Uma ugcwalise uphethiloli omubi - okufanele ukwenze

Noma yimuphi umnikazi wemoto uhamba ngenqubo ejwayelekile - ukufaka uphethiloli emotweni yakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye bakwenza ngokuzenzekelayo. Kwabaqalayo, okuhlukile imiyalo yokuthi ungakwenza kanjani kahle.

Kepha nabashayeli abanolwazi kakhulu abavikelekile ezimweni lapho uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi ungena ethangini likaphethiloli. Yini okufanele uyenze kuleli cala, nokuthi ungabona kanjani ukuthi imoto igcwele uphethiloli omubi?

Yini uphethiloli omubi?

Uma ungangeni emininingwaneni eyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo zamakhemikhali, uphethiloli omuhle ungaba nenani elithile lezithasiselo ezizinzisa injini ngesikhathi somlilo we-BTC. Le yimingcele yokunquma uphethiloli omuhle:

• Inombolo ka-Octane. Lokhu yinto yokuqala umshayeli ayinake ngaphambi kokucisha ukuthungela imoto. Futhi lokhu kungaba yinkinga. Imvamisa kwenzeka ukuthi kukhona uphethiloli omubi ethangini likaphethiloli, kepha ngokungezwa kwezinye izithasiselo, inani le-octane linyuka, futhi umnikazi wenkampani enjalo angasho ngokukhululekile ukuthi uthengisa imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme. Ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungayihlola kanjani ngokuzimela le parameter, funda lapha.
• Okuqukethwe kwesulfure. Okufanelekile, le nto akufanele ibe khona kuphethiloli. Ukuba khona kwayo ngokuhlanganiswa kwezici zokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokuvela komphunga wamanzi kwakha i-sulfuric acid. Futhi, njengoba wonke umuntu azi, le nto, ngisho nangamanani amancane, ithinta kabi izingxenye zensimbi yemoto (ikakhulukazi uhlelo lokukhipha).
• Ngobukhona bamanzi. Okuqukethwe kwalolu phethiloli kunzima ukukulawula, ngoba kokubili uphethiloli namanzi kunesimo esifanayo - uketshezi, futhi angaxubana ngokwengxenye. Ukuphakama komswakama kaphethiloli, yimbi injini. Emakhazeni, amaconsi ayaqina, alimaze izinto zokuhlunga.
• Ngokuqukethwe yi-benzene. I-hydrocarbon nayo etholakala kumafutha, ngakho-ke uketshezi luyancibilika kakhulu kuphethiloli, okwenza kube nzima ukukhomba. Kodwa i-carbon deposits kuma-piston nezinye izinto zeqembu le-cylinder-piston zinikezwa.
• Ngokuqukethwe kwezithasiselo ze-hydrocarbon ezinamakha. Futhi, lezi zinto zengezwa kuphethiloli ukukhulisa inombolo ye-octane ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwakheka kwempi ngenxa kaphethiloli osezingeni eliphansi.
• Ngokuqukethwe kwama-ether kanye nama-alcohol. Ukwengezwa kwalezi zinto kungenxa yesifiso sokuthola inzuzo ethe xaxa noma ukuthakazelisa amakhasimende ezindlekweni "ezikhangayo" zikaphethiloli.

Njengoba isisho sithi, "isidingo sezinto ezisetshenziswayo sinobuqili," ngakho-ke okungatholakali kuphethiloli ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okungazelelwe kweziteshi zegesi ezithandekayo.

Isizathu sokuvela kukaphethiloli omubi

Isizathu esivame kakhulu ukuthi kungani uphethiloli omubi uvela (futhi ngawo udizili negesi) ukuhaha kwabantu. Futhi lokhu akusebenzi kuphela kubanikazi bezinkampani ezinkulu, kepha nakubantu abathengisa umkhiqizo "wakwamanye amazwe" kusuka egumbini labo elingaphansi.

