Ukuminyana kwamafutha enjini. Incike kumaphi amapharamitha?
Okuqukethwe
High Density Lubricants
Ubuningi bamafutha ezimoto buhluka ezingeni lika-0,68-0,95 kg / l. Amafutha anenkomba engaphezulu kwe-0,95 kg / l ahlukaniswa njenge-high-density. Lawa mafutha anciphisa ukucindezeleka kwemishini ekudluliseni kwe-hydraulic ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu, okokugcoba akungeni ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo amasilinda episton. Ngenxa yalokho: umthwalo ku-crank mechanism (i-crankshaft) iyakhula. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha kuyanda futhi i-coke deposit yakheka kaningi.
Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-1,5-2, i-lubricant ihlanganiswe ngu-4-7% yenani layo lokuqala, okubonisa isidingo sokushintsha okokugcoba.
Amafutha e-Low density motor
Ukuncipha kwepharamitha ye-mass-volume ngaphansi kwe-0,68 kg / l kungenxa yokwethulwa kokungcola okuphansi, isibonelo, amapharafini alula. Izithambisi ezisezingeni eliphansi esimweni esinjalo ziholela ekugugeni ngokushesha kwezinto ze-hydromechanical zenjini, okuyilezi:
- Uketshezi alunaso isikhathi sokugcoba ingaphezulu lezindlela ezihambayo futhi lugeleze ku-crankcase.
- Ukwenyuka kokutubeka kanye nokupheka ezingxenyeni zensimbi zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi.
- Ukushisisa ngokweqile kwezinqubo zamandla ngenxa yokwanda kwamandla okungqubuzana.
- Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kwamafutha.
- Izihlungi zamafutha angcolile.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze usebenze kahle "i-cylinder-piston" ligament, uwoyela wenjini wokuminyana ofanele uyadingeka. Inani linqunywa uhlobo oluthile lwenjini futhi liyanconywa ngokuya ngezigaba ze-SAE ne-API.
Ithebula lokuminyana lamafutha emoto ebusika
Izinto zokugcoba ezivezwe yinkomba 5w40–25w40 zihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo zasebusika (W - Winter). Ubuningi bemikhiqizo enjalo buhluka ku-0,85-0,9 kg / l. Inombolo ephambi kuka "W" ikhombisa izinga lokushisa lapho amasilinda episton azungeziswa futhi azungeziswa khona. Idijithi yesibili yinkomba ye-viscosity yoketshezi olushisayo. Inkomba ye-density ye-lubricant yeklasi ye-5W40 iphansi kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo zasebusika - 0,85 kg / l ku-5 ° C. Umkhiqizo ofanayo wesigaba se-10W40 unenani lika-0,856 kg / l, futhi ku-15w40 ipharamitha ngu-0,89-0,91 kg / l.
| Izinga lamafutha enjini ye-SAE | Ukuminyana, kg/l |
| 5w30 | 0,865 |
| 5w40 | 0,867 |
| 10w30 | 0,865 |
| 10w40 | 0,865 |
| 15w40 | 0,910 |
| 20w50 | 0,872 |
Ithebula libonisa ukuthi inkomba yokugcoba kwamaminerali asebusika ishintshashintsha ezingeni lika-0,867 kg / l. Lapho usebenzisa uketshezi lokugcoba, kubalulekile ukuqapha ukuphambuka kumapharamitha wokuminyana. I-hydrometer evamile izosiza ukukala inani.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha enjini
Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-1-2 yokusetshenziswa, izakhiwo zomzimba zamafutha obuchwepheshe ziyawohloka. Umbala womkhiqizo uyahluka ukusuka kophuzi ngokukhanyayo ukuya kunsundu. Isizathu ukwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo yokubola kanye nokubukeka kwezinto ezingcolile. I-asphaltenes, i-carbene derivatives, kanye ne-soot engashi yizici eziyinhloko eziholela ekubekweni uphawu kwezithambisi zobuchwepheshe. Isibonelo, uketshezi lwekilasi le-5w40 elinenani elijwayelekile lika-0,867 kg / l ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2 linenani lika-0,907 kg / l. Akunakwenzeka ukuqeda izinqubo zamakhemikhali zokuwohloka okuholela ekushintsheni kokuminyana kwamafutha enjini.
