Yini ilokhi lokwehlukanisa?

Njengomshayeli onolwazi olwanele lokushayela, uyazi ukuthi i-drivetrain ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu emotweni. Uyazi futhi ukuthi umehluko uyinto yokudlulisa ebaluleke kakhulu.

Uyini umehluko?

Ngamafuphi, kuyinto (indlela) exhunywe ngqo kuma-ekseli amasondo, umsebenzi omkhulu wayo ukudlulisa i-torque kubo. Lokhu kudluliswa kwe-torque kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa lokho okubizwa nge- "gear planetary".

Omunye umsebenzi obaluleke kangako, owenziwe ngumahluko, ukuhlinzeka ngamathuba okujikeleza ngokuzungezile kwamasondo okushayela lapho imoto ijika noma idlula endaweni engalingani futhi enzima.

Yini ilokhi lokwehlukanisa?

Ngaphambi kokukhuluma ngalokhu, ake sibone ukuthi inqubo yokwehluka kohlobo lwakudala isebenza kanjani.

Futhi-ke .. Ukwahluka okujwayelekile (okujwayelekile), noma, njengoba kubizwa nangokuthi, "umehluko ovulekile", kudlulisa amandla kusuka enjinini kuya ku-ekseli, okuvumela amasondo ukuthi azungeze ngejubane elihlukile lapho umshini ujika.

Njengoba ibanga okufanele isondo ngalinye lihambe lapho liphenduka lihlukile (isondo elilodwa linendawo ejikelezayo enkulu kunelinye isondo, elinendawo engaphakathi emfushane), umehluko uxazulula le nkinga ngokudlulisela i-torque kuma-ekseli ahlukene amasondo amabili adlule. indlela yayo. Umphumela uba ukuthi imoto ikwazi ukushayela futhi ijike ngokujwayelekile.

Ngeshwa, le ndlela ethile inezinkinga ezithile. Izama ukudlulisa i-torque iye lapho ilula khona.

Kusho ukuthini lokhu?

Uma womabili amasondo ku-ekseli enokudonsa namandla afanayo ukuzungeza isondo ngalinye, umehluko ovulekile uzosabalalisa i-torque ngokulinganayo phakathi kwawo. Kodwa-ke, uma kunomehluko ekubambeni (ngokwesibonelo, isondo elilodwa lisetayini futhi elinye liwela emgodini noma eqhweni), umehluko uzoqala ukusabalalisa i-torque esondweni, elizophenduka ngomzamo omncane (dlulisa i-torque eyengeziwe ekushayweni kwesondo iqhwa noma imbobo).

Ekugcineni, isondo elishiywe ku-asphalt lizoyeka ukuthola i-torque bese lima, kanti elinye lizomunca lonke i-torque bese lizungeza nge-angular velocity eyengeziwe.

Konke lokhu kuthinta kakhulu ukushesha nokuphathwa kwemoto, futhi kuzoba nzima kakhulu kuwe ukuphuma emgodini noma ukuhamba eqhweni.

Yini ilokhi lokwehlukanisa?

Ukhiye wokwehlukanisa uvumela womabili amasondo ukuba ahambe ngejubane elifanayo, ngakho-ke uma kwenzeka ukulahleka kokubambeka esondweni elilodwa, womabili amasondo aqhubeka nokuhamba, noma ngabe umehluko ekumelaneni. Ngamanye amagama, uma isondo elilodwa likwi-asphalt elinye lisemgodini noma endaweni eshelelayo njengodaka, iqhwa, noma amanye, ilokhi lokwehlukanisa lizodlulisela amandla afanayo kuwo womabili amasondo, livumele isondo eqhweni noma emgodini ukuba lihambe ngokushesha futhi livikele imoto. cwilisa. Umehluko wokukhiya ungangezwa ku-asi yokuqala noma engemuva, futhi ungangezwa kuwo womabili ama-asi.

Izinhlobo zokukhiya ezihlukile

Ngokuya ngezinga, ilokhi lokwehlukanisa lingagcwala noma lingaphelele:

• Ukuvinjwa okugcwele kusho ukuxhumana okuqinile kwezinto ezahlukanayo, lapho i-torque ingadluliselwa ngokuphelele esondweni ngokudonsa okungcono
• Ukukhiya okwehlukile kubonakala ngenani elilinganiselwe lamandla adluliswayo wezingxenye ezahlukile kanye nokwanda okuhambisanayo kwe-torque kuya esondweni elinokudonsa okungcono

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokukhiya, kepha imvamisa zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amakhulu amakhulu:

• umehluko okhiya uvalwe (100%)
• umehluko okhiye othomathikhi
• umehluko wokushelela okulinganiselwe - LSD

100% ukuvimba okuphelele

Ngalolu hlobo lokukhiya, umehluko uyeka ukwenza imisebenzi yawo futhi ube yi-clutch elula exhuma ngokuqinile ama-asi nama-shafts futhi idlulisele i-torque kubo nge-velocity efanayo ye-angular. Ukukhiya ngokuphelele umehluko, kwanele ukuvimba ukujikeleza kwama-ekseli, noma ukuxhuma inkomishi yokuhlukanisa kwenye yama-ekseli. Lolu hlobo lokukhiya lwenziwa ngomshini kagesi, womoya noma we-hydraulic futhi uqhutshwa ngesandla ngumshayeli.

Kodwa-ke, ukuvimba ngokuphelele akunconyiwe ngoba injini yemoto ayilayishiwe kakhulu kuphela, kodwa i-transmission, u-gearbox kanye namasondo, aguga ngokushesha okukhulu, nayo ihlushwa yimithwalo esindayo.

Umehluko Weziliphu Ezinomkhawulo - LSD

Lolu hlobo lokwehlukanisa empeleni lukuvumelana okulula phakathi kokwehluka okuvulekile nokukhiya okugcwele, ngoba kukuvumela kuphela ukuthi ukusebenzise lapho kudingeka. Inzuzo enkulu ye-LSD ukuthi uma imoto ishayelwa emigwaqeni ebushelelezi noma emigwaqweni emikhulu, isebenza njengomehluko "ovulekile", futhi uma ushayela ezindaweni ezimbi, umehluko ovela "ovulekile" uba umehluko ovimbelayo, oqinisekisa ukushayela okungenangozi. ukujikajika nokwehla nokwehla emigwaqweni engalingani, egcwele imigodi egcwele udaka. Ukushintsha kusuka ku- "open" uyekwe umehluko wesiliphu kushesha ngokwedlulele futhi kulula futhi kwenziwa ngenkinobho kudeshibhodi yemoto.

I-LSD inezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• indlela ye-disc
• igiya lesibungu
• isibopho viscous

Ngokukhiya idiski

Ukungqubuzana kwenziwa phakathi kwama-discs. Idiski elilodwa le-friction lixhunywe ngokuqinile enkomishini ehlukanisayo, kanti enye ku-shaft.

Ukukhiya isibungu

Umgomo wokusebenza kwawo ulula kakhulu: ukwandisa i-torque yesondo elilodwa kuholela ekuvinjelweni okuyingxenye nokudluliswa kwe-torque kuya kwelinye isondo. (Isikhiye sesibungu sibizwa nangokuthi iTorque Sensing).

Isibopho se-viscous

Siqukethe isethi yamadiski abunjiwe asondelene kakhulu, abekwe endlini evaliwe egcwele u-silicone fluid, axhumene nenkomishi ehlukile kanye ne-drive shaft. Lapho isivinini se-angular silingana, umehluko usebenza ngemodi ejwayelekile, kepha lapho ijubane lokushintshana kwe-shaft landa, ama-disc akilo akhulisa ijubane lawo futhi abicah endlini aqina. Ngenxa yengozi yokushisa ngokweqile, lolu hlobo lokuvimba aluvamile ukusetshenziswa.