Uma igalaji likaphethiloli, noma ngabe lithengisa uphethiloli omubi, noma lisebenzisa ukusefa ngenkathi ligcwalisa ithangi noma likuhambisa kuma-terminals, lapho uthenga into ewuketshezi esandleni awukwazi ngisho ukuyiphupha. Ngalesi sizathu, ukusebenzisa izindlela ezinjalo ezingabazisayo kuyiphutha elikhulu, noma ngabe abanikazi banikela ngenani elilingayo lemikhiqizo yabo.

Olunye ugibe ekuthengeni uphethiloli esandleni ukungafani ngokuphelele kwe-octane. Labo abazungeza indawo yokupaka engagadiwe ebusuku abanayo indlela yokubheka ukuthi uphethiloli osebenzisa umshayeli othile usebenzisa uphethiloli onjani, nophethiloli webiwa esitsheni esisodwa. Ingaqukatha kokubili i-92nd ne-98th. Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi izinkinga zemoto ngeke zisheshe ukufika.

Izimpawu zikaphethiloli omubi

Nazi izimpawu ezingasetshenziswa ukunquma ukuthi imoto "inikwe amandla" ngezinto ezingasha ezingalungile:

• Imoto iqale ukujama ngaphandle kwesizathu, kepha ngemuva kokufakwa uphethiloli muva nje;
• Kuzwakala imikhuba emibi - ngenxa yokuthi i-VTS iyakhanya, bese ivele indize isesimweni sayo esimsulwa iye ezinhlangothini eziningi ze-exhaust;
• Imoto iqale kabi. Lesi sibonakaliso sijwayelekile kwezinye izinkinga, kepha uma lokhu kuqale ukwenzeka ngemuva kokufakwa uphethiloli muva nje, kungenzeka ukuthi isizathu sikaphethiloli;
• Iphutha lezimoto likhanyise ekuhleleni. Esinye sezizathu zesiginali enjalo ukuthi inzwa ye-oxygen noma iphenyo le-lambda inika isignali mayelana nokukhishwa okungalungile (ukuthi kusebenza kanjani, funda ngokubuyekezwa okuhlukile);
• Imoto yalahlekelwa umfutho - yaqala ukudikiza ngamandla, ipedali yegesi yayingasabeli kangako;
• Kuzwakala umsindo obukhali wezingxenye zensimbi ezishayanayo - enye yezimpawu zokuqhuma;
• Imoto seyiminzile kabi;
• Ukuphela kwepayipi kushintshile kusuka kokumhlophe kuya kumbala omnyama - uphawu olucacile lokusha komlilo kaphethiloli noma ukwakheka komsizi.

Abanye ochwepheshe basikisela ukusebenzisa inketho yokuhlola isabelomali - thatha iphepha elingenalutho lephepha, uconsise inani elincane likaphethiloli kulo bese uvumela uketshezi luphume. Uma lokhu kushiya ibala elinamafutha (ubuningi), imfucumfucu noma amachashaza amnyama, khona-ke i-refuel akufanele ivunyelwe. Kepha le ndlela ilungele icala uma kungekho umugqa wabashayeli abagijimayo ngemuva kwethu.

Okufanayo kusebenza endleleni yokuhlola uphethiloli ngephunga. I-Sulphur inephunga elibukhali elingathandeki, kepha ngemuva kwesizinda semiphunga "enamakha" evela ethangini legesi kunzima ukuyibona ngaphandle kwamadivayisi akhethekile.

Kwenzekani uma ufaka uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi?

Uma ugcwalisa i-classic yokulwa ngophethiloli omubi, kwezinye izimo kuzohamba kangcono kancane. Kodwa-ke, uma umshini ungowesimanje, iyunithi ingalimala kakhulu kuleli cala.

Ama-plugs ama-spark aqala ukuhlupheka. Ngenxa yoqweqwe oluvelayo, uhlelo lokushisa luzodala umlilo engxenyeni kaphethiloli. Ukukhishwa ngeke kwenzeke phakathi kwama-electrode, kanti uphethiloli uzongena ku-catalyst.

