Isilinganiso esingokomzimba sesisindo nevolumu yoketshezi sinquma ukuminyana kwamafutha enjini. Kanye ne-viscosity, ipharamitha inokuncika okuqondile ekushiseni, kuthinta ukusebenza kwezinjini futhi inikeza amandla amenyezelwe ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa kwe-hydraulic. Uwoyela wemoto onekhwalithi ephansi uqukethe izithasiselo eziyingozi, futhi uwoyela wemoto osetshenzisiwe uqukethe ukungcola okwandisa imingcele yokuminyana. Ake sikutshele ukuthi amafutha okwenziwa aphezulu naphansi angathinta kanjani ukusebenza kwe-piston noma izinjini zemoto ezijikelezayo. High Density Lubricants Ukuminyana kwamafutha ezimoto kuyahluka phakathi kuka-0,68 no-0,95 kg/l. Amanzi okugcoba anenkomba engaphezu kuka-0,95 kg / l ahlukaniswa njengokuminyana okuphezulu. Lawa mafutha anciphisa ukucindezeleka kwemishini ekudluliseni kwe-hydraulic ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu, okokugcoba akungeni ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo amasilinda episton. Ngenxa yalokho, umthwalo ku...

Ububanzi bamafutha asetshenziswa ezitshalweni zamandla bukhulu kakhulu, kepha wonke abonakala ngezinga eliphakeme lokuhlanzwa futhi akhiqizwa ngamafutha aphansi-sulphur. Phakathi kwezinto ezivame kakhulu uwoyela we-transformer GK (umkhiqizo umelela: G - inkomba yendlela yokuhlanza: i-hydrocracking, i-K - ukuba khona kwamakhemikhali e-asidi ekubunjweni). Imininingwane Ukwakheka kanye nezakhiwo zamafutha e-transformer ebanga le-GK kunqunywa yi-GOST 982-80. Lawa mazinga asho ukuthi: Ukusebenza okuphezulu kokufakwa kukagesi, okuhlanganisa namazinga okushisa aphakeme. Ukuba khona kwezithasiselo ze-antioxidant (i-ionol), ngaphandle kokugqwala ngaphansi kwe-voltage ephezulu. Ukungabi bikho kwama-alkali ancibilika emanzini nokungcola kwemishini. Ukuzinza kwezinkomba ze-viscosity ebangeni elithile lokushisa. Okuqukethwe okuncane kwama-ion e-asidi yamahhala. Izinkambiso ezijwayelekile zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zomkhiqizo ochaziwe yilezi: Ukuminyana, kg/m3, ezingeni lokushisa legumbi —…

Ngokumangalisayo, kodwa kuyiqiniso: eminyakeni yokutholakala kolwazi, abashayeli abaningi bezimoto namanje abazi ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuvuselela ngezikhathi ezithile uketshezi lwamabhuleki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqwashisa akufiki ngisho nalapho ngokuzumayo i-pedal ngaphansi konyawo lwesokudla ihluleka, bese, ngemva komzuzu, iphinde iphakame - futhi ukusebenza kwesistimu kubuyiselwa. Yonke into ibhalwa ngokuthi "i-system glitch" noma into enjalo. Mayelana nokuthi kufanele ushintshe kangaki uketshezi lwebhuleki emotweni nokuthi kungani lokhu kuyisibopho sokugcinwa kwempahla - funda lesi sihloko. Kungani ushintsha i-brake fluid? Ake siqale ngezisekelo. I-brake fluid isebenza njenge-pressure transmitter esuka ku-master brake cylinder (GTE) iye kubasebenzi. Umshayeli ucindezela i-pedal, i-GTE (i-piston elula kunazo zonke endlini enesistimu ye-valve) ithumela umfutho we-fluid ngokusebenzisa ...

Ijoint yesivinini esingaguquki (noma i-CV joint for short) ibandakanyeka ekudluliselweni kwe-torque isuka ku-gearbox iye kwihabhu lesondo lokushayela. Okusho ukuthi, le nodi iyi-priorio elayishwe kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, amalunga e-CV adinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuthambisa ezikhethekile ezinganikeza ukuvikeleka okuthembekile kokuthintana nezingxenye ezisebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo esindayo. Mayelana nokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokuthambisa olungcono ukulisebenzisa kumajoyinti e-CV futhi kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngezansi. Umgomo wokukhetha izinto zokugcoba zamajoyinti e-CV Izithambisi zokuhlanganisa isivinini esingaguquki zikhethwa ngokwesimiso esilula: kuye ngohlobo lokuhlanganisa oluhlinzeka ngokudluliswa kokunyakaza okujikelezayo nge-engeli. Wonke amalunga e-CV ahlukaniswe ngokwesakhiwo ngamaqembu amabili: uhlobo lwebhola; ama-tripods. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amahinge ohlobo lwebhola angaba nezinguqulo ezimbili: okungenzeka kube khona ukunyakaza kwe-axial futhi ngaphandle kwalokho okungenzeka. ...

