekile, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izimoto ezingekho emgwaqeni. Ibhande linamathela esihlalweni ngamaphuzu amane, livimba umuntu ukuthi angawi noma ashaye kanzima.
Amabhande amaphoyinti amahlanu asetshenziswa kuphela kuma-supercars abizayo, kanye nasekwakhiweni kwezithiyo zezingane. Ngaphezu kokuzibophezela ehlombe nasesinqeni, kufakwe enye ibhande phakathi kwemilenze yomgibeli.

Imigomo Yokusebenzisa

Ukusebenzisa ibhande lesihlalo kulula futhi kulula ngangokunokwenzeka kumshayeli nabagibeli. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nale divayisi elula inemithetho yayo kanye nama-nuances wokusebenza.

Ukubheka ukuthi ibhande lesihlalo liqinile ngokwanele yini, faka isandla sakho phakathi kwebhande lebhande nomzimba wakho. Uma kukhona ukuminyaniswa okubonakalayo esandleni, kusho ukuthi welulwa ngezinga elifanele.
Musa ukusonta iteyipu. Ngaphezu kokuphazamiseka okusobala, ukusebenza okunjalo kwebhande ngeke kulinikeze ukungezwani okufanele ngesikhathi esiphuthumayo.
Uma imoto yathunyelwa ukuyolungiswa ngemuva kwengozi enkulu, cela ongoti bezinsizakalo ukuthi banake amabhande ezihlalo. Ngenxa yengxabano eqinile nebukhali, amabhande angalahlekelwa amandla awo. Kungenzeka ukuthi zidinga ukushintshwa, futhi nokuhlola ukuthembeka kokubopha kwazo zonke izinto zedivayisi.
Ukufakwa kwamabhande esihlalo kunconyiwe futhi ngesikhathi sokushayela ngaphandle kwengozi ngezikhathi zeminyaka engu-5-10 ngenxa yokuwohloka kwemvelo.

Abashayeli abaningi bazama ukuxegisa ibhande ukuze lingathiye ukunyakaza. Kodwa-ke, ukungezwani okuphansi okungenangqondo kunciphisa kakhulu umphumela wokubhaka wedivayisi, ngenxa yokuthi ukusebenza kwawo kuncishiswe kakhulu.

Lezi zibalo zithi: uma umuntu engasinaki isidingo sokusebenzisa ibhande lesihlalo emotweni, lapho kwenzeka ingozi, ingozi yokulimala kanzima izokwanda: