Luyini uhlelo lokufaka izihlalo ze-ISOFIX

Noma iyiphi imoto yesimanje, ngisho nomele isigaba sesabelomali kakhulu, kumele kuqala iphephe. Kuze kube manje, abakhiqizi bezimoto bahlomisa wonke amamodeli abo ngezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene nezinto ezihlinzeka ukuphepha okusebenzayo nokwenziwa kwabo bonke abagibeli abasekhabini phakathi nohambo. Uhlu lwezinto ezinjalo lufaka ama-airbag (ngemininingwane ngohlobo lwawo nomsebenzi, funda lapha), izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zokuqinisa imoto ngesikhathi sohambo, njalonjalo.

Izingane zivame ukuba phakathi kwabagibeli emotweni. Umthetho wamazwe amaningi emhlabeni uphoqelela abashayeli ukuba bahlomise izimoto zabo ngezihlalo ezikhethekile zezingane eziqinisekisa ukuphepha ezinganeni. Isizathu ukuthi ibhande lesihlalo elijwayelekile lenzelwe ukuvikela umuntu omdala, kanti kulokhu ingane ayivikelwe ngisho nokuvikela, kepha kunalokho, isengozini enkulu. Njalo ngonyaka, amacala ayabhalwa lapho ingane ilimala ezingozini zomgwaqo ezincane, ngoba ukulungiswa kwayo esihlalweni kwenziwa ngokwephula izidingo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezingane phakathi nohambo, kwenziwe izinguquko ezahlukahlukene zezihlalo ezikhethekile zezimoto, ezenzelwe ukuhambisa kahle abagibeli abangaphansi kweminyaka evunyelwe noma ukuphakama. Kepha into eyengeziwe akumele ithengwe kuphela, kepha futhi ifakwe kahle. Imodeli ngayinye yesihlalo semoto inentaba yayo. Enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu uhlelo lwe-Isofix.

Ake sicabangele ukuthi yini eyingqayizivele yalolu hlelo, lapho isihlalo esinjalo kufanele sifakwe khona futhi yiziphi izinzuzo nezinkinga zalesi simiso.

 Yini i-Isofix emotweni

I-Isofix uhlelo lokulungiswa kwesihlalo sezingane esizuze ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabashayeli abaningi. Okucacile ngakho ukuthi ingasetshenziswa noma ngabe isihlalo sengane sinenketho ehlukile yokulungisa. Isibonelo, ingaba nohlelo:

• I-Latch;
• I-V-Tether;
• X-ukulungisa;
• Okuphezulu kweTether;
• Isihlalo sefix.

Naphezu kwalokhu okuguquguqukayo, uhlobo lokugcina lwe-Isofix lunezici zalo. Kepha ngaphambi kokuba sibabheke, kuyadingeka ukuthola ukuthi iziqeshana zezihlalo zemoto zezingane zavela kanjani.

 Emuva ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, inhlangano ye-ISO (echaza amazinga ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo zezimoto) yakha indinganiso ebumbene yokulungisa izihlalo zezimoto zohlobo lwe-Isofix. Ngo-1995, leli zinga lacaciswa emithethweni ye-ECE R-44. Ngemuva konyaka, ngokuya ngalezi zindinganiso, wonke umenzi wezimoto waseYurophu noma inkampani ekhiqiza izimoto ezizothunyelwa eYurophu kwakudingeka zenze ushintsho oluthile ekwakhiweni kwamamodeli wazo. Ngokuyinhloko, umzimba wemoto kufanele unikeze ukuma okungaguquki nokulungiswa kubakaki lapho kungaxhunywa khona isihlalo sengane.

Ngaphambi kwaleli zinga le-ISO FIX (noma i-fixation standard), umenzi wezimoto ngamunye wayesungule izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zokulingana isihlalo sengane phezu kwesihlalo esijwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakunzima kubanikazi bezimoto ukuthola okwangempela kubathengisi bezimoto, ngoba kwakukhona izinhlobo eziningi zokulungiswa. Eqinisweni, i-Isofix iyindinganiso efanayo yazo zonke izihlalo zezingane.