Uma imoto ifudunyezwe ngokwanele, esiguqulweni sokuvula ivolumu engashanga ku-cylinder izokhela emgodini wayo. Uma kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi iyoba yini imiphumela kulokhu, funda i-athikili ehlukile.

Kepha ngaphambi kokuthi uphethiloli oshile wonakalise lezi zinto, uzosebenza nohlelo lokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli. Iphampu kaphethiloli nesihlungi esihle kuzohluleka ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma ungakunaki lokhu ngesikhathi, ipompo yegesi izondizela kudoti ngisho singakafiki isikhathi sokushintsha uwoyela emotweni.

Injini ingqongqo enye inkinga, imiphumela yayo enzima kakhulu ukuyilungisa. Njengoba ama-powertrains anamuhla esebenza ngokucindezela okukhulu, adinga uphethiloli onesilinganiso esiphezulu se-octane kunezinjini ezivamile zangaphakathi zomlilo.

Eminye imiphumela eminingi izovela kamuva, kepha ezimweni eziningi, izingxenye ezihlulekile ngeke zilungiswe. Bazodinga nje ukuthi kufakwe ezintsha. Futhi esimweni ngezimoto zakamuva zesizukulwane, lokhu kuyinjabulo ebizayo.

Iyini imiphumela

Ngakho-ke, uma ugcwalisa ngokuhlelekile uphethiloli ongahlangabezani namazinga, imiphumela iyoba ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• Ukuvaleka okusheshayo kwesihlungi sophethiloli;
• Uhlelo lukaphethiloli luyovaleka ngenxa yokwakheka kwamakristalu amanzi phakathi nobusika;
• Ama-injector amafutha avinjiwe;
• I-catalyst ephukile;
• Ukuqhuma kwemoto, ngenxa yokuthi izingxenye zomshini wensimbi ziphuma ngokushesha;
• Ukwakhiwa kweplaque kuma-electrode wamakhandlela;
• Ukonakala kwepompo kaphethiloli;
• Ukwehluleka kwekhoyili yokuthungela ngenxa yokuthi ayikhiphi lapho ipulagi ligcwele amanzi, futhi amandla kagesi aqhubeka nokugelezela kuma-windings awo.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma uthele uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi?

Vele, uma ugcwalisa ithangi ngophethiloli omubi, imoto ngeke idilike ngokushesha. Noma kunjalo, esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kuyadingeka ukwenza izinqubo eziningi ezizosusa kakhulu uphethiloli osezingeni eliphansi ohlelweni lwemoto.

Kulokhu, abanye abashayeli bamane baye kwesinye isiteshi sikaphethiloli bagcwalise uphethiloli, inani le-octane lalo liphakeme kakhulu kunalelo elijwayele ukushayela imoto. Ngakho-ke bahlanza uketshezi, balwenze lube yingozi kangako kuyunithi. Kepha nakulokhu, bekungeke kulimaze ukufutha uhlelo lukaphethiloli. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izinto ezikhethekile zisetshenziswa - izifutho noma izithasiselo ngophethiloli.

Kodwa-ke, uma i- "palenka" igcwele amanzi, kufanele ikhishwe ngokuphelele ethangini, noma ngabe uyizwela imali. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzodingeka usebenzise imali eningi kakhulu ekulungiseni izimoto.

Uma kunemiphumela emibi yokugcwaliswa kabi, futhi kungasizwanga ukuqhuma noma isengezo sokwengeza i-RN, kungcono ukuvakashela isikhungo sesevisi ngokushesha.

Isimo esidabukisa kakhulu lapho ukufaka uphethiloli ngezinga elisezingeni eliphansi kuyisikhali esibi. Sicisha injini, siqale, kepha umphumela awunyamalali, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokucekela phansi iyunithi, kepha kufanele ushayele iloli elidonsayo bese uqonde ngqo esiteshini sesevisi.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukufaka uphethiloli ngophethiloli omubi?