Izembatho ze-Anticorrosion ezisekelwe kuma-macromolecular compounds ziya ngokuya zithandwa phakathi kwabashayeli bezimoto. Kuze kube muva nje, ukuze kusetshenziswe izingoma ezinjalo phezulu, bekudingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe imikhiqizo engenisiwe kuphela. Kodwa muva nje, emakethe yephrofayili kuvele owasekhaya, kusukela enkampanini ye-Rubber Paint, enegama elithakazelisayo elithi "Hammer". Izici zokwakheka kanye nezakhiwo Upende lwerabha lusetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene futhi lungasetshenziswa okhunini, insimbi, ukhonkolo, i-fiberglass kanye nepulasitiki. Upende utholakala ngemibala ehlukene futhi ungasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene - ngebhulashi, i-roller noma isifutho (indlela yokuqala kuphela esetshenziswa lapho kupenda izimoto). Njengezinye izingoma zokusetshenziswa okufanayo okusekelwe ku-polyurethane - izigqoko ezidume kakhulu yi-Titanium, i-Bronekor ne-Raptor - upende okukhulunywa ngawo wenziwa ngesisekelo se-polyurethane.

Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemikhiqizo esekelwe ku-silicone sekushibhile futhi kuyathengeka. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo, i-silicone ithole isicelo emkhakheni we-chemistry yezimoto. Ake sithole ukuthi yiziphi izinto zokugcoba ze-silicone zezimpawu zenjoloba, futhi sithole ukuthi yikuphi ukwakheka okungcono ukuthenga ngale njongo. Ukwakheka kanye nomgomo wokusebenza Ama-Silicone yizinhlanganisela ze-organosilicon eziqukethe umoya-mpilo. Ngokuya ngohlobo lweqembu lezinto eziphilayo, lezi zinto zinezakhiwo ezihlukene. Ukwakheka kwezithambisi ze-silicone zezigxivizo zenjoloba ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa enye yezinto ezintathu (noma ezimbalwa): uketshezi lwe-silicone (amafutha), ama-elastomers noma ama-resin. Umgomo wokusebenza kwe-silicone smear ulula kakhulu. Ngemuva kokufaka, okokugcoba okunamandla okunamathela okuhle kuvala indawo engaphezulu okumele iphathwe. Akaqandi...

Phakathi kwezinhlobo zamafutha egiya akhiqizwa eRussia nasemazweni e-CIS, i-Tad-17 brand grease cishe izoba phezulu esilinganisweni sokuthandwa. Uwoyela uthathwa njengowomhlaba wonke, uvikela kahle izingxenye zokungqubuzana zamagiya emishini, futhi unezindawo zokulwa ne-antioxidant. Ukwakheka nokumaka Uwoyela we-Transmission Tad-17, okhiqizwa ngokuhambisana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe ze-GOST 23652-79 (kanye ne-analogue yayo eseduze kakhulu - uwoyela we-Tad-17i), ihloselwe ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni zabagibeli basekhaya. Ifanele ukuthunyelwa okwenziwa ngesandla (ikakhulukazi i-hypoid), ama-axle okushayela, ezinye izinhlelo zokulawula zezimoto zabagibeli ezinesakhiwo sakudala esinamasondo angemuva. Ngokusho kwesigaba samazwe ngamazwe, kungokwesigaba samafutha e-GL-5. Ayisetshenziswa ekuhanjisweni kwamaloli kanye nemishini ekhethekile ye-heavy-duty, ngoba ine-viscosity eyandisiwe ekuqaleni, okwandisa amandla okushayela imoto (ezimweni ezinjalo, ngaphezulu ...

Inkomba efana nokuminyana kwe-antifreeze ibaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni ukwakheka kwezipholile zesimanje. Ukuminyana kubonisa ngokuqondile iphesenti le-ethylene glycol (propylene glycol) namanzi. Futhi lokhu kuyinkomba enkulu yekhono le-antifreeze ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi. Ukuminyana kwama-antifreeze Cishe wonke ama-antifreeze esimanje asekelwe otshwaleni (okukodwa kokuhluka kwe-glycol) namanzi acwecwe. Isilinganiso se-glycol emanzini sinquma ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi. Kukhona indida lapha okubalulekile ukuyiqonda. Kuma-antifreeze e-ethylene glycol, umthetho awusebenzi: lapho kukhuphuka ukugcwala kwe-glycol, isithwathwa esengeziwe singabekezelela. I-ethylene glycol ehlanzekile inephuzu lokuqanda elingu-13°C nje. Futhi umkhawulo onjalo wokuqandisa ophezulu wesipholisi utholakala ngokuxuba namanzi. Kufika ekugxilweni kwe-glycol ku...