Isofix ukukhweza indawo emotweni

Ukukhweza kwalolu hlobo, ngokuya ngezindinganiso zaseYurophu, kufanele kubekwe endaweni lapho i-backrest ihamba kahle esihlalweni sangemuva sesihlalo. Kungani kahle umugqa ongemuva? Kulula kakhulu - kulokhu, kulula kakhulu ukulungisa ukukhiya kwengane emzimbeni wemoto. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kwezinye izimoto, abakhiqizi banikeza amakhasimende imikhiqizo yabo ngabakaki be-Isofix futhi esihlalweni sangaphambili, kepha lokhu akuhambisani ngokuphelele nezinga laseYurophu, ngoba lolu hlelo kufanele lunamathele emzimbeni wemoto, hhayi esakhiweni se- isihlalo esikhulu.

Ngokubukeka, intaba ibukeka njengabakaki ababili abalungiswe ngokuqinile engxenyeni engezansi ngemuva ngemuva kukasofa ongemuva. Ububanzi obukhuphukayo bujwayelekile kuzo zonke izihlalo zemoto. Ubakaki ohoxekayo unanyathiselwe kubakaki, otholakala ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezihlalo zezingane ezinalolu hlelo. Lesi sici siboniswa ngokuqoshwa kwegama elifanayo, ngenhla lapho kukhona khona imbeleko yengane. Imvamisa la mabakaki afihliwe, kepha kulokhu, i-automaker isebenzisa amalebula anamagama akhethekile athungelwe ekwakhiweni kwezihlalo endaweni lapho kuzofakwa khona, noma ama-plugs amancane.

Ubakaki wokugadla kanye nobakaki wesihlalo ungatholakala phakathi komcamelo nangemuva kosofa ongemuva (ekujuleni kokuvula). Kepha kunezinhlobo zokufaka ezivulekile. Umkhiqizi wazisa umnikazi wemoto ngobukhona bokubopha okufihliwe kohlobo okukhulunywa ngalo ngosizo lombhalo okhethekile nemidwebo engenziwa endaweni yokufihla izihlalo endaweni lapho ukufakwa kuzokwenziwa khona.

Kusukela ngo-2011, le mishini ibiphoqelekile kuzo zonke izimoto eziqhutshwa e-European Union. Ngisho amamodeli zakamuva sha Vaz nazo ifakwe uhlelo efanayo. Izinhlobo eziningi zezimoto zezizukulwane zakamuva zinikezwa abathengi abanamazinga ahlukene we-trim, kepha iningi labo isisekelo sesivele sisho ubukhona bezintaba zezihlalo zezimoto zezingane.

Kuthiwani uma ungatholanga ukukhweza kwe-Isofix emotweni yakho?

Abanye abashayeli babhekene nesimo esifanayo. Isibonelo, kusofa ongemuva kungakhonjiswa ukuthi isihlalo sengane singaxhunywa kule ndawo, kepha akunakwenzeka ukuthola ubakaki kungaba ngokubuka noma ngokuthinta. Lokhu kungenzeka, ingaphakathi lemoto nje lingaba nezinto zokuphotha ezijwayelekile, kepha kulokhu kulungiswa, intaba ayinikezwanga. Ukufaka lezi ziqeshana, udinga ukuxhumana nesikhungo sakho somthengisi bese u-oda ukukhweza kwe-Isofix. Njengoba uhlelo lusabalele, ukulethwa nokufakwa kuyashesha.

Kodwa uma umenzi enganikezi ukufakwa kohlelo lwe-Isofix, ngeke kwenzeke lokhu ngokuzimela ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukwakheka kwemoto. Ngalesi sizathu, ezimweni ezinjalo, kungcono ukufaka i-analogue esebenzisa amabhande esihlalo ajwayelekile nezinye izinto ezengeziwe eziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kwesihlalo semoto yengane.

