Inhloko eyisilinda: okubaluleke kakhulu ngesakhiwo, ukusebenza kanye nokungasebenzi kahle

Kusukela kwasungulwa injini yokuqala yomlilo yangaphakathi, iyunithi yenze izinguquko eziningi. Kwengezwe izindlela ezintsha kudivayisi yayo, yanikezwa umumo ohlukile, kepha ezinye izinto zahlala zingashintshiwe.

Futhi enye yalezi zinto iyinhloko yesilinda. Kuyini, ungayisebenzisa kanjani ingxenye nokuwohloka okukhulu. Konke lokhu sizokucwaninga kulesi sibuyekezo.

Yini ikhanda lesilinda emotweni ngamagama alula

Ikhanda liyingxenye yesakhiwo seyunithi yamandla omshini. Ifakwe ngaphezulu kwebhokisi lesilinda. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina kokuxhuma phakathi kwalezi zingxenye ezimbili, i-bolting isetshenziswa, bese kufakwa i-gasket phakathi kwazo.

Le ngxenye ihlanganisa amasilinda ebhulokhi njengesembozo. Okokusebenza kwe-gasket kusetshenziselwa ukuthi uketshezi lobuchwepheshe lungavuzi lapho kuhlangana khona futhi namagesi asebenzayo enjini (ingxube yomoya kaphethiloli noma amagesi wokunweba akhiwe ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kweMTC) angaphunyuki.

Idizayini yekhanda lesilinda ikuvumela ukuthi ufake ngaphakathi kwendlela ebhekele ukwakheka kwe-VTS kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-oda nesikhathi sokuvula ama-valve wokufaka nawokukhipha. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi ibhande lesikhathi.

Likuphi ikhanda lesilinda

Uma uphakamisa isigqoko, ungabona ngokushesha ikhava yeplastiki egumbini lenjini. Imvamisa, ukwakheka kwayo kufaka ukufakwa komoya kwesihlungi somoya kanye nemodyuli yesihlungi uqobo. Ukususa ikhava kuvula ukufinyelela kwenjini.

Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela ukuthi izimoto zesimanje zingafakwa okunamathiselwe okuhlukile. Ukuze ufike emotweni, udinga ukunqamula lezi zinto. Isakhiwo esikhulu kunazo zonke yimoto. Ngokuya ngokuguqulwa, iyunithi ingaba nelungiselelo le-longitudinal noma elijikayo. Kuya ngedrayivu - yangemuva noma ngaphambili, ngokulandelana.

Isembozo sensimbi sifakwa phezulu enjini. Okungajwayelekile kakhulu ukuguqulwa okukhethekile kwezinjini - umshayisibhakela noma njengoba kubizwa nangokuthi "umshayisibhakela". Kulokhu, ihlala endaweni evundlile, futhi ikhanda ngeke libe ngaphezulu, kodwa ohlangothini. Izinjini ezinjalo ngeke sizicabangele, ngoba labo abanamandla okuthenga imoto enjalo abahlanganyeli ekulungisweni okwenziwa ngezandla, kodwa bathanda insizakalo.

Ngakho-ke, engxenyeni engenhla yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi kunesembozo se-valve. Imiswe ekhanda bese ivala indlela yokusabalalisa igesi. Ingxenye etholakala phakathi kwalesi sembozo nengxenye enkulu kakhulu yenjini (ibhlokhi) ilona kanye ikhanda lesilinda.

Inhloso yekhanda lesilinda

Kunemigodi eminingi yezobuchwepheshe nezimbobo ekhanda, ngenxa yalokho ingxenye yenza imisebenzi eminingi ehlukahlukene:

