Iyini ukuminyana kukaphethiloli?

Izimo lapho ukuminyana kukaphethiloli kunqunywa khona

Abukho ubuhlobo obuqondile phakathi kwekhwalithi kaphethiloli (lokhu kusebenza nasekumitheni kwamafutha edizili noma ukuminyana kukaphalafini), ngoba zonke izilinganiso kufanele zenzeke ekushiseni okuthile. I-GOST R 32513-2013 yamanje ibeka izinga lokushisa elinjalo ku-15ºС, kuyilapho izinga langaphambili - i-GOST 305-82 - libheka lokhu kushisa njengo-20ºС. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga uphethiloli, akuyona into engafanele ukubuza ukuthi iyiphi indinganiso ukuminyana kunqunywe ngokusho kwayo. Imiphumela, njengawo wonke ama-hydrocarbons, izohluka ngokuphawulekayo. Amandla adonsela phansi athile kaphethiloli alingana nenani lokuminyana kwawo, lapho lokhu kulinganiswa ngo-kg/l.

Ukuminyana kukaphethiloli ku-kg/m³ kuvame ukuba yisikhubekiso ebudlelwaneni phakathi komkhiqizi kanye nomthengi othengisa kakhulu kaphethiloli. Inkinga yukuthi ngokuncipha kokuminyana, inqwaba yephethiloli ku-batch iyancipha, kuyilapho umthamo wayo uhlala usezingeni elifanayo. Umehluko ungafinyelela kumakhulu nezinkulungwane zamalitha, kodwa lapho uthenga uphethiloli endaweni yokudayisa, lokhu akubalulekile kakhulu.

Ngobuningi, ungasetha futhi uhlobo lwamafutha okuvela kulo uphethiloli. Ngamafutha anzima, aqukethe isulfure eningi, ukuminyana kuphakeme, nakuba ukusebenza okuningi kwephethiloli akuthinteki kakhulu ekubunjweni kwamafutha okuqala, kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obufanele bokukhipha i-distillation.

Kukalwa kanjani ukuminyana kukaphethiloli?

Noma yimuphi uphethiloli uyingxube ye-hydrocarbon ewuketshezi etholakala ngenxa ye-fractional distillation kawoyela. Lawa ma-hydrocarbons angahlukaniswa abe yizinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi, ezinamasongo e-athomu ye-carbon, nama-aliphatic compounds, ahlanganisa kuphela amaketanga ekhabhoni aqondile. Ngakho-ke, uphethiloli uyisigaba sezinhlanganisela, hhayi ingxube ethile, ngakho ukwakheka kwayo kungahluka kakhulu.

Indlela elula yokunquma ukuminyana ekhaya imi kanje:

1. Noma yisiphi isiqukathi esithweswe iziqu siyakhethwa futhi sikalwe.
2. Umphumela urekhodiwe.
3. Isitsha sigcwaliswa ngo-100 ml kaphethiloli futhi siphinde sikalwe.
4. Isisindo sesitsha esingenalutho sisuswa esisindweni sesitsha esigcwalisiwe.
5. Umphumela uhlukaniswa umthamo kaphethiloli owawusethangini. Lokhu kuzoba ukuminyana kukaphethiloli.

Uma une-hydrometer, ungathatha isilinganiso ngenye indlela. I-hydrometer iyithuluzi esebenzisa isimiso se-Archimedes sokulinganisa amandla adonsela phansi athile. Lesi simiso sithi into entanta oketshezini izosusa inani lamanzi elilingana nesisindo sento. Ngokusho kwezinkomba zesikali se-hydrometer, ipharamitha edingekayo isethiwe.

Ukulandelana kokulinganisa kungokulandelayo:

1. Gcwalisa isitsha esisobala bese ubeka ngokucophelela i-hydrometer kuphethiloli.
2. Zungezisa i-hydrometer ukuze ukhiphe noma imaphi amabhamuza omoya futhi uvumele ithuluzi ukuthi lizinze ebusweni bukaphethiloli. Kubalulekile ukususa ama-bubbles emoyeni ngoba azokwandisa ukuvuleka kwe-hydrometer.
3. Setha i-hydrometer ukuze ingaphezulu likaphethiloli lisezingeni lamehlo.
4. Bhala phansi inani lesikali elihambisana nezinga eliphezulu likaphethiloli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokushisa okwenziwa ngalo ukulinganisa nalo liyarekhodwa.

Ngokuvamile uphethiloli une-density ebangeni lama-700 ... 780 kg / m³, kuye ngokwakheka kwayo ncamashi. Izinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi ziminyene kancane kunezinhlanganisela ze-aliphatic, ngakho-ke inani elilinganisiwe lingabonisa ingxenye ehlobene yalezi zinhlanganisela kuphethiloli.

Kancane kancane, ama-pycnometers asetshenziselwa ukunquma ukuminyana kukaphethiloli (bheka i-GOST 3900-85), ngoba lawa madivaysi oketshezi oluguquguqukayo noluncane lwe-viscosity awahlukani ekuzinzeni kokufundwa kwawo.

Ukuminyana kukaphethiloli AI-92

Izinga libeka ukuthi ukuminyana kukaphethiloli ongenayo i-AI-92 kufanele kube ku-760 ± 10 kg / m.³. Izilinganiso kufanele zenziwe ekushiseni kwe-15^ºC.

Ukuminyana kukaphethiloli AI-95

Inani elijwayelekile lokuminyana kukaphethiloli we-AI-95, okalwe ngezinga lokushisa elingu-15.^ºC, ilingana no-750 ± 5 kg / m³.

Ukuminyana kukaphethiloli AI-100

Uphawu lokuthengisa lwalo petroli - i-Lukoil Ecto 100 - ibeka inkomba evamile yokuminyana, kg / m³, phakathi kuka-725…750 (futhi ku-15^ºC).

Uphethiloli. Izakhiwo zayo ziyimali yakho! Isiqephu sokuqala - Ukuminyana!