Izici zokusetshenziswa kwe-Isofix ngamaqembu eminyaka yobudala

Isihlalo semoto yengane seqembu ngalinye leminyaka yobudala sinezici zaso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umehluko phakathi kwezinketho awugcini nje ekwakhiweni kohlaka, kodwa futhi nasendleleni yokubopha. Kwezinye izimo, kusetshenziswa kuphela ibhande lesihlalo elijwayelekile, okuhlala kulo isihlalo uqobo. Ingane ibanjwe kuyo ngebhande elengeziwe elifakwe ekwakhiweni kwedivayisi.

Kukhona nokuguqulwa okunesihenqo kubakaki. Ihlinzeka ngokuqina okuqinile kubakaki ngamunye ngaphansi kwesihlalo emuva. Ezinye izinketho zinezibopho ezengeziwe njengokugcizelelwa phansi kwegumbi lomgibeli noma ihange elivikela uhlangothi lwesihlalo olubhekene nobakaki. Sizobheka lezi zinguquko kamuva, nokuthi kungani zidingeka.

Amaqembu "0", "0+", "1"

Isigaba ngasinye sabakaki kufanele sikwazi ukuxhasa isisindo esithile sengane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le yipharamitha eyisisekelo. Isizathu ukuthi lapho kuthinteka umthelela, ukubekiswa esihlalweni kufanele kumelane nomthwalo omkhulu. Ngenxa yamandla angenawo amandla, isisindo somgibeli sihlala sikhula kakhulu, ngakho-ke ingidi kufanele ithembeke.

Iqembu le-Isofix 0, 0+ no-1 lenzelwe ukuhambisa ingane enesisindo esingaphansi kwamakhilogremu ayi-18. Kepha ngayinye yazo inokulinganiselwa kwayo. Ngakho-ke, uma ingane isisindo esingaba ngu-15 kg, isihlalo esivela eqenjini 1 (kusuka ku-9 kuye ku-18 kilograms) siyadingeka kuye. Imikhiqizo efakwe kusigaba 0+ yenzelwe ukuthutha izingane ezinesisindo esifinyelela kumakhilogremu ayi-13.

Amaqembu ezihlalo zemoto u-0 no-0 + enzelwe ukufakelwa ukunyakaza kwemoto. Abanazo izibopho ze-Isofix. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isisekelo esikhethekile sisetshenziswa, ekuklanyweni kwazo kukhona izihlanganisi ezifanelekile. Ukuze uvikele i-carrycot, kufanele usebenzise amabhande esihlalo ajwayelekile. Ukulandelana kokufakwa komkhiqizo kuboniswe kumanuwali yokufunda yemodeli ngayinye. Isisekelo uqobo silungiswe ngokuqinile, futhi imbeleko idilizwa entabeni yayo ye-Isofix. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kulula - awudingi ukuyilungisa kusofa ongemuva njalo, kepha le modeli iyabiza impela. Okunye okungahambi kahle ukuthi ezimweni eziningi isisekelo asihambisani nokunye ukulungiswa kwesihlalo.

Amamodeli eqenjini 1 anama-brackets ahambisana nawo e-Isofix, abekwe kubakaki abenzelwe le nhloso. Ubakaki ugibele phansi kwesihlalo sengane, kepha kukhona amamodeli afakwe isisekelo sawo esikhiphekayo.

Okunye ukuguqulwa kunguhlobo oluhlanganisiwe oluhlanganisa izikhundla zezingane zamaqembu angu-0 + no-1. Izihlalo ezinjalo zingafakwa zombili lapho kuhamba khona imoto futhi ziphikisana nayo. Kulokhu, kunesitsha sokujikajika esikhona ukushintsha indawo yengane.

Amaqembu "2", "3"

Izihlalo zezimoto zezingane ezikuleli qembu zenzelwe ukuhambisa izingane ezisukela eminyakeni emithathu ubudala nangaphezulu, isisindo sazo esifinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-36. Ukuqina kwe-Isofix ezihlalweni ezinjalo kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengesilungisi esingeziwe. Ku- "form pure" i-Isofix ayikho kulezi zihlalo. Esikhundleni salokho, ngokwesisekelo sayo, kunabalingani bayo abanamuhla. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa zalokho abakhiqizi abakubiza ngalezi zinhlelo:

• I-Kidfix;
• I-Smartfix;
• I-Isofit.