• Ehlangothini lekhava eliconsile, izifaki zenzelwe ukufaka i-camshaft (funda ngenhloso nangezici zalesi sici ngokubuyekezwa okuhlukile). Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kahle kwezigaba zesikhathi ngokuya ngesifo sohlangothi esenziwa yipiston kusilinda esithile;
• Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhanda lineziteshi zokungenisa nokukhipha izinqwaba, ezibekelwe ingxenye enamantongomane nezikhonkwane;
• Izimbobo zenziwa kuwo. Amanye enzelwe ukubophela i-elementi, amanye afaka ama-valve wokungena nawokukhipha. Kukhona nemithombo yamakhandlela okufakwa kuyo amakhandlela (uma injini ingudizili, khona-ke amapulaki akhanyayo afakwa kule mingxuma, futhi kwenziwa olunye uhlobo lwemigodi eceleni kwawo - ngokufaka ama-injector fuel);
• Ehlangothini lwe-cylinder block, kwenziwa ikhefu endaweni engxenyeni engenhla yesilinda ngayinye. Enjini ebuthene, lo mgodi uyigumbi lapho umoya uxubene khona nophethiloli (ukuguqulwa komjovo oqondile, kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezinjini i-VTS yakhiwa ngobuningi bokudla, obumiswe nasekhanda) futhi umlilo wayo kuqaliwe;
• Ekhanda le-cylinder head, kwenziwa iziteshi zokusabalalisa uketshezi lobuchwepheshe - i-antifreeze noma i-antifreeze, enikezela ukupholisa kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi namafutha okugcoba zonke izingxenye ezihambayo zophiko.

Impahla yekhanda lesilinda

Iningi lezinjini ezindala zazenziwe ngensimbi eyinsimbi. Okuqukethwe kunamandla amakhulu nokumelana nokusonteka ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile. Okuwukuphela kwento engabuyiseki yenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi isisindo sayo esisindayo.

Ukuze kwenziwe lula ukwakhiwa, abakhiqizi basebenzisa i-aluminium alloy engasindi. Iyunithi enjalo inesisindo esincane kakhulu kune-analogue yangaphambilini, enomphumela omuhle ku-Dynamics yemoto.

Imoto yomgibeli yesimanje izofakelwa injini enjalo nje. Izinhlobo zodizili ziyingqayizivele kulesi sigaba, ngoba ingcindezi ephezulu kakhulu idalwa kwisilinda ngasinye senjini enjalo. Kanye nokushisa okuphezulu, lesi sici sidala izimo ezingezinhle zokusetshenziswa kwama-alloys alula angahlukile ngamandla awo. Ezokuthuthwa kwempahla, ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi yensimbi yokukhiqiza izinjini kuhlala. Ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswe kuleli cala buyasakaza.

Ingxenye design: yini kufakwa ikhanda isilinda

Sesivele sikhulume ngezinto ezivela lapho ikhanda lesilinda lenziwa khona, manje ake sibheke ukunakekelwa kwento ye-element. Ikhanda lesilinda ngokwalo libukeka njengesembozo esingenalutho esinamakhekhe nezimbobo eziningi ezahlukene.

Lokhu kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye nezinqubo ezilandelayo:

• Indlela yokusabalalisa igesi. Ifakwe engxenyeni ephakathi kwekhanda lesilinda nesembozo se-valve. Umshini uhlanganisa i-camshaft, uhlelo lokudla nokukhipha. Kufakwa i-valve emgodini ngamunye ekungeneni nasekuphumeni kwamasilinda (inombolo yawo isilinda ngayinye incike ohlotsheni lwebhande lesikhathi, elichazwe ngokuningiliziwe kusibuyekezo mayelana nokuklanywa kwama-camshafts). Le divayisi iqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa ngisho kwezigaba zokunikezwa kwe-VTS nokukhishwa kwegesi yokukhipha ngokuya ngemivimbo yenjini engu-4-stroke ngokuvula nokuvala ama-valve. Ukuze umshini usebenze kahle, ukwakheka kwekhanda kunamayunithi wokusekelwa akhethekile, lapho kufakwa khona amabombo we-camshaft (eyodwa noma ngaphezulu);
• Ama-gaskets ekhanda lesilinda. Lo mbhalo wenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kokuxhuma phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili esihlokweni esehlukile);
• Iziteshi zobuchwepheshe. Isifunda sokupholisa sidlula kancane ekhanda (funda ngohlelo lokupholisa izimoto lapha) kanye nokuthanjiswa okuhlukile kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi (kuchazwa lolu hlelo lapha);
• Ehlangothini lwezindlu zekhanda lesilinda, kwenziwa iziteshi zokutholwa nokukhishwa kwamaningi.

Indawo yokufaka inqubo yesikhathi ibizwa nangokuthi umbhede we-camshaft. Ilingana nezixhumi ezihambelanayo ekhanda lezimoto.

