Ukwakheka kanye nezilinganiso ze-antifreeze liquid
Okuqukethwe
Iqukethe ini i-anti-freeze?
Izidakwa
Ukuze uvimbele ukuqhwa kwengilazi ebusika, kuyadingeka ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lekristalu lamanzi. I-aliphatic alcohols elula kakhulu yizinto ezinengqondo zokuxazulula le nkinga. Kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezi-3 zotshwala be-monohydric, kokubili kungxube naku-mono:
- I-Ethanol
Hhayi ubuthi; icwebezela ku -114 °C. Yasetshenziswa kwaze kwaba ngu-2006, nokho, ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme kanye namacala avamile okusetshenziswa komlomo ngendlela ye-surrogates, ayizange ifakwe ekwakhiweni.
- Isopropanol
Ngokungafani ne-ethanol, i-isopropyl alcohol ishibhile, kodwa inomphumela onobuthi kanye nephunga le-acetone.
- Methanol
Ihluka ezinkomba ezingcono kakhulu zomzimba namakhemikhali. Nokho, inobuthi obuphezulu futhi ivinjelwe ukusetshenziswa emazweni amaningana.
Okuqukethwe kotshwala bezobuchwepheshe ku-antifreeze kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-25 kuya ku-75%. Njengoba ukugxila kukhula, iphuzu lokuqandisa lengxube liyancipha. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwe-anti-frost kufika ku -30 ° C isithwathwa kuhlanganisa okungenani u-50% we-isopropyl alcohol.
Izihlanzi
Umsebenzi olandelayo we-antifreeze fluid ukususwa kokungcola nemivimbo. Ama-Anionic surfactants asetshenziswa njengezinto zokuhlanza, ezisebenza kungakhathaliseki izinga lokushisa. Futhi, ama-surfactants athuthukisa ukuxutshwa kwezingxenye ezingancibiliki kahle kanye notshwala ngamanzi. Iphesenti - kufika ku-1%.
I-Denaturation
Ukuze ulwe nokungenwa uketshezi lwe-washer, izithasiselo ezikhethekile ezinephunga elibi ziyethulwa. Ngokuvamile, i-pyridine, i-phthalic acid esters, noma uphalafini ojwayelekile uyangezwa. Izinhlanganisela ezinjalo zinephunga elibi futhi azihlukaniswa kahle ezixubeni zotshwala. Isabelo sezithasiselo ze-denaturing ngu-0,1-0,5%.
Izinza
Ukuze kugcinwe izakhiwo zokusebenza, i-ethylene glycol enobuthi noma i-propylene glycol engenabungozi yengezwa ku-anti-freeze. Izinhlanganisela ezinjalo zandisa ukunyibilika kwezakhi ze-organic, zandisa isikhathi sokusebenzisa, futhi zigcina uketshezi lwamanzi. Okuqukethwe kungaphansi kuka-5%.
Amafreyimu
Ukuqeda iphunga le-acetone, abahlanzi bezingilazi base-isopropanol basebenzisa amakha - izinto ezinephunga elimnandi nephunga elimnandi. Isabelo sengxenye singaba ngu-0,5%.
Odayi
Umbala wenza umsebenzi wokuhlobisa, futhi ubonisa iphesenti lotshwala. Ngokuvamile kukhona ama-anti-freezes ane-tint bluish, ehambisana nokuhlushwa kwe-isopropanol okungama-25%. Ukweqisa kodayi kuholela ekwakhekeni kwemvula. Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe kwayo akufanele kudlule i-0,001%.
Amanzi
Amanzi ahlanzekile asetshenziswa ngaphandle kokungcola. I-aqueous distillate isebenza njengesithwali sokushisa, i-solvent, futhi iphinde isuse ukungcola kanye ne-surfactant. Iphesenti lamanzi lingama-20-70% kuye ngokuqukethwe kotshwala.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-anti-freeze ngokusho kwe-GOST
Njengamanje eRussia awekho amadokhumenti alawulwayo mayelana nokubunjwa nokukhiqizwa kwe-windshield washer fluids. Nokho, izingxenye ngazinye zingaphansi kwezidingo zokulawula ngokuhambisana nokuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwesicelo. Ukwakheka okulinganiselwe koketshezi lwewashi ye-windshield yasebusika enophawu lokuvumelana lwe-PCT ngokwezinga eliphakathi nendawo (GOST):
- amanzi akhishwe amaminerali: hhayi ngaphansi kuka-30%;
- isopropanol - ngaphezu kuka-30%;
- Ama-surfactants: kufika ku-5%;
- i-stabilizer propylene glycol: 5%;
- ingxenye yokuxosha amanzi: 1%;
- i-ejenti ye-buffer: 1%;
- ukunambitheka: 5%;
- Udayi: 5%.
Izidingo zokulawula zokwakheka
Ukuqinisekiswa komkhiqizo kubheka izinga lobuthi nokusebenza komkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, ama-windshield washers kufanele abhekane ngokuphumelelayo nokungcola ebusika, hhayi ukwakha ama-streaks, amabala anciphisa umbono womshayeli. Izingxenye ekubunjweni kufanele zingabi nandaba ne-fiberglass nezindawo zensimbi. Izinhlanganisela ezinobuthi ekwakhiweni kwe-anti-freeze zithathelwa indawo yi-analogues engenabungozi: i-methanol - isopropanol, i-ethylene glycol enobuthi - i-neutral propylene glycol.