Njengoba isisindo sengane singaphezu kobakaki ojwayelekile ongamelana naso, amasistimu anjalo afakwe okhiye abengeziwe ukuvimbela ukuhamba kwamahhala kwesihlalo esizungeze igumbi.

Emiklamweni enjalo, kusetshenziswa amabhande amaphoyinti amathathu, futhi isihlalo uqobo sikwazi ukunyakaza kancane ukuze ibhande lokukhiya libangelwe ukunyakaza kwesihlalo, hhayi ingane ekuso. Njengoba kunikezwe lesi sici, izinhlobo ezinjalo zezihlalo azikwazi ukusetshenziswa nohlobo lwe-anchor fixation noma ukugcizelelwa phansi.

I-Anchor strap kanye ne-telescopic stop

Isihlalo sengane esijwayelekile simiswe ezindaweni ezimbili ku-eksisi efanayo. Ngenxa yalokho, le ngxenye yesakhiwo ekushayisaneni (imvamisa ingumthelela wangaphambili, ngoba okwamanje isihlalo sithambekele kakhulu ukundiza siye phambili) sibhekene nomthwalo omkhulu. Lokhu kungenza ukuthi isihlalo sitsheke phambili futhi siphule ubakaki noma ubakaki.

Ngalesi sizathu, abenzi bezihlalo zezimoto zezingane banikeze amamodeli anephuzu lesithathu le-pivot. Lokhu kungaba yibhodi lezinyawo le-telescopic noma i-anchor strap. Ake sicabangele ukuthi yini okukhethekile kokunye kwalokhu kuguqulwa.

Njengoba igama liphakamisa, idizayini yokusekelwa ihlinzeka ngebhodi lezinyawo le-telescopic elingalungiswa ngobude. Ngenxa yalokhu, idivayisi ingashintshwa kunoma iyiphi imoto. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ithubhu ye-telescopic (uhlobo olungenalutho, equkethe amashubhu amabili afakiwe komunye nomunye kanye nesibambiso esigcwaliswe entwasahlobo) igxumagxuma phansi kwegumbi lomgibeli, kuthi ngakolunye uhlangothi, inamathiselwe phansi kwesihlalo endaweni iphuzu elengeziwe. Lesi sitobhi sinciphisa umthwalo kubakaki nakubakaki ngesikhathi sokushayisana.

Ibhande lohlobo lwehange liyinto eyengeziwe enamathiselwe engxenyeni engenhla engemuva kwesihlalo sengane, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi nge-carabiner noma kubakaki okhethekile otholakala esiqwini noma ngemuva ngemuva usofa. Ukulungisa ingxenye engenhla yesihlalo semoto kuvimbela isakhiwo sonke ukuthi sinqekuzise ikhanda kakhulu, okungadala ukuthi ingane ilimale intamo. Ukuvikelwa kweWhiplash kunikezwa yimigoqo yekhanda ngemuva, kepha kufanele ilungiswe kahle. Funda kabanzi ngalokhu. kwesinye isihloko.

Ezinhlobonhlobo zezihlalo zezimoto zezingane ezine-isofix fastening, kunezinketho ezinjalo, ukusebenza kwazo kuvunyelwe ngaphandle kwephuzu lesithathu lehange. Kulokhu, ubakaki wedivayisi uyakwazi ukuhamba kancane, ngaleyo ndlela akhokhele umthwalo ngesikhathi sengozi. Okuhlukile kwalezi zinhlobo ukuthi azikho emhlabeni jikelele. Lapho ukhetha isihlalo esisha, udinga ukubheka ongoti ukuthi ilungele imoto ethile yini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuchazwa kanjani ukuthi ungasifaka kanjani kahle isihlalo semoto yengane kokunye ukubuyekeza.