Yini amakhanda

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamakhanda ezinjini:

• Ama-valve aphezulu - asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zesimanje. Idivayisi enjalo yenza kube lula ngangokunokwenzeka ukulungisa iyunithi noma ukuyilungisa;
• Ukuhlelwa kwe-valve engezansi - kusetshenziswa ngokungavamile kakhulu, ngoba injini enjalo isebenzisa uphethiloli omningi futhi ayihlukile ekusebenzeni kwayo kahle. Yize ukwakheka kwekhanda elinjalo kulula kakhulu;
• Ngayedwa ngesilinda esisodwa - esivame ukusetshenziselwa amayunithi amakhulu kagesi, kanye nezinjini zikadizili. Kulula kakhulu ukufaka noma ukususa.

Ukugcinwa nokuxilongwa kwekhanda lesilinda

Ukuze injini yomlilo yangaphakathi isebenze kahle (futhi ngeke isebenze ngaphandle kwekhanda lesilinda), wonke umshayeli wemoto kudingeka ukuthi athobele imithethonqubo yokusetshenziswa komshini. Futhi, into ebalulekile ukugcina umbuso wokushisa kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Ukusebenza kwemoto kuhlala kuhlotshaniswa namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nengcindezi ebalulekile.

Izinguquko zanamuhla zenziwe ngento engakhubazeka ngokucindezela okukhulu uma injini yomlilo yangaphakathi ishisa kakhulu. Kuchazwa izimo ezijwayelekile zokushisa lapha.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwekhanda lesilinda

Njengoba ikhanda lenjini liyingxenye yomklamo walo kuphela, ukuwohloka kuvame ukungathinti ingxenye uqobo, kodwa izindlela nezinto ezifakwe kuyo.

Imvamisa, ikhanda lesilinda liyasuswa ngesikhathi sokulungiswa uma i-cylinder head gasket ishaywa ngesibhakela. Ekuboneni kokuqala, ukufaka esikhundleni sayo kubonakala njengenqubo elula, empeleni, le nqubo inobuqili obuningana, ngenxa yalokho ukulungiswa kungabiza. Ungayishintsha kanjani kahle impahla ye-gasket enikelwe kuyo ukubuyekeza okuhlukile.

Umonakalo omubi kakhulu ukwakheka kwemifantu kuleli cala. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kungasebenzi kahle, omakhenikhi abaningi bezimoto, bekhuluma ngokulungiswa kwekhanda, kusho umsebenzi olandelayo wokulungisa:

• Intambo esemthonjeni wekhandlela iphukile;
• Izici zombhede we-camshaft zigugile;
• Isihlalo sevelufa sifakiwe.

Ukonakala okuningi kulungiswa ngokufaka izingxenye zokulungisa. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhamuke imbobo noma imbobo, ikhanda alivamile ukuzama ukulungiswa - limane lifakwe elisha. Kepha noma ezimeni ezinzima, abanye bayakwazi ukubuyisa ingxenye ephukile. Isibonelo salokhu yividiyo elandelayo:

Ukukhanda ikhanda lombhalo Welding efanelekile yokushisela imifantu namawindi kusibonelo se-Opel Askona TIG cylinder head welding

Ngakho-ke, yize ekuboneni kokuqala akukho okungaphuka ekhanda, izinkinga ngakho zisengaphakama. Futhi uma umshayeli ehlangabezana nenkinga efanayo, kuzodingeka asebenzise imali ekulungiseni okubizayo. Ukuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki, imoto kufanele iqhutshwe ngemodi emnene, futhi nendawo yamandla akufanele ishiswe kakhulu.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ahlelwa kanjani amakhanda angamasilinda? Iwucezu olulodwa olwenziwe nge-aluminium alloy noma i-alloy cast iron. Ingxenye engezansi yekhanda le-cylinder inwetshiwe kancane ukuze uxhumane kakhulu ne-block. Ama-grooves adingekayo kanye nokumisa kwenziwa ngaphakathi kwekhanda le-cylinder ukuze kufakwe izingxenye ezidingekayo.

Itholakala kuphi inhloko yesilinda? Le ngxenye yeyunithi yamandla itholakala ngaphezu kwebhulokhi yesilinda. Ama-spark plugs afakwe ekhanda, futhi ezimotweni eziningi zesimanje kukhona nama-injection kaphethiloli.

Yiziphi izingxenye ezidingekayo ukuze kulungiswe ikhanda lesilinda? Kuya ngesimo sokuqhekeka. Uma ikhanda ngokwalo lonakalisiwe, khona-ke udinga ukubheka entsha. Ukushintsha ingxenye ethile, isibonelo, ama-valve, ama-camshafts, njll., udinga ukuthenga ukushintshwa.