Indlela esebenza kahle kakhulu ukumane ukhethe isiteshi sikaphethiloli esisezingeni elifanele. Akufanele ulingwe ngamadili amahle abhalwe umaki epuletini eduze kwemoto egqwalayo engenamasondo. Kunencazelo efihliwe kulesi sithombe - njengokungathi kubhekwa ikusasa lemoto ehlala ifakwa uphethiloli ngale ndlela.

Azikho kulezi ziphakamiso ezizosiza ekubuyiseleni ukukhanda okubizayo okwalandela kwama-piston, amasilinda, ukufaka ama-injectors, njll.

Uma uhlela uhambo olude, kungcono ukugcwalisa ithangi eligcwele kuphethiloli ofakazelwe, noma ngabe intengo kaphethiloli ingaphezulu kancane kunezinye iziteshi. Kepha izinzwa nezimali kuzosindiswa.

Ungasifuna kanjani isinxephezelo egalaji likaphethiloli?

Ezimweni eziningi, kunzima ukuthi iklayenti likwazi ukufakazela icala lalo. Isibonelo, abaphathi benkampani bangaphika noma yikuphi ukubandakanyeka ekungasebenzini kahle kwemoto, baqinisekise abaphathi bezomthetho ukuthi umshayeli akakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi imoto yakhe ibihlelekile phambilini.

Insizakalo yamalungelo abathengi ine-hotline yamahora angama-XNUMX. Umnikazi wemoto noma nini angacacisa ukuthi angasithola kanjani isinxephezelo egalaji likaphethiloli ngokuthengisa uphethiloli wekhwalithi ephansi.

Ngaphambi kokwenza isimangalo, umshayeli kufanele abe nesheke ngesandla. Ngokushesha nje lapho ethola ukungasebenzi, akunakusetshenziswa ukuzama ukulungisa konke ngokwakho. Esimweni esinjalo, kufanele uxhumane nesikhungo esikhethekile senkonzo, esizokunikeza nesheke.

Ochwepheshe besiteshi sesevisi kufanele baqale benze ukuxilongwa, ngenxa yalokho kufanele kuboniswe ukuthi ukuwohloka kwenzeke ngenxa yokusebenzisa uphethiloli ongafanele.

Ukuba khona kwerisidi ngemuva kokufaka uphethiloli nokuphetha kokuhlolwa okuzimele kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthola isinxephezelo esiteshini sikaphethiloli. Kepha noma kunjalo, kunamathuba amakhulu okubanjwa ngabantu abangenabulungisa. Ngalesi sizathu, kungcono ukuyidlala iphephile futhi ufake uphethiloli eziteshini zikagesi ezifakazelwe.

Ekuphetheni, amathiphu ambalwa avela kumshayeli onolwazi:

IZIMPAWU EZI-5 ZEGOSOLINI ELIMPOFU

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Ihamba kanjani imoto ngophethiloli ongemuhle? Enqubweni yokusheshisa, imoto izonyakaza, ukusebenza kwemoto kuzohambisana nokungqongqoza neminye imisindo engaphandle. Ukusetshenziswa kuzokwanda, umbala nephunga lamagesi okukhipha kuzoshintsha.

Kwenzekani uma ugcwalisa uphethiloli omubi? Uphethiloli ongemuhle uzophazamisa ikhwalithi yamafutha enjini yakho. Isizathu siwukuthi ingase ibe ne-methanol, esabela ngezithasiselo emafutheni.

Okufanele ukwenze ngemva kukaphethiloli omubi? Kungcono ukukhipha uphethiloli esitsheni bese ufaka uphethiloli ngophethiloli omuhle (kufanele ube namalitha angama-5-10 kaphethiloli omuhle esitokweni - kufanele kube okwanele kuze kube yilapho ukugcwalisa okulandelayo).

Ungahlukanisa kanjani okuhle nophethiloli omubi? Ithonsi lengilazi liyavutha. Ngemva kokusha, imigqa emhlophe isala - uphethiloli omuhle. Amabala aphuzi noma ansundu awuphawu lokuba khona kwama-resin ahlukene nokungcola.