Isofix mount analogs

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, intaba ye-isofix ihlangabezana nezinga elijwayelekile lokuthola izihlalo zezimoto zezingane ezaqala ukusebenza eminyakeni yama-90s. Naphezu kokuguquguquka kwayo, lolu hlelo lunezimpawu eziningana. Enye yazo yiLatch yokuthuthukisa yaseMelika. Ngokwesakhiwo, lawa mabakaki afanayo ahlanganiswe nomzimba wemoto. Izihlalo kuphela ezinalolu hlelo azifakwanga nabakaki, kepha ngamabhande amafushane, ekugcineni kwawo kukhona ama-carabiners akhethekile. Ngosizo lwala ma-carabiner, isihlalo simiswe kubakaki.

Umehluko kuphela phakathi kwale nketho ukuthi ayinakho ukuhlangana okuqinile nomzimba wemoto, njengoba kunjalo nge-isofix. Ngasikhathi sinye, lesi sici siyinkinga enkulu yalolu hlobo lwedivayisi. Inkinga ukuthi ngenxa yengozi, ingane kufanele ilungiswe kahle endaweni. Uhlelo lweLatch alunikezi leli thuba, njengoba kusetshenziswa ibhande eliguquguqukayo esikhundleni sebakaki eliqinile. Ngenxa yokuhamba kwamahhala kwesihlalo egumbini lomgibeli, ingane kungenzeka ukuthi ilimale ekushayweni kohlangothi.

Uma imoto iba nengozi encane, khona-ke ukunyakaza kwamahhala kwesihlalo semoto engaguquki kunxephezela umthwalo wokusheshisa, futhi ngesikhathi sokusebenza idivayisi ilula kakhulu kunezifana nohlelo lwe-Isofix.

Enye i-analogue ehambisana nabakaki abenzelwe ukuxhuma izihlalo kubakaki be-isofix uhlelo lwe-American Canfix noma lwe-UAS. Lezi zihlalo zemoto nazo zifakwe kubakaki ngaphansi ngemuva kukasofa, kuphela azilungisiwe ngokuqinile.

Iyiphi indawo ephephe kunazo zonke emotweni?

Akunakwenzeka ukulungisa amaphutha ekusebenzeni kwezihlalo zezimoto zezingane. Imvamisa ubudedengu bomshayeli kulokhu kuholela ezingozini ezimbi. Ngalesi sizathu, wonke umshayeli oshayela ingane emotweni yakhe kufanele aqaphele ngokweqile ukuthi imaphi amadivayisi awasebenzisayo. Kepha indawo yesihlalo semoto ibaluleke ngendlela efanayo.

Yize kungekho mthetho onzima futhi osheshayo phakathi kochwepheshe ngalolu daba, ngaphambi kokuthi iningi labo livume ukuthi indawo ephephe kunazo zonke ingemuva komshayeli. Lokhu kudalwe umuzwa wokuzivikela. Lapho umshayeli ezithola esesimweni esiphuthumayo, uvamise ukuyilawula ukuze iqhubeke iphila.

Indawo eyingozi kakhulu emotweni, ngokuya ngocwaningo lwenkampani yangaphandle iPediatrics, isihlalo sangaphambili sabagibeli. Lesi siphetho senziwe ngemuva kocwaningo lwezingozi zomgwaqo ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, ngenxa yalokho okungaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-50 ezingane ezalimala noma zashona, obekungagwenywa ukube ingane ibikade isihleli ngemuva. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokulimala okuningi bekungekhona ukushayisana uqobo, kepha ukuthunyelwa kwesikhwama somoya. Uma isihlalo semoto sezinsana sifakwe esihlalweni sabagibeli ngaphambili, kuyadingeka ukukhubaza umcamelo ohambisanayo, okungenzeki kwezinye izinhlobo zemoto.

Muva nje, abacwaningi abavela eNew York State eyunivesithi ehamba phambili yaseMelika benze ucwaningo olufanayo. Ngenxa yokuhlaziywa kweminyaka emithathu, kwenziwa isiphetho esilandelayo. Uma siqhathanisa isihlalo sabagibeli ngaphambili nosofa ongemuva, khona-ke izihlalo zomugqa wesibili zaziphephe ngamaphesenti angama-60-86. Kepha indawo emaphakathi icishe yaphepha ikota kunezihlalo ezisemaceleni. Isizathu ukuthi kuleli cala ingane ivikelekile kwimithelela emibi.