Okuzenzakalelayo umehluko izingidi

Ngokungafani nokuxhuma okwenziwa ngesandla, ngokuxhuma okuzenzakalelayo, ukulawulwa kokuhlukaniswa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isoftware. Lapho ijubane lokujikeleza kwesondo elilodwa landa, ingcindezi iyakheka ohlelweni lwamabhuleki futhi ijubane lalo liyancipha. Kulokhu, amandla okudonsa aya phezulu, futhi i-torque idluliselwe kwelinye isondo.

Ukwabiwa kabusha kwe-torque nokulinganiswa kwejubane le-angular kwenziwa ngaphansi kwethonya lohlelo lwe-braking. Kuyinto isoftware elawulwa uhlelo lokulawula ukudonsa, umehluko wokukhiya othomathikhi awufakelwanga ngezinto ezengeziwe zokukhiya futhi akuyona i-LSD.

Ngabe zonke izimoto zingaba nomehluko okhiyiwe?

Ilokhi lokwehlukanisa ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa ezimotweni zezemidlalo noma kumaSUV. Ikakhulukazi endabeni yamaSUV, okhiye bokukhiya sebevele befakiwe lapho izimoto zihlanganisiwe. Yize kunconywa ukhiye wokwehlukanisa ikakhulukazi amaSUV, kungenzeka ukuthi ilokhi lokwehlukanisa lingenziwa ngohlobo oluthile lwemoto. Izimoto ezingenakho ukukhiya okwehlukile efektri zingashintshwa futhi zithuthukiswe.

Isebenza kanjani?

Uma ufuna nokukhiya umehluko, kufanele uxhumane nesikhungo sesevisi esinikezela ngezinsizakalo ezifanayo. Lokhu kuyadingeka ngoba kuphela lapho abangakutshela khona uma imininingwane yemoto yakho ifanelekile ukwenziwa ngcono umahluko noma cha. Uma kungenzeka, ongoti bazokusikisela ngezinto ezihambisanayo ezingangena esikhundleni somehluko wokhiye "ovulekile" wakudala.

Ingabe ilokhi lokwehlukanisa liyasiza?

Kuya ngezici eziningi! Uma ushayela imoto ejwayelekile futhi uvame ukushayela emigwaqweni emikhulu, emigwaqweni yedolobha noma emigwaqweni ye-asphalt, ukuvimbela umehluko akusizi ngalutho. Kulokhu, uhlobo lwakudala lokwehlukanisa luzowenza kahle umsebenzi.

Ukukhiya okwehlukile kuzoba wusizo uma ushayela imoto engaphandle komgwaqo futhi uthanda ukuhamba emgwaqeni ezindaweni ezimbi. Lokhu kuzoba wusizo futhi kudingeke kuwe uma uhlala endaweni lapho ubusika budala izinkinga ezinkulu (iqhwa eliningi, imigwaqo ivame ukumbozwa yiqhwa, njll.)

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Iyini i-Electronic Simulated Differential Lock? Kuwuhlelo lwe-elekthronikhi olusebenzisa amabhuleki emoto ukuze kubonakale sengathi umehluko ukhiyiwe (ukuvimbela amasondo okushayela ukuthi ajikeleze).

ДKungani udinga ukukhiya okuhlukile kwe-asili yangemuva? Ilokhi ehlukanisayo iyadingeka ukuze kuvinjwe amasondo okushayela ukuthi angaphenduki ezindaweni ezingazinzile zomgwaqo. Ikhiqiza amandla adonsayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lokushayela.

Uyini umehluko we-limited-slip? I-self-block ehlukile iyadingeka ukuze isondo elijikelezayo ngokukhululekile lingathathi yonke i-torque ye-motor. lo mshini uvame ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni ezinamasondo amane.