Ekudonseleni phansi kohlu lwe-Google lapho ufaka igama elithi "antifreeze", inkulumo ethi "Felix antifreeze" isendaweni yesibili ehloniphekile. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba umenzi walolu hlu lokupholisa, inkampani yaseNizhny Novgorod iTosol-Sintez, phakathi kwezinye izinto, inokwesekwa kombuso. Ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana nama-antifreeze kaFeliksi Isici sezingoma ezicutshungulwayo izinhlobonhlobo zezimfanelo ezinikezwayo. Ngokukhiqiza izinhlobo ezimbalwa zale mikhiqizo, i-Tosol-sintez ibophezela ngokuqinile umsebenzisi ongaba khona esidingweni sokuthenga imikhiqizo yakhe. Wonke ama-antifreeze kaFelix angamaminerali, futhi isisekelo sawo esisebenzayo yi-monoethylene glycol. Ngokwezigaba ezakhiwe ngabakwaVolkswagen, imikhiqizo ingeyamaqembu i-G11 ne-G12. Lawa maqembu abonakala ngokukhula kokuqina kokuqanjwa ...

Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zokupholisa, indawo ekhethekile ingeye-Tosol 65, futhi, ikakhulukazi, izinhlobonhlobo zayo ze-Tosol A-65M. Incwadi eyengeziwe ekucacisweni komkhiqizo ihlotshaniswa nesidingo sokusetshenziswa kwayo eqhweni, emazingeni okushisa aphansi ikakhulukazi. Izici I-coolant okukhulunywa ngayo yasungulwa ngabasebenzi boMnyango we-Organic Synthesis Technology wesinye sezikhungo zocwaningo zaseSoviet maqondana namamodeli emoto eVAZ, ukukhiqizwa kwawo okwakwenziwa kahle ngaleso sikhathi. Isiphetho -ol sengezwe ezinhlamvwini ezintathu zokuqala zegama, okuyinto evamile ekuqanjweni kwezinto eziningi eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana aphezulu. Inombolo engu-65 ekuqoqweni komkhiqizo ikhombisa indawo encane yokuqandisa. Ngakho-ke, cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, kwaqala ukukhiqizwa komndeni wamapholisa anamagama afanayo (OJ Tosol, Tosol A-40, njll.), eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ekhaya ...

Amathayi ezimoto, athengwa ezindaweni ezidayisa izimoto ezikhethekile, anombala omnyama ohloniphekile, okugcizelela ubusha nokusha kwawo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umbala wamathayi emoto uyashintsha, uthole ama-shades ahlukahlukene ampunga. Indlela elula yokuchaza lokhu ukuguga kancane kancane kwenjoloba. Iyini inqubo yokuguga yamathayi? Ukushintsha kombala akubangelwa kuphela izimo zokusebenza - izinguquko ezingazelelwe ekushiseni, ukungqubuzana, ukucindezeleka - kodwa futhi nge-oxidation. Ngisho nerabha "engagibeli" ikhanya kancane kancane, ngoba ngesikhathi sokusebenza ihlale ingaphansi kwe-oxidation. Ngenxa yalokho, ungqimba lwe-brittle oxide lwamandla andayo lwakheka ebusweni besondo. Akukho nzuzo kusuka kungqimba olunjalo, ngoba ngesikhathi esifanayo namandla ithola ukwanda kwe-brittleness, ngoba ama-sulfide compounds akhona kuwo. Ngenkathi ushayela emigwaqweni emibi, beka phezulu...

Ayingozi kangakanani amanzi ethangini legesi, avelaphi nokuthi angabhekana kanjani nawo? Ngezansi sizokhuluma ngendlela elula yokususa umswakama ethangini likaphethiloli - okomisa uphethiloli. Izindlela zokwenza umswakama ethangini legesi kanye nemiphumela yalesi simo Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokungena kwamanzi ethangini likaphethiloli. Ukujiya okuvamile okuvela emoyeni. Umhwamuko wamanzi uhlala ukhona emkhathini ngezinga elithile. Lapho uthintana nezindawo eziqinile (ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa aphansi), umswakama uhlangana ube amaconsi. Isivalo sethangi legesi lomklamo olula sinembobo lapho kungena khona umoya ovela endaweni ezungezile lapho izinga likaphethiloli lehla (umfutho owedlulele nawo ukhishwa ngale valve). Lokhu kuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-vacuum. Ngemiklamo ethuthuke kakhulu yethangi legesi ...