Ubuhle nobubi be-Isofix mount

Impela, uma kuhlelwe ukuthwala umgibeli omncane emotweni, umshayeli uphoqelekile ukuthi anakekele ukuphepha kwakhe. Lo muntu omdala angafaka izandla zakhe phambili, abalekele noma abambe isibambo, futhi noma kunjalo, ezimweni eziphuthumayo, akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuzivikela. Ingane encane ayinakho ukusabela okunjalo namandla okuhlala endaweni. Ngalezi zizathu, isidingo sokuthenga izihlalo zezimoto zezingane kumele sithathwe ngokungathi sína.

Uhlelo lwe-isofix lunezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

1. Ubakaki esihlalweni sengane nakubakaki emzimbeni wemoto banikeza ukuhlangana okuqinile, ngenxa yokuthi isakhiwo sicishe sibe yi-monolithic, njengesihlalo esijwayelekile;
2. Ukunamathisela izintaba kuyinto enembile;
3. Umthelela ohlangothini awucasuli isihlalo ukuthi uzungeze ikhabethe;
4. Ihambisana nezidingo zesimanje zokuphepha kwezimoto.

Ngaphandle kwalezi zinzuzo, lolu hlelo lunezinkinga ezincane (azikwazi ukubizwa ngokungalungile, ngoba lokhu akulona iphutha ohlelweni, ngenxa yalokho umuntu angakhetha i-analogue):

1. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlelo, izihlalo ezinjalo zibiza kakhulu (ububanzi buya ngohlobo lokwakha);
2. Ayikwazi ukufakwa emshinini ongenabakaki bokufaka;
3. Ezinye izinhlobo zemoto zenzelwe uhlelo olwehlukile, olungase luhlangabezane namazinga we-Isofix ngokwendlela yokulungisa.

Ngakho-ke, uma ukwakheka kwemoto kuhlinzekela ukufakwa kwesihlalo sezingane se-Isofix, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuthenga ukuguqulwa okuhambisana nendawo yabakaki emzimbeni. Uma kungenzeka ukusebenzisa uhlobo lwehange lezihlalo, kungcono ukuzisebenzisa, njengoba kulungiswe ngokuvikeleke kakhulu.

Lapho ukhetha imodeli yesihlalo, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izohambisana nohlobo oluthile lwemoto. Njengoba izingane zikhula ngokushesha, ngokombono osebenzayo, kungcono ukuhlinzeka ngamathuba wokufaka ukuguqulwa kwendawo yonke noma ukusebenzisa izigaba ezahlukahlukene zezihlalo. Ukuphepha emgwaqeni, ikakhulukazi abagibeli bakho, kubaluleke kakhulu kunokufika ngesikhathi lapho uya khona.

Ekuphetheni, sinikeza ividiyo emfushane yokuthi ungazifaka kanjani izihlalo zezingane ngohlelo lwe-Isofix:

Imiyalo elula yevidiyo yokuthi ungasifaka kanjani isihlalo semoto ngohlelo lwe-isofix ISOFIX.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Yikuphi ukubopha okungcono kune-isofix noma amabhande? I-Isofix ingcono ngoba ivimbela ukunyakaza okungalawuleki kwesitulo ngesikhathi sengozi. Ngosizo lwayo, isihlalo sifakwe ngokushesha okukhulu.

Kuyini ukukhweza kwemoto ye-isofix? Lesi isibambiso lapho isihlalo semoto yengane silungiswa ngokuphephile. Ukuba khona kwalolu hlobo lokunamathiselwe kufakazelwa amalebula akhethekile endaweni yokufaka.

Ungayifaka kanjani i-isofix emotweni? Uma umkhiqizi engazange ayinikeze emotweni, ukungenelela ekwakhiweni kwemoto kuyodingeka (amabakaki okubopha ahlanganiswe ngqo engxenyeni yomzimba wemoto).