Ukukhipha ukungcola okunqwabelene emsebenzini womzimba kuyisinyathelo sokuqala kunoma yimuphi umzamo wokuhlanza imoto. Kulokhu, ungasebenzisa isipontshi sendabuko noma i-mitt, kodwa kungcono ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokugeza ingcindezi, futhi usebenzise i-shampoo yemoto ekhethekile yokugeza okungenasici. Ukwakhiwa kweshampoo yemoto yokugeza ngaphandle kokuthintana kufaka phakathi izinto ezisebenza ngaphandle, izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi, izinto zokubumba amagwebu, izilawuli ze-buffer acidity, ama-agent ahlakazayo, izilungisi ze-pH, ama-odinizer, nezinye izinto eziningi. Kodwa akuwona wonke ama-shampoos enza umsebenzi wawo ngokulinganayo. Isilinganiso sama-shampoos emoto angcono kakhulu okugeza ngaphandle kokuthinta sahlanganiswa engxenyeni yephrofayili yemakethe ngo-2018. I-Bilt Hamber Surfex HD Shampoo ithatha indawo yokuqala esilinganisweni ngokufanelekile ngenxa yekhono layo elisebenzayo lokususa amafutha. Njengoba kusungulwe izifundo eziningi, lapho ushayela imoto emigwaqweni yedolobha ...

Phakathi kwawo wonke ama-lubricant okudluliselwa kwe-manual kanye nezinye izingxenye zokudlulisela, uwoyela we-80W90 mhlawumbe uhola ekudumeni. Lokhu uma sicabangela indawo emaphakathi yeRussia. Ngezansi sizohlaziya izici kanye nobubanzi bawoyela wegiya nge-viscosity ye-80W90. Ukucacisa uwoyela wegiya we-80W90 Ake sicabangele kafushane izici eziyinhloko amafutha egiya ane-viscosity ye-80W90 anazo. Izinga le-SAE J300 lisho lokhu okulandelayo. Indawo yokuthela ngaphambi kokulahlekelwa kwezinto zokugcoba nezivikelayo iku-26 ° C. Uma iqhwa ngaphansi kwaleli zinga lokushisa, i-viscosity eguquguqukayo kawoyela izodlula umkhawulo owamukelekayo ongu-150000 csp owamukelwe onjiniyela be-SAE. Lokhu akusho ukuthi amafutha azophenduka iqhwa. Kodwa ngokungaguquguquki, iyoba njengoju olujiyile. Futhi okunjalo…

Iphunga lamagesi okukhipha igesi endaweni yabagibeli noma umsindo ongajabulisi, "wokusika" wokukhipha umoya oqhumayo ubonisa ukuqina okuphukile kwe-exhaust tract. Isixazululo esisodwa esisheshayo nesingabizi kule nkinga i-muffler sealant. Mayelana nokuthi ama-sealant ezinhlelo zokukhipha umoya anjani nokuthi asebenza kanjani - funda ngezansi. Isebenza kanjani i-muffler sealant futhi isetshenziswa kuphi? Ama-exhaust sealants ezimoto avame ukubizwa ngokuthi "amasimende". Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama elithi "usimende" alikhulunywa nje kuphela phakathi kwabashayeli njenge-slang. Abanye abakhiqizi bama-muffler sealant basebenzisa leli gama emaphaketheni abo, hhayi ngezinjongo zokuthengisa. Ukufana kwama-sealant anosimende kunencazelo yangempela, esetshenzisiwe, kanye nekhemikhali. Cishe wonke ama-sealant ezimoto ayizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-polymer.…

Abanye abashayeli bezimoto, lapho beshintsha noma befaka isipholile, basebenzisa isinqandi-qhwa esenziwe ngomumo. Abanye abanikazi bezimoto bakhetha ukugxilisa ingqondo. Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi yikuphi okungcono: i-antifreeze noma i-antifreeze concentrate. Ihlanganisani i-antifreeze concentrate futhi ihluke kanjani kumkhiqizo oqediwe? I-antifreeze evamile elungele ukusetshenziswa iqukethe izingxenye ezi-4 eziyinhloko: i-ethylene glycol; amanzi distilled; iphakheji elengeziwe; udayi. I-concentrate ishoda eyodwa kuphela yezingxenye: amanzi acwecwe. Izingxenye ezisele ekubunjweni okuphelele ziyizinguqulo ezigxilile zokupholisa. Ngezinye izikhathi abakhiqizi, ukuze benze lula futhi bavimbele imibuzo engadingekile, bamane babhale "Glycol" noma "Ethandiol" emaphaketheni, okuyinto, eqinisweni, elinye igama le-ethylene glycol. Izithasiselo kanye nodayi ngokuvamile akukhulunywa. Kodwa-ke, zonke izingxenye ezingeziwe kanye nodayi ngobuningi ...